鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）杂交F1代变态发育和生长特征分析

成美玲; 田永胜; 吴玉萍; 李振通; 张晶晶; 王林娜; 马文辉; 庞尊方; 刘成磊; 孙芳芳; 翟介明

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.007

鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）杂交F1代变态发育和生长特征分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.007

成美玲^{1, 3,},
田永胜^{2, 3, ,},
吴玉萍^{1, 3},
李振通^{3, 4},
张晶晶^{3, 4},
王林娜^{2, 3},
马文辉⁵,
庞尊方⁵,
刘成磊⁵,
孙芳芳⁵,
翟介明⁵

1.
大连海洋大学水产与生命学院，辽宁大连 116023
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室，山东青岛 266071
3.
中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室，山东青岛 266071
4.
上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306
5.
莱州明波水产有限公司，山东莱州 261400

基金项目: 烟台市重点研发计划(2016JH021)；烟台市高端人才引进“双百计划”项目；黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022019002，20603022018019)。

详细信息

作者简介:
成美玲（1993—），女，山东省日照市人，研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖。E-mail：ml-cheng@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
田永胜，研究员，主要从事精子和胚胎冷冻保存、石斑鱼杂交育种和经济鱼类遗传性状解析。E-mail：tianys@ysfri.ac.cn

中图分类号: S965
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-14
- 修回日期: 2019-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-08-25

Analysis of metamorphosis development and growth characteristics of hybrid offspring of Epinephelus lanceolatus ♀×Epinephelus. tukula ♂

Cheng Meiling^{1, 3
,},
Tian Yongsheng^{2, 3
, ,},
Wu Yuping^{1, 3},
Li Zhentong^{3, 4},
Zhang Jingjing^{3, 4},
Wang Linna^{2, 3},
Ma Wenhui⁵,
Pang Zunfang⁵,
Liu Chenglei⁵,
Sun Fangfang⁵,
Zhai Jieming⁵

1.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
2.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Sustainable Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
4.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
5.
Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Laizhou 261400, China

摘要

摘要: 为了深入研究鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus) (♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E. tukula) (♂)杂交F1代的变态发育及生长特征，本研究对杂交组和纯种鞍带石斑鱼胚胎发育时间、受精率、畸形率、孵化率和仔稚幼鱼生长性状(全长、体长、体高、肛前距），以及杂交组卵黄囊和油球吸收过程，第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘生长和收缩，口径和眼裂的变化等进行了详细的观察描述和统计分析。结果显示，在水温28℃条件下，杂交组和鞍带石斑鱼受精卵分别经21 h 24 min和21 h 32 min完成胚胎发育；杂交F1代受精率、畸形率和孵化率分别是89.09%±0.08%、35.16%±5.05%和62.59%±10.70%，与纯种鞍带石斑鱼无显著性差异。根据卵黄囊、第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘、鳞片、体色等形态变化，将其胚后变态发育分为前期仔鱼(孵化后0～6 d)、后期仔鱼(孵化后7～34 d)、稚鱼期(孵化后35～46 d)和幼鱼期(孵化后47～86 d)，前期仔鱼生长较缓慢，后期仔鱼到幼鱼期生长逐渐加快，86 d时杂交组和对照组体长分别达(60.80±0.50) mm和(51.80±0.47) mm，杂交组生长速度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。在胚胎发育时期卵黄囊消耗量为29.45%，油球消耗量为20.75%，卵黄囊在孵化后1 d消耗最快，达58.70%。油球在孵化后3 d消耗最快，达32.08%，孵化后第5 d仔鱼卵黄囊和油球基本吸收完毕。第二背鳍棘、腹鳍棘在孵化后29 d达到最长，分别是(8.15±0.02) mm和(5.80±0.10) mm，至47 d完全退化，变态发育完成。第一天仔鱼眼径为(0.16±0.01) mm，至86 d眼径增大22倍，第四天口裂长为（0.09±0.02） mm，至86 d增大99倍。结果表明，鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代胚胎和仔稚幼鱼发育正常，而且杂交F1代与母本相比具有较显著的生长优势，本研究为两种石斑鱼杂交苗种培育、发育研究和品种改良提供了丰富的数据。
- 鞍带石斑鱼 /
- 蓝身大斑石斑鱼 /
- 杂交子代 /
- 仔稚幼鱼 /
- 变态发育 /
- 生长性状
Abstract: In order to further study the metamorphosis development and growth characteristics of the hybrid offspring of Epinephelus lanceolatus♀×E. tukula♂, we measured embryonic development time, fertilization rate, deformity rate, hatching rate and growth traits (full length, body length, height and anal front) of the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus. We also observed the absorption process of yolk sac and oil globule, the growth and contraction of the second dorsal spine and pelvic fin spine, and the changes of eye diameter and oral fissure during embryonic development of hybrid offspring. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. The results show that the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus complete embryo development at 21 h 24 min and 21 h 32 min at 28℃, respectively; the fertilization rate, deformity rate and hatching rate of hybrid offspring are 89.09%±0.08%, 35.16%±5.05% and 62.59%±10.70%, respectively, no significant difference is shown compared with that of E. lanceolatus. According to the morphological changes of yolk sac, second dorsal spine, pelvic fin spine, scales and body color, the post-embryonic metamorphosis is divided into early larvae (0–6 d after hatching), late larvae (7–34 d after hatching), juveniles (35–46 d after hatching) and juvenile fish period (47–86 d after hatching). The growth of the early larvae is slower, while the growth of the larvae to the juveniles increases gradually. At 86 d after hatching, the body lengths of the hybrid offspring and E. lanceolatus reach (60.80±0.50) cm and (51.80±0.47) cm, which indicates the growth of the hybrid offspring is significantly faster than E. lanceolatus (P<0.01). During embryo development, the yolk sac consumption is 29.45%, the oil ball consumption is 20.75%, and the yolk sac consumption is the fastest at 1 d after hatching, reaching 58.70%. The oil globule consumption is the fastest at 3 d after hatching, reaching 32.08%, and the yolk sac and oil globule of the larvae are basically absorbed at 5 d after hatching. The lengths of the second dorsal spine and pelvic fin spine reach the longest of (8.15±0.02) mm and (5.80±0.10) mm at 29 d after hatching respectively, and they completely degenerate at 47 d after hatching which marks the completion of metamorphosis. The eye diameter of the larvae is (0.16±0.01) mm at 1 d after hatching, which increases by 22 times at 86 d after hatching. The length of oral fissure is (0.09±0.02) mm, and it increases by 99 times at 86 d after hatching. The results show that the hybrid offspring of E. lanceolatus♀×E. tukula♂ develops normally, and the hybrid offspring shows a significant growth advantage comparing with its female parent. This study provides rich data for seed cultivation, development research and variety improvement of the hybrid offspring.
- Epinephelus lanceolatus /
- Epinephelus. tukula /
- hybrid offspring /
- larvae and juveniles /
- metamorphosis development /
- growth characteristics

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图 1 鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）杂交后代胚后发育

1.初孵仔鱼； 2. 1 日龄仔鱼；3. 2 日龄仔鱼；4.3日龄仔鱼；5. 4 日龄仔鱼；6.5日龄仔鱼；7. 7 日龄仔鱼；8. 9日龄仔鱼；9. 11 日龄仔鱼；10. 13 日龄仔鱼；11. 17日龄仔鱼；12. 23 日龄仔鱼；13.29日龄仔鱼；14.35 日龄稚鱼；15.41日龄稚鱼；16. 47 日龄幼鱼；17.52 日龄幼鱼；18.58日龄幼鱼； 19. 67日龄幼鱼；20. 86日龄幼鱼

Fig. 1 The development characteristics of hybrid Epinephelus lanceolatus (♀) × E. tukula (♂)

1. Newly hatched; 2. 1 d larvae; 3. 2 d larvae; 4.3 d larvae; 5. 4 d larvae; 6. 5 d larvae; 7. 7 d larvae; 8. 9 d larvae; 9. 11 d larvae; 10. 13 d larvae; 11. 17 d larvae;12.23 d larvae;13.29 d larvae; 14.35 d juvenile; 15. 41 d juvenile; 16. 47 d young fish; 17. 52 d young fish；18.58 d young fish；19.67 d young fish；20.86 d young fish

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图 2 鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）与鞍带石斑鱼全长（a）、体高（b）及肛前距（c）的长度变化比较

不同字母表示性状之间有显著性差异 (n=10, P<0.05)

Fig. 2 The total length (a), body height (b) and preanal distance (c) of E.lanceolatus (♀)×E.tukula (♂)

Different letter indicates that the traits have significant differences (n=10, P<0.05)

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图 3 鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）第二背鳍棘和第一腹鳍棘长度

不同字母表示性状之间有显著性差异 (n=10, P<0.05)

Fig. 3 The length of the second dorsal fin spine and the first pelvic fin spine of E.lanceolatus (♀)×E.tukula (♂)

Different letter indicates that the traits have significant differences (n=10, P<0.05)

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图 4 鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）眼径和口裂长度

abc...和ABC...不同字母有显著性差异 (n=10, P<0.05)

Fig. 4 The length of the eye diameter and the oral fissure of E.lanceolatus (♀)×E.tukula (♂)

abc...and ABC...different letters have significant diffferences (n=10, P<0.05)

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表 1 鞍带石斑鱼(♀)×蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1代及对照组受精率、孵化率和畸形率

Tab. 1 Fertilization rate，hatching rate and deformity rate of E. lanceolatus (♀) × E. tukula (♂) and the control

组别	受精率	畸形率	孵化率
鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）	89.09%±0.08%^a	35.16%±5.05%^b	62.59%±10.70%^c
鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×鞍带石斑鱼（♂）	92.66%±1.68%^a	27.79%±2.50%^b	71.30%±2.50%^c
注：相同字母表示性状之间无显著性差异(n=3, P<0.05)。

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表 2 鞍带石斑鱼（♀）×蓝身大斑石斑鱼（♂）卵黄囊和油球的体积变化

Tab. 2 The volume change of yolk sac and oil absorption of E. lanceolatuss (♀) × E.tukula (♂)

日龄	全长/mm	卵黄囊长径/mm	卵黄囊短径/mm	油球直径/mm	卵黄囊体积/mm³	油球体积/mm³
受精卵	—	0.79±0.01	0.79±0.01	0.22±0.004^a4	0.255 7±0.016 6^a5	0.005 3±0.000 3^a6
0	1.59±0.02^a1	1.14±0.09^a2	0.55±0.01^a3	0.2±0.01^b4	0.180 4±0.014 6^b5	0.004 2±0.000 9^b6
1	2.46±0.01^b1	0.74±0.04^b2	0.28±0.04^b3	0.18±0.01^c4	0.030 3±0.008 5^c5	0.003 1±0.000 4^c6
2	2.59±0.01^c1	0.24±0.01^c2	0.18±0.01^c3	0.17±0.01^c4	0.008 6±0.000 1^d5	0.002 6±0.000 2^c6
3	2.62±0.01^c1	0.16±0.01^c2	0.15±0.01^d3	0.12±0.01^d4	0.001 9±0.000 01^d5	0.000 9±0.000 1^d6
4	2.63±0.05^cd1	0.15±0.01^c2	0.12±0.01^d3	0.11±0.01^d4	0.001 2±0.000 2^d5	0.000 7±0.000 2^de6
5	2.68±0.08^d1	0.13±0.05^c2	0.10±0.01^d3	0.05±0.01^e4	0.000 7±0.000 6^d5	0.000 1±0.000 006^e6
注：数值为平均数±标准差(n=6)；不同字母有显著性差异(n=10, P<0.05)。

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