Sedimentary processes of central South Yellow Sea since the mid-Holocene based on grain size and organic matter indexes
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摘要: 海陆交互作用下的南黄海沉积环境复杂，其沉积机制一直是古海洋研究的重点和难点。本文以取自南黄海中部泥质区的Z1岩心为载体，对196个样品的粒度和整体有机质指标(TOC、TN、TOC/TN和δ13Corg)进行了详细分析，并对5个层位进行AMS14C年龄测定，分辨率高达11 a/cm。研究结果显示，6.1 ka BP以来南黄海中部沉积过程可分为3个阶段：(1) 6.1～5.2 ka BP，沉积物粒度较粗，以残留砂和陆源粗粒物质为主，有机质含量较低且主要为陆源输入，本阶段多受东亚季风强盛的影响，动荡海洋环境下有机质保存效率低，大量陆源输入冲淡作用显著；(2) 5.2～3.9 ka BP，沉积物粒度变细且波动较大，有机质呈增加趋势且以海源为主，主要受东亚冬季风减弱的影响，海源有机质含量增加，与黄海暖流影响增强有关；(3) 3.9～0 ka BP，沉积物粒度最细且相对稳定，有机质含量继续增加，直至1.9 ka BP趋于稳定，主要受现代环流系统和东亚冬季风影响。结果表明，南黄海粒度和整体有机质指标变化过程复杂，显示中全新世以来南黄海中部泥质区沉积环境演化的复杂性。本研究获得了南黄海高分辨率的沉积环境演化记录，不仅为沉积机制研究提供更多数据支撑，还可为区域古气候和古海洋演化提供关键的指示证据。Abstract: The sedimentary environment of the South Yellow Sea (SYS) is complex under the interaction of sea and land. It has always been the focus and difficulty for sedimentary mechanism researches. In this study, multi-index records, including 196 samples of grain size and bulk organic matter indexes (TOC, TN, TOC/TN, and δ13Corg) of a gravity Core Z1 from the central South Yellow Sea mud area were obtained. Five layers of AMS14C age were determined and the highest resolution was 11 a/cm. Our results reveal that the sedimentary processes of central SYS since 6.1 ka BP could be generally divided into three stages: (1) During 6.1–5.2 ka BP, the sediments had the coarsest mean grain size and were mainly residual sand and terrestrial coarse-grained matters, the content of organic matter was very low and primarily terrigenous materials. The variation of mean grain size and organic matter content were both influenced by strong East Asian Monsoon. The low preservation efficiency of organic matter in turbulent marine environment and the remarkable dilution effect of large quantity of terrestrial input were other reasons for lower organic content. (2) During 5.2–3.9 ka BP, the sediment mean grain size was thinner with fluctuating amplitude, the organic matter was increasing and mainly marine materials. They were concerned with weakening East Asian Winter Monsoon. The increase of marine organic matter was related to the increasing influence of Yellow Sea Warm Current. (3) Since 3.9 ka BP, the mean grain size of the sediments was the smallest and relatively constant, the organic matter content was continuously increased to 1.9 ka BP, and then stabilize. They were chiefly controlled by the modern circulation system and East Asian Winter Monsoon. The mean grain size and the overall organic matter indexes explain the complexity of sedimentary environment evolution of the central South Yellow Sea mud area. High-resolution records of sedimentary environment evolution obtained in this study could provide data for sedimentary mechanism researches, moreover, which have certain instruction significance on paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the SYS.
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图 3 Z1岩心TOC含量、TN含量、TOC/TN、δ13Corg、粒度以及沉积速率的变化
黑线为TOC含量、TN含量、δ13Corg和粒度的3点平滑曲线以及TOC/TN的5点平滑曲线
Fig. 3 The variation of total carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ratio of TOC and TN, organic carbon isotopic composition (δ13Corg), mean grain size, and sediment rate in Core Z1
Three points moving average lines of TOC, TN, δ13Corg and mean grain size, and five points moving average line of TOC/TN
图 4 6.1 ka BP以来Z1岩心沉积环境变化与东亚季风的关系
a.太阳总辐照度[43]；b.北大西洋浮冰[44]；c.H07重建的南黄海东亚季风记录[42]；d.Dongge石笋DA的δ18O时间序列[45]；e.δ13Corg含量；f.C/N；g.TOC含量；h.平均粒径；i.沉积速率；虚线表示分为4个阶段
Fig. 4 The relationship of the sediment environment evolution with East Asian Monsoon revealed by Core Z1 during 6.1-0 ka BP
a. Total solar irradiance[43]; b. Holocene record of drift ice in the North Atlantic[44]; c. reconstruction of East Asian Winter Monsoon from H07 of South Yellow Sea[42]; d. δ18O time series of the Dongge Cave stalagmite DA[45]; e. δ13Corg; f. TOC/TN; g. TOC; h. mean grain size; i. sediment rate. The dotted lines indicate four phases
图 5 Z1岩心沉积物中TOC和TN的相关关系
Fig. 5 Correlation of TOC and TN contents in the sediments of Core Z1
表 1 南黄海中部泥质区Z1岩心AMS14C测年数据
Tab. 1 AMS14C data of Core Z1 in the central mud area of South Yellow Sea
层位
/cm材料 AMS14C年龄
/a BP误差
/a1σ校正年龄中值
/cal a BP29～30 有孔虫+贝壳 2 120 ±30 1 867±66 81～82 有孔虫+贝壳 2 910 ±30 2 825±66 120 贝壳 3 920 ±30 4 091±66 160 碳屑+纤维素 5 160 ±30 5 664±66 196 碳屑+纤维素 5 550 ±30 6 094±66 
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