2017年9月8日墨西哥沿岸<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>8.2级地震海啸观测数据分析与模拟

孙立宁; 于福江; 王培涛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.05.004

2017年9月8日墨西哥沿岸M_w8.2级地震海啸观测数据分析与模拟

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.05.004

1.
国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081
2.
国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;海洋灾害预报技术研究国家海洋局重点实验室, 北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1407000，2016YFC1401500）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-05-07

Numerical simulation and observation analysis of Mexico M_W8.2 earthquake tsunami on 8 September, 2017

1.
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China
2.
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 2017年9月8日4时49分（UTC），墨西哥瓦哈卡州沿岸海域（15.21°N，93.64°W）发生M_w8.2级地震，震源深度30 km。强震在该海域引发海啸，海啸对震源附近数百千米范围内造成了严重影响。位于太平洋上的多个海啸监测网络捕捉到了海啸信号并详细记录了此次海啸的传播过程。本文选用了近场2个DART浮标和6个验潮站的水位数据，通过潮汐调和分析和滤波分离出海啸信号，对近场海啸特征值进行了统计分析，并采用小波变换分析方法进一步分析了海啸的波频特征。基于Okada弹性位错理论断层模型计算得到了强震引发的海底形变分布，并采用MOST海啸模式对本次海啸事件近场传播特征进行了模拟，模拟结果与观测吻合较好。最后，基于实测和模拟结果，详细分析了此次地震海啸的近场分布特征，发现除受海啸源的强度和几何分布特征影响外，近岸海啸波还主要受地形特征控制，在与特定地形相互作用后波幅产生放大效应，会进一步加剧海啸造成的灾害。
- 地震海啸 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 海啸波
Abstract: On September 8, 2017, at 4:49 (UTC) a magnitude M_w8.2 earthquake took place off the coast of Oaxaca State, Mexico, focal depth of 30 km. Meanwhile, the earthquake triggered moderate intensity tsunami. The tsunami impacted hundreds of kilometers of the coast of Mexico. Tsunami waves were subsequently recorded by Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) buoys in the Pacific Ocean and tide gauges off the coast. In this paper, we apply observational data of 2 DART buoys and 6 tide gauges, and isolate the tsunami waves from boservational data by de-tiding and filtering method, and futher analyze the frequency characteristics of the tsunami waves by wavelet analysis. To compute the co-seismic deformation, we employ the half space elastic theory, and then we analyze the near-field characteristics of this tsunami by numerical simulation with MOST (Method Of Splitting Tsunamis) model. The results based on the observational and simulation data show that, apart from the magnitude and geometric distribution of the earthquake, near-field tsunami waves are mainly controlled by topographic distribution off the coast. Especially, the amplitude of tsunami waves may have amplification effect when interacting with specific topography, which will cause much more damage of the tsunami.
- earthquake tsunami /
- numerical simulation /
- tsunami wave

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