Dominant genera of marine nematodes and their feeding types in several mangrove wetlands of Fujian Province
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摘要: 本文于2012年4月、7月与10月以及2013年1月与4月，对福建省云霄县漳江口、龙海市九龙江口、厦门市凤林湾、泉州市洛阳江口、宁德市湾坞5片红树林湿地的海洋线虫进行采样与优势属及摄食类型研究，主要研究结果如下：采样区域优势度大于等于5%的海洋线虫优势属依次为Sabatieria、Ptycholaimellus、Parasphaerolaimus、Terschellingia、Daptonema、Viscosia和Dichromadora，优势度依次为19.82%、7.88%、7.45%、7.26%、6.79%、6.00%和5.25%。在漳江口红树林、九龙江口红树林及洛阳江口红树林均以Sabatieria为第一优势属，优势度分别为27.87%、28.37%和23.40%；凤林红树林以Terschellingia为第一优势属，优势度为18.10%；湾坞红树林以Daptonema为第一优势属，优势度为22.86%。海洋线虫摄食类型数量的季节变化如下，漳江口红树林：1B>2A>2B>1A；九龙江口红树林：1B>2B>2A>1A；凤林红树林：1B>2A>2B>1A；洛阳江口红树林：2B>1B>2A>1A；湾坞红树林：2A>1B>2B>1A。在漳江口红树林、九龙江口红树林和凤林红树林中海洋线虫均以1B型为主导，在湾坞红树林中以2A型为主导，在洛阳江口红树林是2B型为主导，在5个区域内1A型海洋线虫的丰度均为最低。Abstract: In April, July, October 2012, and January, April 2013, marine nematode dominant genera and feeding types were sampled for diversity analysis from five mangrove wetlands（Zhangjiang Estuary in Yunxiao Country, Jiulongjiang Estuary in Longhai City, Fenglin in Xiamen City, Luoyangjiang Estuary in Quanzhou City, Wanwu in Ningde City）in Fujian Province. It was found that the nematode dominant genera with dominance of percentages≥5% were Sabatieria, Ptycholaimellus, Parasphaerolaimus, Terschellingia, Daptonema, Viscosia and Dichromadora, which had dominance by 19.82%, 7.88%, 7.45%, 7.26%, 6.79 %, 6.00%, 5.25%, respectively. Sabatieria was the most predominant genus in the mangroves wetlands of Zhangjiang Estuary, Jiulongjiang Estuary and Luoyangjiang Estuary, with dominances are 27.87%, 28.37%, and 23.40%, respectively. Terschellingia was the most dominant genus in Fenglin mangrove wetlands, with a dominance of 18.10%. Daptonema was the most dominant genus in Wanwu mangrove wetlands, and dominance was 22.86%. The seasonal variations in abundance of their feeding types were as follows, in Zhangjiang Estuary wetlands, 1B>2A>2B>1A. In Jiulongjiang Estuary wetlands, 1B>2B>2A>1A. In Fenglin wetlands, 1B>2A>2B>1A. In Luoyangjiang Estuary wetlands, 2B>1B>2A>1A. In Wanwu wetlands, 2A>1B>2B>1A. Therefore, type 1B marine nematode showed to be the dominant in Zhangjiang Estuary, Jiulongjiang Estuary and Fenglin, type 2A was dominant in Wanwu wetlands, type 2B was dominant in Luoyangjiang Estuary wetlands, type 1A are the lowest in five regions.
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Key words:
- mangrove wetlands /
- marine nematodes /
- dominant genera /
- feeding types
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图 1 福建省红树林湿地采样区域示意图
Fig. 1 Map of the mangrove wetlands in Fujian Province showing the positions of the sampling area
图 2 漳江口红树林湿地不同季节海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 2 The percentage of marine nematode feeding types in different seasons in Zhangjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
图 3 九龙江口红树林湿地不同季节海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 3 The percentages of marine nematode feeding types in different seasons in Jiulongjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
图 4 凤林红树林不同季节海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 4 The percentages of marine nematode feeding types in different seasons in Fenglin mangrove wetlands
图 5 洛阳江口红树林湿地不同季节海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 5 The percentages of marine nematode feeding types in different seasons in Luoyangjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
图 6 湾坞红树林湿地不同季节海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 6 The percentages of marine nematode feeding types in different seasons in Wanwu mangrove wetlands
图 7 5片红树林湿地采样区域优势度大于等于5%的线虫属
Fig. 7 Nematode genera of dominances≥5% in five mangrove wetlands
图 8 福建省红树林湿地海洋线虫摄食类型的百分比
Fig. 8 The percentages of marine nematode feeding types in mangrove wetlands in Fujian Province
表 1 福建省各采样区域的环境因子（数据来自2012年10月的样品分析）
Tab. 1 The location of sampling areas and some environmental parameters (data of October，2012)
采样区域 纬度 经度 红树植物 泥温/℃ 总氮/mg·g−1 总磷/mg·g−1 有机碳/% 硫化物/10−6 漳江口红树林 23.96°N 117.35°E 秋茄 27.3 2.72 0.41 3.96 8.38 九龙江口红树林 24.45°N 117.82°E 秋茄 28.6 1.56 0.58 2.04 8.05 凤林红树林 24.58°N 118.10°E 秋茄 27.4 2.28 0.46 3.17 20.17 洛阳江口红树林 24.94°N 118.67°E 桐花树 28.1 1.31 0.40 1.72 16.89 湾坞红树林 26.85°N 119.86°E 秋茄 – – – – – 
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表 2 漳江口红树林湿地不同季节优势度≥5%的线虫属及其所占比例
Tab. 2 Nematode genera and their dominance of percentages ≥5% in different seasons in Zhangjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% Molgolaimus 17.33 Sabatieria 34.25 Sabatieria 42.21 Sabatieria 36.33 Ptycholaimellus 16.67 Parasphaerolaimus 7.08 Parasphaerolaimus 17.62 Ptycholaimellus 17.96 Anoplostoma 11.00 Megadesmolaimus 6.62 Metalinhomoeus 6.97 Oxystomina 6.94 Terschellingia 9.33 Metalinhomoeus 6.39 Terschellingia 6.53 Anticyathus 7.33 Oxystomina 5.94 Parasphaerolaimus 5.71 Metachromadora 6.33 Neochromadora 5.25 Daptonema 5.33 Dichromadora 5.33 Acanthomicrolaimus 5.00
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表 3 九龙江口红树林湿地不同季节优势度大于等于5%的线虫属及其所占比例
Tab. 3 Nematode genera and their dominance of percentages ≥5% in different seasons in Jiulongjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% Sabatieria 29.97 Sabatieria 31.90 Sabatieria 39.63 Dichromadora 20.73 Dichromadora 15.27 Spilophorella 11.47 Parasphaeroalimus 15.67 Parasphaerolaimus 17.89 Ptycholaimellus 9.51 Parasphaerolaimus 8.24 Halichoanolaimus 8.29 Sabatieria 12.20 Terschellingia 7.20 Viscosia 6.81 Terschellingia 7.37 Terschellingia 8.13 Parasphaeroalimus 6.34 Viscosia 7.37 Sphaerolaimus 7.72 Oxystomina 5.69 Viscosia 5.28
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表 4 凤林红树林湿地不同季节优势度大于等于5%的线虫属及其所占比例
Tab. 4 Nematode genera and percentage of dominances ≥5% in different seasons in Fenglin mangrove wetlands
春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% Anoplostoma 23.66 Sabatieria 15.88 Terschellingia 37.22 Terschellingia 21.43 Viscosia 21.86 Terschellingia 14.44 Daptonema 9.40 Dichromadora 10.54 Sabatieria 17.20 Daptonema 9.03 Linhomoeus 9.02 Ptycholaimellus 10.20 Parasphaerolaimus 8.60 Anoplostoma 7.94 Sabatieria 6.77 Paracanthonchus 9.18 Ptycholaimellus 6.45 Linhomoeus 5.42 Dorylaimopsis 5.64 Sabatieria 9.18 Sphaerolaimus 5.05 Anoplostoma 5.26 Viscosia 8.50 Anoplostoma 7.48
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表 5 洛阳江口红树林湿地不同季节优势度大于等于5%的线虫属及其所占比例
Tab. 5 Nematode genera and their dominance of percentages≥5% in different seasons in Luoyangjiang Estuary mangrove wetlands
春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% Sabatieria 18.40 Sabatieria 24.15 Sabatieria 22.14 Sabatieria 29.14 Ptycholaimellus 13.89 Spilophorella 15.31 Viscosia 15.57 Ptycholaimellus 13.91 Daptonema 10.07 Trissonchulus 12.59 Parasphaerolaimus 13.63 Daptonema 11.59 Parasphaerolaimus 9.38 Parasphaerolaimus 8.84 Parodontophora 10.22 Hopperia 8.94 Viscosia 6.25 Hopperia 7.82 Terschellingia 6.57 Parasphaerolaimus 6.62 Trissonchulus 5.90 Trissonchulus 6.08 Terschellingia 6.29 Sphaerolaimus 5.21 Terschellingia 5.21
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表 6 湾坞红树林湿地不同季节优势度≥5%的线虫属及其所占比例（缺春季）
Tab. 6 Nematode genera and their dominance of percentages ≥5% in different seasons in Wanwu mangrove wetlands
夏季 秋季 冬季 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% 线虫属 比例/% Spilophorella 19.75 Daptonema 28.11 Daptonema 34.46 Sabatieria 10.19 Dichromadora 17.74 Ptycholaimellus 29.96 Anoplostoma 6.05 Ptycholaimellus 14.98 Viscosia 10.86 Sphaerolaimus 6.05 Spilophorella 12.21 Sphaerolaimus 5.24 Dichromadora 5.73 Sphaerolaimus 5.30 Viscosia 5.41 Chromadora 5.10 Daptonema 5.10 Metalinhomoeus 5.10
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表 7 世界各地红树林湿地海洋线虫的优势属
Tab. 7 The dominant genera of marine nematodes in mangrove wetlands around the world
作者 地区 树种 总属/种数 常见属/优势属 Nicholas等[10] 澳大利亚新南威尔士州 白骨壤 – Ptycholaimellus，Desmodora，Microlaimus，Sphaerolaimus，Terschellingia，Parodontophora，Onyx，Daptonema，Sabatieria Gwyther[11] 澳大利亚维多利亚州 白骨壤 21 Tripyloides，Metachromadora，Daptonema Pinto等[4] 巴西Itamaracá岛 美洲红树
（Rhizophora mangle）73 Daptonema，Terschellingia Rzeznik-Orignac等[12] 法国 – – Metachromadoroides，Terschellingia，Ptycholaimellus，Chromadora，Sabatieria，Daptonema，Axonolaimus，Metalinhomoeus，Desmolaimus，Sphaerolaimus，Sabatieria Mokievsky等[13] 越南芽庄湾 白骨壤红海榄 2 429 Chromadorella，Ptycholaimellus，Admirandus，Theristus TheristusSabatieria.，Haliplectus，Anoplostoma，Litinium Thilagavathi等[14] 印度Sethukuda红树林 – 20 Daptonema，Theristus，Viscosia，Oxystomina，Halalaimus Chinnadurai和Fernando[15] 印度Pichavaran岛；Parangipettai岛 白骨壤秋茄 36 Dorylaimopsis，Hopperia，Ptycholaimellus，Terschellingia，Daptonema，Theristus，Viscosia，Halichoanolaimus，Sphaerolaimus Zhou[16] 香港 秋茄 – Diplolaimelloides，Theristus，Haliplectus，Megasdesmolaimus，Anoplostoma，Chromaspirina，Desmodora，Dichromadora，Paracanthonchus Ólafsson[17] 东非 白骨壤，木榄杯萼海桑，角果木 94 Microlaimus，Spirina，Desmodora，Metachromadora
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