短生命周期海洋涡旋的时空分布特征

徐茗; 陈戈; 彭琳

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.09.009

短生命周期海洋涡旋的时空分布特征

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.09.009

徐茗^1,,
陈戈^{1, 2},
彭琳^1, ,

1.
中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266100
2.
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1401008）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目（2018ASKJ01）；国家自然科学基金（41527901）。

详细信息

作者简介:
徐茗（1996—），女，四川省广元市人，从事海洋遥感及海洋地理信息系统相关研究。E-mail：xuming_ouc@163.com

通讯作者:
彭琳，博士生，主要从事海洋大数据挖掘相关研究。E-mail：penglin_1993@163.com

中图分类号: P731.16
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-31
- 修回日期: 2019-05-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-25

Temporal and spatial properties of short-life oceanic eddies

Xu Ming^1
,,
Chen Ge^{1, 2},
Peng Lin^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 中尺度涡旋在海洋中分布广泛，是海洋动力、营养物质等混合和输运的重要途径。统计发现海洋中超过80%的涡旋生命周期不超过1个月，属于本文定义的短生命周期涡旋。本研究采用统计、对比等方法，对全球尺度，较短生命周期涡旋的时空分布特征进行了分析。研究表明，短生命周期涡旋与大洋中环流系统密切相关，其最易发生在暖流和寒流的交汇处以及运动方向相反的两种环流的交汇处，且在除30°S～30°N的热带地区外均表现为气旋式略多于反气旋式。低纬地区，短生命周期涡旋在每年的冷季数量较多，而高纬地区与之相反。除存在大规模东向环流的海域，短生命周期涡旋一般向西迁移，同时气旋式涡旋略倾向于赤道偏转，反气旋式略倾向于极地偏转。短生命周期涡旋的平均位移和平均迁移速率呈相似的赤道对称分布规律。
- 中尺度涡旋 /
- 短生命周期 /
- 时空特征 /
- 迁移
Abstract: Mesoscale eddies are widely distributed in the ocean and play a significant role in the mixing and transporting of momentum and nutrients. Statistics suggest that more than 80% eddies’ lifetime are less than 1 month, belonging to the defined “short-life eddies” in this paper. This design adopt statistics and comparison, commit to having a earlier reasearch of global scale, short-life eddies. Results show that short-life eddies have a close correlation with ocean current. The most productive places for short-life eddies are those where warm and cold currents or two currents with opposite directions meet, and except in tropical areas of 30°S–30°N, the short-life eddies in other areas have a slight preference for cyclonic. Seasons with low temperature are favorable for short-life eddies in low latitudes, while seasons with high temperature are favorable in high latitudes. Short-life eddies tend to propagate westward in most of areas, however, they notable propagate eastward in eastward currents areas. Meridional deflection is quite messy, but with a tiny preference for equatorward and poleward deflections of cyclones and anticyclones, respectively. The distribution of average displacement and propagation velocity have similar regulation.
- mesoscale eddies /
- short-life /
- spatial and temporal properties /
- propagation

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图 1 短生命周期涡旋数量

蓝色实线代表气旋式涡旋数量，红色实线代表反气旋式涡旋数量，蓝色虚线代表1993–2015年气旋式涡旋平均数量，红色虚线代表 1993–2015年反气旋式涡旋平均数量

Fig. 1 Numbers of short-life eddies

Blue solid line for numbers of cyclones, red solid line for numbers of anticyclones, blue dotted line for average number of cyclones from 1993 to 2015, red dotted line for average number of anticyclones from 1993 to 2015

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图 2 不同纬度带海域逐月产生短生命周期涡旋数量

蓝线代表气旋式涡旋数量，红线代表反气旋式涡旋数量。以涡旋产生时间、产生地点计数各个月份、各纬度带涡旋数量

Fig. 2 Short-life eddy numbers of different months or latitudes

Blue line for numbers of cyclones, red line for numbers of anticyclones. Eddy numbers counted by when and where it generated

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 涡旋全球发生地分布

a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋发生地分布。采用5°×5°经纬度格网，颜色柱代表每个格网中产生的涡旋数量占全球产生的涡旋总数百分比

Fig. 3 Generated distribution of eddies

a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones generated distribution, respectively. Using 5°×5° grid, color bar represents the percentage of eddies in each grid to total number

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 涡旋全球消散地分布

a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋消散地分布。采用5°×5°经纬度格网，颜色柱代表每个格网中消散的涡旋数量占全球消散的涡旋总数百分比

Fig. 4 Dissipated distribution of eddies

a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones dissipated distribution, respectively. Using 5°×5° grid, color bar represents the percentage of eddies in each grid to total number

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图 5 涡旋纬向迁移

每个蓝、红点分别代表1条向西、向东迁移涡旋的发生地。a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋纬向迁移

Fig. 5 Zonal propagation of eddies

Each blue or red dot represents the generated place for eddies of westward or eastward propagation, respectively. a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones zonal propagation, respectively

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 涡旋经向偏转

每个蓝、红点分别代表1条向极地、赤道偏转涡旋的发生地。a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋经向偏转

Fig. 6 Meridional propagation of eddies

Each blue or red dot represents the generated place for eddies of poleward or equatorward propagation, respectively. a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones meridional propagation, respectively

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 涡旋位移

a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋位移量。采用5°×5°经纬度格网，颜色柱代表格网中单个所有涡旋的平均位移量，以涡旋发生地计数单个格网中涡旋数量

Fig. 7 Eddy displacement

a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones generated displacement, respectively. Using 5°×5° grid, color bar represents the average displacement of each grid, eddy number in each grid is counted by its generation place

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 涡旋迁移速率

a–d分别表示短生命周期气旋式、短生命周期反气旋式、长生命周期气旋式、长生命周期反气旋式涡旋速率。采用5°×5°经纬度格网，颜色柱代表单个格网中所有涡旋的平均迁移速率，以涡旋发生地计数单个格网中涡旋数量

Fig. 8 Eddy velocity

a–d represent short-life cyclones, short-life anticyclones, long-life cyclones, and long-life anticyclones velocity, respectively. Using 5°×5° grid, color bar represents the average velocity of each grid, eddy number in each grid is counted by its generation place

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同生命周期涡旋数量

Tab. 1 Eddy numbers of different lifetime

涡旋极性	短生命周期（0～30 d）数量/个	长生命周期 (>180 d)数量/个	总量/个
气旋式	1 554 661	22 222	1 924 032
反气旋式	1 535 103	22 083	1 888 986

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同年际西、东向迁移涡旋所占比例

Tab. 2 Percentage of westward and eastward eddies in different years

旋涡类型	年际	西向/%	东向/%
气旋式涡旋	1993–1998年短生命周期	64.2	35.8
	1999–2004年短生命周期	64.0	36.0
	2005–2010年短生命周期	63.9	36.1
	2011–2015年短生命周期	63.5	36.5
	1993–2015年长生命周期	74.7	25.3
反气旋式涡旋	1993–1998年短生命周期	64.8	35.2
	1999–2004年短生命周期	64.8	35.2
	2005–2010年短生命周期	64.7	35.3
	2011–2015年短生命周期	64.5	35.5
	1993–2015年长生命周期	77.1	22.9

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表 3 不同年际分别向赤道、向极地偏转涡旋所占比例

Tab. 3 Percentage of equatorward and poleward eddies in different years

涡旋类型	年际	向赤道方向/%	向极地方向/%
气旋式涡旋	1993–1998年短生命周期	50.5	49.5
	1999–2004年短生命周期	50.6	49.4
	2005–2010年短生命周期	50.5	49.5
	2011–2015年短生命周期	50.7	49.3
	1993–2015年长生命周期	56.8	43.2
反气旋式涡旋	1993–1998年短生命周期	49.9	50.1
	1999–2004年短生命周期	49.9	50.1
	2005–2010年短生命周期	49.8	50.2
	2011–2015年短生命周期	49.9	50.1
	1993–2015年长生命周期	64.8	35.2

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表 4 不同年际涡旋平均位移

Tab. 4 Average displacement of eddies in different years

年际	气旋式涡旋位移/km	反气旋式涡旋位移/km
1993–1998年短生命周期涡旋	51.69	52.63
1999–2004年短生命周期涡旋	51.64	52.83
2005–2010年短生命周期涡旋	51.30	52.52
2011–2015年短生命周期涡旋	49.96	51.42
1993–2015年长生命周期涡旋	583.16	545.72
注：涡旋位移定义为涡旋发生地到消散地之间的直线距离。

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表 5 不同年际涡旋平均迁移速率

Tab. 5 Average velocity of eddies in different years

年际	气旋式涡旋迁移速率/km·d^–1	反气旋式涡旋迁移速率/km·d^–1
1993–1998年短生命周期涡旋	7.58	7.69
1999–2004年短生命周期涡旋	7.58	7.72
2005–2010年短生命周期涡旋	7.55	7.68
2011–2015年短生命周期涡旋	7.35	7.51
1993–2015年长生命周期涡旋	2.18	1.97
注：涡旋迁移速率定义为涡旋位移与其存活天数之比。

下载: 导出CSV

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