Numerical simulations and statistical analysis of surf on the generalized topography of the Nansha Islands
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摘要: 南沙群岛珊瑚岛礁众多，大多数岛礁具有向海坡陡峭、外礁坪比较平缓的特征。将南沙群岛岛礁的迎浪向地形概化为陡坡和缓坡组成的双斜坡，采用FUNWAVE-TVD模式数值模拟概化地形上的波浪，根据模拟的破碎波高分析其拍岸浪特征。对拍岸浪数值模拟结果进行比较分析，向海坡的坡度对拍岸浪影响不大，外礁坪上拍岸浪高随地形坡度增大而略有增大；向海坡和外礁坪交界位置(即坡折点)水深对拍岸浪有比较明显的影响，拍岸浪高随坡折点水深增大而减小；拍岸浪高随入射波高和波周期增大而增大。利用大量的拍岸浪数值模拟数据对国内外5种统计模型进行检验，并且基于拍岸浪数值模拟数据建立了3种南沙群岛岛礁拍岸浪统计模型，计算结果显示这些模型适用性较好。
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关键词:
- 南沙群岛岛礁 /
- 概化地形 /
- 拍岸浪 /
- FUNWAVE-TVD /
- 统计模型
Abstract: There are hundreds of islands and reefs in Nansha Islands. Most of them are characterized by steep seaward slope and gentle outer reef flat. The wave-facing topography of reefs were generalized to a pair of slopes. FUNWAVE-TVD was adopted to simulate shoaling and breaking. Breaking wave heights simulated by the model were analyzed. The slope of seaward slopes has little influence on surf. The breaking wave height on the outer reef flat only increases slightly as the slope increases. The water depth at the turning of the seaward slope and the out reef flat (i.e. the turning point of the slope) has relatively obvious influence on the surf. The breaking wave height decreases with the increasing of water depth at the turning point. The breaker height will also increase with the increasing of incident wave height and wave period. Five statistical models of breaking wave heights compared with the simulating results. Three types of new statistical models are also established based on the simulating result. The results of error calculation show that these models have good applicability.-
Key words:
- reefs of Nansha Islands /
- generalized topography /
- surf /
- FUNWAVE-TVD /
- statistical model
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图 4 数值模拟与水槽实验的波高比较
Fig. 4 The wave heights from the wave flume experiment and numerical simulation
图 5 南沙群岛岛礁波浪数值模拟的概化地形
Fig. 5 The generalized topography for the numerical simulations of wave on the Nansha Islands reefs
图 6 不同入射波高和波周期的波浪模拟结果
Fig. 6 The simulated wave heights impacted by the incident wave heights and periods
图 7 向海坡坡度对破碎波高影响的数值模拟结果
Fig. 7 The simulated breaking wave heights impacted by the slopes of seaward reef slopes
图 8 外礁坪坡度对破碎波高影响的数值模拟结果
Fig. 8 The simulated breaking wave heights impacted by the slopes of outer reef flats
图 9 坡折点水深对破碎波高影响的数值模拟结果
Fig. 9 The simulated breaking wave heights impacted by the depths at slope turnings
图 10 统计模型与数值模拟的破碎波高
Fig. 10 The breaking wave heights from the statistical models and the numerical simulations
图 11 A模型、B模型、C模型和数值模拟的破碎波高
Fig. 11 The breaking wave heights from the A, B, C models and the numerical simulations
表 1 720个波浪数值模拟算例的参数设置
Tab. 1 The 720 cases of wave numerical simulations
外礁坪坡度s2 坡折点水深hr/m 入射波周期T0/s 入射波高H0/m 1∶30 1∶40 1∶50 1∶60 1.0 0.5 1∶70 1.5 5 1.0 1∶80 2.0 8 1.5 1∶100 2.5 10 2.0 1∶150 3.0 1∶300 1∶500 1∶700 1∶1 000 
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