热带印度洋降水、蒸发的时空特征及其对海表盐度的影响

许金电; 高璐

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.07.008

热带印度洋降水、蒸发的时空特征及其对海表盐度的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.07.008

许金电,
高璐

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋动力学实验室, 福建厦门 361005

基金项目: 科技基础资源调查专项（2017FY201402）；全球变化与海气相互作用专项（GASI-IPOVAI-02，GASI-IPOVAI-03）；国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（海三科201712）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC1401003）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-30
- 修回日期: 2017-12-14

The temporal-spatial features of evaporation and precipitation and the effect on sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean

Xu Jindian,
Gao Lu

Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China

摘要

摘要: 本文利用降水、蒸发等资料分析热带印度洋年降水量、蒸发量、净淡水通量的分布特征，并选取4个典型海域来分析降水量、蒸发量、净淡水通量的季节变化和年际变化。结果表明：东印度洋的苏门答腊岛西部海域年降水量最大，季节变化较小，属全年降雨型；孟加拉湾的东北部和安达曼海的北部海域年降水量较大，其年际变化以4.2 mm/a的速率增长，强降水出现在5-9月；阿拉伯海的西部海域年降水量较小；南印度洋东部（20°~30°S，80°~110°E）海域年降水量较小，年蒸发量较大，年蒸发量在2000年之前以5.1 mm/a的速率增长，之后以4.5 mm/a的速率减小。本文还采用Argo盐度等资料探讨降水、蒸发对海表盐度的影响，研究结果表明：降水量远大于蒸发量的海域，海表盐度较低；降水量远小于蒸发量的海域，海表盐度较高。表层水平环流是导致高净淡水通量中心与低盐中心并不重合的主要原因，也是导致强蒸发中心与高盐中心并不重合的主要原因。选取的4个典型海域海表盐度的季节变化与净淡水通量关系不大，而是与表层水平环流有关。孟加拉湾强降水对表层盐度的影响显著，强降水发生后表层盐度降低0.2~0.8，其影响深度为30~50 m。
- 降水 /
- 蒸发 /
- 海表盐度 /
- 热带印度洋 /
- 影响
Abstract: Precipitation and evaporation data were used to investigate the annual distribution characteristics of precipitation, evaporation and net fresh water flux in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), then four typical areas were chosen to analyze the seasonal and interannual variation of precipitation, evaporation and net fresh water flux. The results suggest that the maximum annual precipitation appears in the western sea area of Sumatra in eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), which belongs to the rainy weather throughout the year with small seasonal variations; the higher annual precipitation is observed in the northeastern Bay of Bengal (BoB) and northern Andaman Sea, with the interannual variation rising by 4.2 mm per year, and the heavy rainfall falls in the period from May to September. The smaller annual precipitation was found in the western of Arabian Sea. The smaller annual precipitation and higher annual evaporation were found in the eastern sea area in the southern Indian Ocean(20°-30°S,80°-110°E) with the interannual variation increase by 5.1 mm per year before 2000 and decrease by 4.5 mm per year after 2000. The influence of precipitation and evaporation on sea surface salinity (SSS) is discussed by using the Argo salinity. Further analysis indicates that while rainfall is more (less) than evaporation, SSS becomes lower(higher). The inconsistency between the center of higher net freshwater flux (higher evaporation) and lower salinity (higher salinity) is mainly caused by surface horizontal circulation. The SSS seasonal variation has little relation with surface horizontal circulation, while it is highly related to net freshwater flux in the four chosen typical areas. The heavy precipitation has a remarkable influence on surface salinity in BoB. It can cause a decrease in SSS by 0.2-0.8 from 30 m to 50 m.
- precipitation /
- evaporation /
- sea surface salinity /
- the tropical Indian Ocean /
- effect

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