海洋对热带气旋风应力响应的准平衡解析解

赵艳玲; 邓冰; 张铭; 刘赛赛; 胡冬

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.06.001

海洋对热带气旋风应力响应的准平衡解析解

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.06.001

1.
中国人民解放军 31010部队, 北京 100081
2.
北京应用气象研究所, 北京 100029
3.
国防科技大学气象海洋学院, 江苏南京 211101

基金项目: 北极阁开放研究基金——南京大气科学联合研究中心（NJCAR2018ZD03）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-11
- 修回日期: 2018-10-26

The quasi-balanced analytical solution of ocean response to wind stress of tropical cyclone

1.
The PLA. 31010 Units, Beijing 100081, China
2.
The Beijing Applied Meteorology Institute, Beijing 100029, China
3.
Meteorological and Oceanographic College, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China

摘要

摘要: 为考察海洋上层各物理量对热带气旋风应力的响应问题，本文利用海洋线性化约化重力方程组开展了解析研究，所得主要结论如下：求解该问题使用跟随热带气旋中心移动的极坐标较为方便，当热带气旋风应力在热带气旋云墙内即热带气旋眼中为静止，在云墙处及之外随该极坐标半径增加而成反比衰减时，可求得该问题在此极坐标系中的定常解析解，该解强度与风应力成正比；解的流场在热带气旋云墙内为静止，在云墙处及之外呈现有向外流出的气旋式涡旋形态，且随极坐标半径增加而衰减。在云墙之外离云墙较近处，解的切向流速大于径向流速，在更远处则反之。解的径向流与热带气旋切向风应力平衡，切向流是梯度流，流动呈水平无辐散状态。在热带气旋眼中以及云墙处，海洋上层的厚度不变，且达到最小值。从云墙向外则厚度值逐渐增加。厚度值的变化反映了密度跃层的变化，在厚度值最小处附近，跃层位置有明显抬升，这会造成跃层附近海水涌升，从而海洋上层的响应涡旋是冷性的。略去海洋上层对热带气旋移动的响应，将此移动极坐标系中的解返回到固定坐标系后，则解的空间分布形态不变，但由定常解转变为非定常解，且随热带气旋一起移动；此解最重要的物理性质是其具有准平衡性，这与非平衡的近惯性振荡与重力惯性内波有本质区别。
- 热带气旋 /
- 风应力 /
- 海洋响应 /
- 准平衡解析解 /
- 约化重力模型
Abstract: To research the response of the sea surface to the tropical cyclone (TC) wind stress, the paper researches the ocean linear reduced gravity equations. Here are the conclusions:It's more convenient to use the polar coordinates which move with the typhoon when research the ocean response to the TC wind stress. The TC wind stress is static inside the typhoon cloud wall, decrease with the increase of the radius of the polar coordinates in an inverse proportion outside the cyclone cloud wall. In the polar coordinates, the response has a constant analytical special solution. The strength has a proportional relation with the wind stress. The constant special solution is static inside the cloud wall. It presents a form of a cyclone out the cloud wall. The solution decreases when radius of the polar coordinates increases. At the position which is not far out of the cloud wall, the tangential current is larger than the radial current. The radial current is larger than the tangential current away from the cloud wall. The radial current is balance with the tangential wind stress of TC. The tangential current is a gradient current. The current is horizontal no divergence. Inside the eye of TC and the cloud wall, the thickness of the upper ocean reaches its minimum. Its value won't change. The value increases out the cloud wall. The change of the thickness reflects the change of a pycnocline. At the minimum or small position of the value, the pycnocline evidently increases, which will cause the upwelling of the seawater near the pycnocline. The response cyclone is cold. Ignore the response of the surface to the movement of the tropical cyclone, and move the solution in the polar coordinate to a stable coordinate, the spatial distribution of the solution won't change. The constant special solution changes to an inconstant solution, and moves the tropical cyclone. The most important physical property of the solution is quasi-balanced, which essentially distinguishes from near inertial oscillations and gravitational internal waves.
- tropical cyclone /
- wind stress /
- ocean response /
- quasi-balanced analytical solution /
- reduced gravity model

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