长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间

朱建荣; 吕行行

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.06.002

长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.06.002

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200241;华东师范大学崇明生态研究院, 上海 200241

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41476077，41676083）；上海市教委高峰学科"岛屿大气与生态"项目。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-02
- 修回日期: 2019-06-19

The longest continuous days unsuitable for water intake of the lower Biandan Shoal in the Changjiang River Estuary

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 长江河口已建成陈行水库、青草沙水库和东风西沙水库，提供了约80%的上海用水。但随着社会和经济的发展，用水缺口仍然存在。下扁担沙位于南北港分汊口上游，大潮落潮期间滩涂露出。本文利用研究组长期研发和应用的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式，计算在1978-1979年特枯径流量条件下该水域的盐水入侵和连续最长不宜取水时间，了解下扁担沙水域能否作为备用水源地。本文采用2017年2月19日到3月1日北支8个站位的观测资料，结果表明表层和底层盐度模拟值和实测值之间相关系数、均方根误差和技术分数的平均值分别为0.85、1.82和0.82，模式计算盐度和实测值吻合良好，能较好地模拟长江河口盐水入侵。模式计算表明，下扁担沙模式输出点最长连续不宜取水时间为13.79 d，盐水入侵在大潮后期和大潮后中潮主要源自上游北支倒灌，小潮后中潮主要源自下游正面入侵，且前者影响比后者大。能取水时段就出现在小潮后中潮，淡水是南支上游南侧随落潮流平流过来的。下扁担沙水域的最长连续不宜取水时间远比青草沙水库和东风西沙水库的短，表明下扁担沙水域淡水资源远比南支上游和下游水域充足，是个极为优越的备用水源地。
- 长江河口 /
- 盐水入侵 /
- 下扁担沙 /
- 最长连续不宜取水时间 /
- 数值计算
Abstract: The Chenhang Reservoir, Qingcaosha Reservoir and Dongfengxisha Reservoir have been built in the Changjiang River Estuary, which supply about 80% freshwater for Shanghai. With social and economic development, there is still insufficiency of water supply in Shanghai. The lower Biandan Shoal is located at the upstream of bifurcation between the North Chanel and South Chanel, which reveals wet sand during ebb in spring tide. We applied the 3 dimension numerical model of saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary which is developed and applied by the authors' research group for long term, and calculated the longest continuous not suitable take water times in the case of the extremely low river discharge in 1978-1979 to know whether the lower Biandan Shoal can be as a reserve water resource. The model was validated with the observed data at the 8 sites in the North Branch from February 19 to March 1, 2017. The results show that the mean correlation coefficients, root-mean-square error and skill scores for comparison of modelled and observed surface and bottom salinity are 0.85, 1.82 and 0.82, respectively, indicating that the calculated salinity agrees well with the observed data, and the model can preferably simulate the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary. The model calculation shows that the longest continuous not suitable take water times at the model output site in the lower Biandan Shoal is 13.79 d, the source of saltwater intrusion is mainly from the upstream saltwater spilling over from the North Branch into the South Branch during the later spring tide and middle tide after spring tide, and the downstream saltwater intruding directly from the sea during the middle tide after neap tide, and the former influence is greater than the latter one. The duration in which the freshwater can be taken just occurs during the middle tide after neap tide, which is advected by ebb current along the southern side of the South Branch. The longest continuous not suitable take water times at the lower Biandan Shoal is greatly shorter than the ones at the Qingcaosha Reservoir and Dongfengxisha Reservoir, meaning that the freshwater resource at the lower Biandan Shoal is more sufficient than the ones at the upstream and downstream of the South Branch, and is an excellent reserve water resource.
- Changjiang Estuary /
- saltwater intrusion /
- lower Biandan Shoal /
- the longest continuous days unsuitable for water intake /
- numerical calculation

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