Vertical distribution characteristics and influencing factors of suspended matter in the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole, South China Sea
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摘要: 为研究中国唯一已知、全球最深海洋蓝洞的形成、发育和演化机制，应用LISST-100X现场激光粒度仪、CTD温盐仪等搭载工作级水下机器人，于2017年5月在三沙永乐龙洞进行了悬浮体、温盐剖面测量，获得了全洞深的悬浮体体积浓度、温盐和溶解氧等数据，并进行了悬浮体垂向分布特征研究。研究结果表明，洞内90 m以下水体为无氧环境，悬浮体浓度呈现5个变化旋回，温度、盐度均存在3个跃层，并且它们之间有着较好的对应关系。龙洞内水体表层悬浮体总浓度约为20 μL/L，悬浮体平均浓度值为5.93 μL/L。悬浮体旋回层Ⅰ位于5 m以浅水层；旋回层Ⅱ位于10～43 m之间，与第一个温盐跃层(深度10～20 m)部分对应；旋回层Ⅲ位于70～110 m之间，与第二个温盐跃层(深度70～110 m)完全对应；旋回层Ⅳ位于130～150 m之间，与第三个温盐跃层(深度130～150 m)完全对应；旋回层Ⅴ位于260 m以深至洞底300 m。龙洞表层悬浮体浓度较高，主要是受到洞外周边珊瑚礁松散沉积物输入的影响。洞内悬浮体垂直分布特征主要受到水动力、洞体形态、温盐跃层、溶解氧含量以及浮游生物等的控制和影响。Abstract: In order to study the formation, development and evolutionary mechanism of the only known marine blue hole in China, also the deepest one in the world, we used the LISST-100X and CTD carried by remote operated vehicle for the measurement of suspended matter and the profile of temperature and salinity in the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in May 2017. We acquired the data of the volume concentration of suspended matter, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, then we conducted the study of the vertical distribution characteristics of suspended matter. The results indicate that the water below 90 m of the cave is anaerobic and the concentration of suspended matter presents 5 cycle changes. The results also indicate that there are three thermoclines and three haloclines in the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole, and there is a good correspondence between them. The total concentration of suspended matter in the surface water is about 20 μL/L, and the average concentration of suspended matter is 5.93 μL/L. CyclothemⅠlies at 5 m in shallow water layer; cyclothemⅡlies between 10 m and 43 m below the water surface, partially corresponding to the first thermocline and halocline water depth (10–20 m); cyclothem Ⅲ lies between 70 meters to 110 m at depth, completely corresponding to the second thermocline and halocline (water depth 70–110 m); cyclothem Ⅳ lies between 130 m to 150 m, completely corresponding to the third thermocline and halocline (water depth 130–150 m); cyclothemⅤlies in 260 m and then deep to 300 m. The suspended matter concentration on the surface is high, as is mainly affected by the sediment input from the surrounding coral reefs. The vertical distribution characteristics of suspended matter in the Sansha Yongle Blue Hole is mainly controlled and affected by hydrodynamic force, cave morphology, thermocline, halocline, dissolved oxygen content and plankton.
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Key words:
- Sansha Yongle Blue Hole /
- suspended matter /
- thermocline /
- halocline /
- vertical distribution /
- influencing factors
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图 2 永乐龙洞形态示意图（a）及其周边水深地形（b）
Fig. 2 Sketch of Yongle Blue Hole (a) and its surrounding water depth survey results (b)
图 3 温度、盐度、溶解氧浓度和悬浮体总浓度垂直分布
Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and suspended matter concentration
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