琼东南盆地北礁凹陷梅山组单向迁移水道特征及成因探讨

李俞锋

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.01.008

琼东南盆地北礁凹陷梅山组单向迁移水道特征及成因探讨

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.01.008

李俞锋

西南科技大学环境与资源学院, 四川绵阳 621010;自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室, 广东广州 510075;西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069

基金项目: 自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室开放基金（KLMMR-2018-B-07）；西南科技大学自然科学基金（18zx7119）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-06-02
- 修回日期: 2017-10-13

The characteristics and origin of unidirectionally migrating channels of Meishan Formation in the Beijiao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

Li Yufeng

School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510075, China;State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China

摘要

摘要: 深水区重力流与底流交互作用的过程、响应及动力学机制是海洋沉积学研究的前沿和薄弱环节。本文通过三维地震资料，在深水区北礁凹陷南西部梅山组发现多条相间分布的长条形顺直强振幅水道，垂直于西沙隆起（南部隆起）北斜坡走向，向南西方向单向迁移，水道具有南西陡（凹岸或陡岸）北东缓（凸岸或缓岸）的特征，该类水道分为侵蚀界面和水道砂-堤岸泥过渡复合体系两个单元，侵蚀界面在凹岸的削截反射明显多于凸岸，水道砂-堤岸泥过渡复合体振幅强度由凹岸强振幅逐渐过渡为凸岸弱振幅。分析认为，该类水道发育于中中新世半深海环境，不同于向底流下游方向单向迁移的峡谷，它们向底流上游方向发生单向迁移，并提出其成因模式：前期来自南部的浊流下切形成负向地貌单元（水道），底流对这一地貌单元进行改造，形成迎流面缓（凸岸）背流面陡（凹岸）的地貌，同时驱使浊流上部顺底流方向偏移，形成溢岸浊流沉积，致凹岸沉积速率低，凸岸沉积速率高，这样就迫使水道逆底流方向偏移。沉积物源、中层水相关底流、古气候和海平面的变化、北礁凸起古地形控制是该区单向迁移强振幅水道发育的因素。本研究在南海首次发现这种向底流上游方向单向迁移的水道，是底流与重力流交互作用的新型类型，对古海洋、古气候研究，深水油气勘探有着重要的意义，希望引起地质学家的重视。
- 北礁凹陷 /
- 底流与浊流交互作用 /
- 单向迁移水道
Abstract: Process, response and hydrodynamic mechanism of the interaction between turbidity flows and bottom currents are the frontier and weak research of marine sedimentology. Based on 3D seismic data, in this paper, the author found that the evenly spaced unidirectionally migrating channels (UMCs) appear in the Meishan Formation in southwest Beijiao Sag. The results show that unidirectional migration channels with high amplitude are developed in bathyal environment and turbidity flows from South Uplift cut and result in negative geomorphic unit, i.e., channels. These channels are divided into two units of erosional surface (ES) and channel sand-levee mud complexs (CS-LMCs). Trucation reflections under ES on the steep bank are more obvious than the counterparts on the gentle bank. Amplitude of CS-LMCs from steep bank to gentle bank gradually become to weak. Different to unidirectional migration canyons, these channels migrated to the opposite flow direction of bottom current, upstream of bottom current, in the Mid-Miocene. The author proposed the conceptional model of UMCs:channels resulted from turbidity-flow incisions are reshaped by bottom currents, resulting in steep bank corresponding to upsteam of bottom currents and gentle bank corresponding to downsteam of bottom currents. Meanwhile, bottom currents deflect the upper party of turbidity to flow towards gentle bank, which results in higher and lower deposit rate in gentle bank and steep bank, respectively. In this circumstance, the channels persistently migrate towards the upsteam of bottom currents. South Uplift provenance, bottom current associated with intermediate water in South China Sea, paleoclimate and sea-level fluctuation, and paleotopography of Beijiao Uplift are main control factors for unidirectional channel migration. We first found that unidirectionally migrating channels with high amplitude were a novel new type of interaction between turbidity flow and bottom current, which is of great significance to paleocean, paleoclimate, and exploration for oil and gas and gives importance to geologist.
- Beijiao Sag /
- interaction between bottom current and turbidity flow /
- unidirectionally migrating channels

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