长江口表层沉积物重矿物在不同粒级中的分布与研究意义

王孟瑶; 金秉福; 岳伟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.009

长江口表层沉积物重矿物在不同粒级中的分布与研究意义

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.11.009

王孟瑶^{1, 2,},
金秉福^1, ,,
岳伟³

1.
鲁东大学海岸研究所/资源与环境工程学院，山东烟台 264025
2.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241
3.
江苏师范大学地理测绘与城乡规划学院，江苏徐州 221116

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41576057，41706048）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王孟瑶（1992—），女，山东省莒县人，研究方向为河口海岸过程分析与应用。E-mail：wmy1327@126.com

通讯作者:
金秉福（1963—），男，教授，主要从事海洋地质研究。E-mail：bfjin@126.com

中图分类号: P736.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-19
- 修回日期: 2018-12-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-11-25

Patterns of heavy mineral combination in different grain-size categories and their sedimentary significance: A case study for surfical sediments in the Changjiang River Estuary

Wang Mengyao^{1, 2
,},
Jin Bingfu^{1
, ,},
Yue Wei³

1.
Institute of Coast/School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
2.
State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3.
School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China

摘要

摘要: 在粒度分析基础上，以0.5Φ为间距对长江口表层沉积物的不同粒级分样进行碎屑重矿物分析，并对各粒级重矿物特征与广粒级(1.5Φ～6Φ)进行相似度分析。结果表明，长江口沉积物粒度跨度大，从粗砂到泥(黏土)均有分布，粉砂含量高。样内不同粒级分样重矿物含量、种类和组合均有一定变化，样间表现出较一致的规律性。长江口出现碎屑重矿物30种左右，粗粒级分样中矿物种数为10余种，细粒级分样中重矿物种类增至20多种；3.5Φ～4.5Φ是重矿物种类多、矿物成分复杂的粒级区段。粗粒级(粒径大于3Φ)云母族富集，其重矿物组合为云母+角闪石，随粒级变细(粒径小于4Φ)云母急剧减少；闪石族分布粒级广泛，在3Φ～5Φ粒级含量相对较高；帘石族、稳定矿物尤其是金属矿物在粒径小于3.5Φ粒级逐渐增多。长江口重矿物整体组合为普通角闪石+绿帘石+褐铁矿，榍石为特征矿物。相似度分析表明，长江口沉积物样品中主要粒级与广粒级重矿物特征相近，能代表沉积物整体重矿物特征。长江口碎屑重矿物特征深受粒度分布的影响，其矿物种类、矿物组合和矿物指数及其所蕴含的水动力和物源意义都要结合粒度特征来综合分析。
- 重矿物 /
- 广粒级 /
- 粒度分析 /
- 相似度分析 /
- 长江口
Abstract: On the basis of particle size analysis, heavy mineral analysis was carried out in different size fractions with a spacing of 0.5Φ of the Changjiang River Estuary surface sediment. Heavy mineral similarity value calculated between the each grain group and wide window grain size group (1.5Φ to 6Φ). The results show that the surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary have a large grain size span, ranging from coarse sand to mud, and the silt content is high. Intrasample variability of heavy mineral contents, species and compositions is ubiquitous, intersample variability has certain regularity. There are about 30 kinds of heavy minerals in the Changjiang River Estuary, about ten kinds of minerals in the coarse-grained fractions, the number of heavy minerals in fine-grained fractions has increased to more than twenty. 3.5Φ to 4.5Φ is a fraction with numerous and complex heavy minerals. Mica is rich in the coarse-grained grade (<3Φ), and the heavy mineral combination is mica+hornblende, but almost absent in fine grains of >4Φ. The amphibole group almost exist all range of grain sizes and the content is high in grain of 3Φ to 5Φ. Epidote group, stable minerals, and especially Fe-metallic minerals increase at fine grain of >3.5Φ. The heavy minerals combination is hornblende+epidote+limonite in the Changjiang River Estuary, sphene is the characteristic mineral. Similarity analysis shows that the main grain size and the wide grain size of the sediment have similarities in the characteristics of heavy minerals, which is the most suitable size for replacing the heavy minerals of the whole sediment. The heavy mineral characteristics are deeply affected by the particle size distribution in the Changjiang River Estuary. Mineral type, mineral combination and indice, and the hydrodynamic and provenance implications must be combined with the grain size analysis.
- heavy minerals /
- wide window strategy /
- grain size analysis /
- similarity /
- Changjiang River Estuary

HTML全文

图 1 长江口沉积物采样站位

Fig. 1 Changjiang River Estuary sediments sampling stations

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图 2 长江表层沉积物粒度频率分布与主要重矿物在不同粒级中的含量

FSC为粒度频率分布曲线，CJN3等为样品编号，短虚线对应Φ值为粒度平均值M_z，长虚线范围内为3Φ～4Φ传统矿物分析粒级区段，矿物百分含量为主要重矿物族类的颗粒百分比，粒级百分含量为不同粒级的重量百分比

Fig. 2 Grain-size content and major heavy minerals content in the multiple grains of the Changjiang River Estuary surface sediments

FSC is particle size frequency distribution curve, CJN3 et al are the sample numbers, the short dotted lines correspond Φ values for the average particle size (M_z), the long dotted line represents the traditional mineral analysis grain size (3Φ–4Φ), the percentage of mineral is the volume content of major heavy minerals, the percentage of grain size is the weight percentage of different grain size

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图 3 三端元矿物类在不同粒级的含量变化趋势

不稳定矿物包括：普通角闪石、阳起石、普通辉石、透辉石、紫苏辉石、黑云母、水黑云母；稳定矿物包括：锆石、金红石、电气石、石榴石、磷灰石、榍石；铁质金属矿物包括：钛铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿；图中小三角图以样品CJT2为例，其中圆圈大小代表颗粒粒径大小

Fig. 3 Trends of triad minerals at different particle sizes

Unstable minerals include hornblende, actinolite, augite, diopside, hypersthene, biotite, hydrobiotite; stable minerals include ziron, rutile, tourmaline, garnet, apatite, sphene; Fe-metallic minerals include ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, and lignite; small triangular chart takes the CJT2 as representative sample of the Changjiang River; the circle size represents the particle size

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表 1 长江口表层沉积物粒度参数

Tab. 1 Grain size parameters of the Changjiang River Estuary surface sediments

	CJG3	CJT2	CJT3	CJJ2	CJN1	CJN2	CJN3	CJN4	CJC4
平均粒径（Φ）	4.85	6.20	2.67	6.25	5.95	4.62	3.14	4.86	5.13
标准偏差	1.11	0.60	0.45	0.54	1.28	0.85	0.44	0.64	0.78
偏态	0.42	−0.28	0.61	−0.13	0.37	0.29	0.57	0.21	0.35
峰态	0.90	1.58	0.95	1.17	1.15	1.37	1.49	1.64	1.07

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表 2 长江口沉积物典型粒级主要重矿物含量及其矿物指数

Tab. 2 Major heavy minerals contents and mineral indexes of typical grain sizes sediments in the Changjiang River Estuary

样品编号	粒级范围（Φ）	粒级含量 /%	重矿物含量 /%	重矿物种类数	闪石族 /%	帘石族 /%	云母族 /%	铁质金属矿物类/%	稳定矿物类 /%	SM/UM	ZTR
CJT3	广粒级（1.5～5.0）	90.44	4.73	23	77.94	9.52	3.59	4.17	1.93	0.01	0.03
	优势粒级（2.0～2.5）	52.22	3.45	12	86.25	4.38	5.00	1.88	0.63	0.01	0.00
	次优粒级（<2.0）	22.99	0.73	9	49.85	2.48	41.18	5.57	0.00	0.00	0.00
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	2.62	36.58	19	63.93	17.56	0.00	10.56	5.06	0.04	2.10
CJN3	广粒级（2.0～6.0）	99.86	7.92	27	69.68	9.55	2.72	10.19	4.51	0.04	0.33
	优势粒级（2.5～3.0）	53.25	3.04	15	70.90	4.90	18.38	3.22	1.07	0.01	0.00
	次优粒级（3.5～4.0）	21.15	18.84	19	66.12	11.59	0.76	11.59	5.79	0.09	0.50
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	42.04	15.54	21	70.52	10.46	0.75	9.73	4.74	0.06	0.44
CJN2	广粒级（2.0～6.0）	89.26	4.55	25	56.29	15.12	2.95	15.12	4.98	0.11	1.33
	优势粒级（3.5～4.0）	32.28	5.40	20	71.09	8.79	4.47	7.60	2.53	0.03	0.15
	次优粒级（4.0～4.5）	18.72	7.48	18	51.29	19.48	1.43	16.91	4.58	0.09	0.29
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	34.27	5.62	20	68.14	10.34	3.99	9.44	2.79	0.03	0.20
CJG3	广粒级（1.5～6.0）	81.42	3.24	24	62.42	14.43	5.97	6.38	6.29	0.10	0.65
	优势粒级（3.5～4.0）	28.52	3.82	21	76.18	10.67	5.21	2.98	2.23	0.03	0.25
	次优粒级（4.0～4.5）	16.18	5.41	20	57.54	19.10	1.26	7.29	9.05	0.15	0.75
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	40.98	2.59	20	74.46	9.68	8.23	2.93	2.02	0.02	0.27
CJN4	广粒级（2.5～6.0）	91.52	2.00	26	59.74	18.39	5.10	7.52	4.13	0.13	0.71
	优势粒级（4.5～5.0）	40.76	3.47	25	52.89	22.99	1.69	9.03	8.60	0.16	0.85
	次优粒级（4.0～4.5）	22.41	0.95	16	63.54	14.36	3.59	7.73	3.87	0.06	0.00
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	9.60	1.36	15	57.15	4.52	28.86	5.15	1.19	0.01	0.00
CJC4	广粒级（2.0～6.0）	97.80	0.33	24	41.67	21.62	3.86	13.86	11.72	0.23	1.18
	优势粒级（4.0～4.5）	42.33	0.25	22	46.22	22.14	5.27	9.14	8.79	0.18	1.05
	次优粒级（5.0～6.0）	25.01	0.15	22	32.18	22.61	1.06	21.54	14.63	0.45	2.19
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	6.13	0.30	20	62.37	13.79	7.66	7.89	3.00	0.03	0.12
CJN1	广粒级（2.5～6.0）	58.97	1.40	24	48.93	19.86	3.42	13.92	8.43	0.20	0.91
	优势粒级（5.0～6.0）	28.84	0.38	17	26.94	22.60	0.00	28.32	15.30	0.57	2.74
	次优粒级（4.5～5.0）	22.44	4.29	21	55.45	18.28	3.30	10.06	8.22	0.05	0.00
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	2.32	1.86	19	60.50	7.68	9.54	17.88	2.55	0.05	0.00
CJT2	广粒级（1.5～6.0）	64.06	0.97	24	43.47	14.18	10.22	17.83	7.88	0.16	1.41
	优势粒级（5.0～6.0）	51.61	0.99	24	30.70	16.45	8.42	25.65	10.75	0.29	2.48
	次优粒级（4.0～4.5）	3.73	4.02	23	55.10	16.33	2.24	12.86	6.73	0.12	2.04
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	4.56	4.56	20	67.67	8.87	10.88	6.09	3.10	0.04	0.58
CJJ2	广粒级（1.5～6.0）	63.43	0.73	23	37.31	24.54	5.09	18.08	9.87	0.16	0.40
	优势粒级（5.0～6.0）	48.82	1.14	22	33.61	26.11	3.89	19.72	10.83	0.29	0.56
	次优粒级（4.0～4.5）	7.61	1.58	21	53.26	23.37	2.72	10.87	7.34	0.24	1.18
	常用粒级（3.0～4.0）	1.62	1.77	18	43.88	3.81	38.83	10.34	1.37	0.01	0.14
注：表中广粒级粒级含量是指各个分粒级累计含量；广粒级重矿物含量是指各个分粒级重矿物含量加权值；SM/UM为稳定矿物/不稳定矿物的比值，ZTR为锆石、电气石、金红石所占颗粒百分含量之和，代表重矿物的成熟度。

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表 3 长江口典型样品重矿物相似度分析

Tab. 3 Analysis of heavy mineral similarity of typical samples in the Changjiang River Estuary

样品/广粒级(Φ)	优势粒级(Φ)/相似度	次优粒级(Φ)/相似度	常用粒级(Φ)/相似度
CJT3/1.5～5.0	2.0～2.5/0.996	<2/0.853	3.0～4.0/0.982
CJN3/2.0～6.0	2.5～3.0/0.980	3.5～4.0/0.998	3.0～4.0/1.000
CJN2/2.0～6.0	3.5～4.0/0.985	4.0～4.5/0.992	3.0～4.0/0.991
CJG3/1.5～6.0	3.5～4.0/0.993	4.0～4.5/0.982	3.0～4.0/0.988
CJN4/2.0～6.0	4.5～5.0/0.988	4.0～4.5/0.997	3.0～4.0/0.920
CJC4/2.0～6.0	4.0～4.5/0.991	5.0～6.0/0.950	3.0～4.0/0.946
CJN1/2.0～6.0	5.0～6.0/0.886	4.5～5.0/0.994	3.0～4.0/0.950
CJT2/1.5～6.0	5.0～6.0/0.955	4.0～4.5/0.949	3.0～4.0/0.880
CJJ2/1.5～6.0	5.0～6.0/0.994	4.5～5.0/0.954	3.0～4.0/0.722

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