近百年来黄河改道及输沙量变化对山东半岛泥质楔沉积物粒度特征的影响

杨立建; 马小川; 贾建军; 阎军; 栾振东

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.01.009

近百年来黄河改道及输沙量变化对山东半岛泥质楔沉积物粒度特征的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.01.009

杨立建^{1, 3,},
马小川^{1, 4, ,},
贾建军²,
阎军^{1, 4},
栾振东^{1, 4}

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质与环境重点实验室，山东青岛 266071
2.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
3.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049
4.
中国科学院海洋大科学中心，山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助课题（SKLEC-KF201804）；国家自然科学基金（41876035）；中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA11030301)。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨立建（1993—），男，山东省聊城市人，主要从事海洋沉积与环境研究。E-mail：yanglijian16@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
马小川（1985—），男，副研究员，主要从事海洋沉积动力研究。E-mail：mxch@qdio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.21
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-10
- 修回日期: 2019-07-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-25

Impacts of channel shifts and interannual sediment load reducing of the Yellow River on the grain size characteristics of sediments in the Shandong mud wedge over the past 100 years

Yang Lijian^{1, 3
,},
Ma Xiaochuan^{1, 4
, ,},
Jia Jianjun²,
Yan Jun^{1, 4},
Luan Zhendong^{1, 4}

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 对山东半岛泥质楔柱状样进行沉积物粒度分析，并在²¹⁰Pb测年基础上结合黄河年输沙量、悬浮泥沙粒径、河口位置及沿岸流强弱替代指标等数据研究近百年来黄河改道及输沙量变化对远端沉积区沉积特征的影响。研究结果显示，研究区沉积物粒度的变化是黄河入海泥沙特征和沿岸流等水动力作用共同影响的结果。1884–1939年及1947–1999年，研究区沉积物粒度特征的变化主要受到沿岸流强弱的影响；1939–1947年及1999–2012年，受1938–1947年花园口决堤以及20世纪90年代末以来黄河年输沙量持续偏低致使源区泥沙不足的影响，沉积物粒度相对粗化，与沿岸流强度的相关性减弱。与黄河入海泥沙近端沉积区不同，研究区粒度特征对黄河尾闾改道事件不敏感，且对花园口决堤及年输沙量低于临界值的响应有一定程度的延迟，这与该区沉积物经历了再悬浮过程及中间复杂的物质混合有关。黄河改道及输沙量变化仍然是远端沉积区沉积特征演化不可忽视的因素。
- 粒度 /
- 端元组分 /
- 山东半岛泥质楔 /
- 黄河 /
- 输沙量 /
- 改道
Abstract: In this study, sediment grain size of a core retrieved from Shandong mud wedge has been tested. On the basis of ²¹⁰Pb dating, the impacts of channel shifts and changes of annual sediment load of the Yellow River on the sedimentary characteristics of the remote depositional zone over the past 100 years have been studied by analyzing the temporal changes of grain size in the core, Yellow River's annual sediment load, particle size of suspended sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yellow River estuary location, and replacement index of coastal current intensity. The results show that grain size of sediments in the study area is affected by characteristics of sediments input of the Yellow River and strength of coastal hydrodynamics. During the period 1884−1939 AD and 1947−1999 AD, the variation of grain-size characteristics in the area was mainly affected by strength of the coastal current. During the period 1939−1947 AD and 1999−2012 AD, sediments in this area were obviously coarsened, and their correlation with the coastal current intensity weakened. Such a coarsening trend of sediment is likely attributed to the insufficient sediment input of the Yellow River, because the Yellow River was cut down at the Huayuankou during 1938−1947 AD and the annual sediment load of the Yellow River was continuous lowering since the end of the 1990s. Different from proximal depositional zone, grain-size characteristics of this remote offshore depositional area was not sensitive to the channel shifts in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. A certain delay also existed in the response of sediment grain size to the reduction of annual sediment load. The reason was that sediment in this area was subjected to resuspension and complex material mixing. Channel shifts of the Yellow River and change of sediment load were still factors that could not be ignored for evolution of sedimentary characteristics of remote depositional zone.
- grain size /
- end-members modelling /
- the Shandong mud wedge /
- Yellow River /
- sediment load /
- channel shifts

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图 1 研究区域概况与取样站位（据文献[21]改绘）

Fig. 1 Overview of study area and the location of sampling stations (modified from reference [21])

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图 2 SY17-2孔沉积物干密度与²¹⁰Pb比活度剖面

Fig. 2 Profiles of dry density and ²¹⁰Pb activities of the Core SY17-2

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图 3 SY17-2孔沉积物粒度参数剖面及典型层位粒度频率分布曲线

Fig. 3 Profiles of grain-size parameters and frequency distribution curve at different depths of the Core SY17-2

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图 4 端元数量限定因素及分离结果

a. 端元间相关系数及拟合角度偏移；b. EM1、EM2及对26.0～26.5 cm层位粒度频率分布曲线的拟合

Fig. 4 Limiting factors to number of end members and decomposition results

a. Correlation coefficient among different end-members and angles offset between fitting and real value; b. EM1, EM2 and fitting value for grain-size at 26.0−26.5 cm

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图 5 EM1与LZ2017-2、BHB15-8孔粒度频率分布曲线

LZ2017-2孔位于黄河水下三角洲，坐标：37°27′43″N，119°14′53″E；BHB15-8孔位于渤海湾，坐标：38°32′54″N，118°33′00″E，数据未发表

Fig. 5 Grain-size frequency distribution curve of EM1 and the LZ2017-2, BHB15-8 cores

Core LZ2017-2 is located in the Yellow River Underwater Delta with latitude and longitude of 37 27′43″N and 119 14′53″E; Core BHB15-8 is located in the Bohai Bay with latitude and longitude of 38°32′54″N and 118°33′00″E，the data are not published

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图 6 SY17-2孔沉积物粒度指标与东亚冬季风指数、黄河年输沙量、黄河悬浮泥沙中值粒径对比

黄河年输沙量数据引自国家科技基础条件平台−国家地球系统科学数据共享平台(http://www.geodata.cn)、黄河流域水文数据及中国河流泥沙公报；黄河悬浮泥沙中值粒径数据引自文献[60]；东亚冬季风指数引自文献[61-62]

Fig. 6 Interannual variation of grain size indicators of the Core SY17-2, East Asian winter monsoon index, sediment load of the Yellow River and middle size of suspended sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River

Sediment load of the Yellow River data are based on National Earth System Science Data Center (http://www.geodata.cn), hydrological data of Yellow River and China River Sediment Bulletin; middle size of suspended sediment data are cited from reference [60]; East Asian winter monsoon index is cited from reference [61-62]

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表 1 SY17-2孔沉积物粒度参数统计结果

Tab. 1 Statistical results of grain-size parameters of the Core SY17-2

	组分含量/%			中值粒径/μm	平均粒径/μm	分选系数	偏态	峰态
	黏土	粉砂	砂	中值粒径/μm	平均粒径/μm	分选系数	偏态	峰态
最大值	15.78	88.95	8.99	31.66	24.10	1.51	1.40	4.79
最小值	6.24	83.15	0.20	10.49	11.09	1.34	0.54	2.78
平均值	10.31	86.85	2.84	18.98	16.67	1.43	0.86	3.30
标准偏差	1.21	0.84	1.14	2.85	1.63	0.03	0.10	0.23
变异系数	0.12	0.01	0.40	0.15	0.10	0.02	0.11	0.07

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表 2 端元相对含量及平均粒径统计结果

Tab. 2 Statistical results of end-members abundance and mean size

统计特征值	EM1	EM2
最大值/%	94.31	55.05
最小值/%	44.95	5.69
平均值/%	70.49	29.51
标准偏差	6.09	6.09
变异系数	0.09	0.21
端元平均粒级/μm	12.67	39.83

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