台湾以东黑潮沉积物中的生源要素对近千年来气候环境变化的响应

王启栋; 宋金明; 袁华茂; 李学刚; 李宁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.005

台湾以东黑潮沉积物中的生源要素对近千年来气候环境变化的响应

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.02.005

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东青岛 266071
2.
中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266237;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心, 山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 深海专项"深海典型生境生物多样性与生态系统"（2016ASKJ14）；山东省-国家基金委联合基金（U1606404）；中国科学院创新先导专项项目（XDA11020102）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-05-08
- 修回日期: 2018-07-29

Biogenic elements in the sediments of Kuroshio, eastern of Taiwan, and their responses to climatic and environmental changes over the past millennium

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Marine Ecology and Environment Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Marine Ecology and Environment Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 基于台湾以东黑潮主流系沉积物中碳、氮、磷等生源要素指标的变化，在沉积物年代学的基础上，探讨了近千年来气候环境变化在黑潮沉积物中的历史记录。结果表明，近千年来台湾以东、琉球岛弧南侧斜坡的黑潮主流区平均沉积速率可达34.2 cm/ka，据其变化可大致分成的3个沉积阶段，与中世纪暖期、小冰期和现代暖期的划分基本一致。沉积物中碳以无机碳为主，总无机碳（TIC）的含量从1850年开始逐渐增大并伴随剧烈波动，恰好与大气CO₂水平的快速升高相对应；总有机碳（TOC）含量的变化则与东亚夏季风强度的变化关系密切，在夏季风较弱的小冰期其含量明显高于夏季风较强的中世纪暖期和现代暖期，这是由于较弱的夏季风有利于亚洲大陆风尘的产生和向海输送，从而促进了研究海域的初级生产力。1850年以来，沉积物中的C∶N∶P逐渐从低于转变为高于Redfield比，反映了上层水体营养盐结构从氮缺乏到氮充足的转变，这与近现代以来急剧增加的全球氮排放密切相关。总体来说，黑潮主流系沉积物中的生源要素指标，明确记录和响应了近千年来的气候环境变化，尤其是近150多年以来不断加剧的人类活动所造成的气候环境剧变。
- 生源要素 /
- 气候时期 /
- 环境变化 /
- 沉积记录 /
- 黑潮
Abstract: Based on the sediment dating, we studied the historical changes of biogenic elements, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, in the sediment of Kuroshio mainstream, east of Taiwan, and investigated the sedimentary record of climatic and environmental changes for nearly one thousand years. The results show that the sedimentation rate of Kuroshio mainstream, east of Taiwan and south slope of Ryukyu Arc, is up to 34.2 cm/ka. Three stages could be roughly divided according to the sedimentation rates, which are basically the same with the division of Medieval Warm Period (MWP), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Current Warm Period (CWP). The carbon in the sediment is mainly inorganic, and the total inorganic carbon (TIC) gradually increases with great variation from 1850 AD, which exactly corresponds to the rapid rise of atmospheric CO₂. The variation of total organic carbon (TOC), however, is closely related to the change of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) intensity. The EASM was weaker in LIA than in MWP and CWP, meanwhile the TOC content of the sediment in LIA is higher. That is because weaker EASM is conducive to the generation and transportation of wind dust from the Asian continent, which could supply nutrients and promote the primary productivity of relevant seas. From 1850 AD, the C:N:P ratios in the sediment gradually increases to higher than the Redfield ratio, which means the nutrient structure changed from N-depleted to N-abundant. This change is closely related to the rapid increase of nitrogen emissions in modern times. Overall, the biogenic indexes in the Kuroshio mainstream sediment clearly record and well respond to the climatic and environmental changes over the past millennium, especially the drastic environmental change caused by intensive human activities over the past 150 a.
- biogenic elements /
- climatic periods /
- environmental changes /
- sedimentary record /
- Kuroshio

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