黄海浒苔绿潮研究进展

王宗灵; 傅明珠; 肖洁; 张学雷; 宋伟

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.001

黄海浒苔绿潮研究进展

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2018.02.001

国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋生态环境科学与工程国家海洋局重点实验室, 山东青岛 266061;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 山东青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFC1402104，2016YFC1402106）；国家自然科学青年基金项目（41506185，41606190）；山东省联合基金项目（U1606404）；青岛市民生科技计划项目（16-4-2-1-nsh，15-8-2-2-HY）。

计量
- 文章访问数: 2082
- HTML全文浏览量: 104
- PDF下载量: 937
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-24

Progress on the study of the Yellow Sea green tides caused by Ulva prolifera

Key Lab of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecological Environment, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China;Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China

摘要

摘要: 绿潮是世界性的海洋生态环境问题。自2007年以来，浒苔绿潮已肆虐黄海近岸海域达10年之久，造成了巨大经济损失和严重社会影响，成为近年来我国海洋生态学研究的焦点之一。目前，国内外学者围绕黄海绿潮起源与发生原因已经开展了一系列的研究，取得了一定的科学认知。本文综述了关于黄海绿潮起源与发生过程、浒苔的关键生物学特征以及绿潮暴发的环境驱动机制等方面的主要研究进展，分析了目前绿潮发生机制研究中未解决的科学问题和绿潮减灾防灾技术上的不足，并提出了研究展望。同时，对近期启动的国家重点研发计划重点专项"浒苔绿潮形成机理与综合防控技术研究及应用"的研究内容与预期目标进行了简要介绍。
- 浒苔绿潮 /
- 起源与发生机理 /
- 环境驱动机制 /
- 监测预警 /
- 综合防治
Abstract: Green tides are ecological issues commonly observed in coastal waters world widely. Since 2007, the uni-algae large-scale green tides have pervaded the southern Yellow Sea of China every spring to summer, which caused significant economy losses and negative social impact. The Yellow Sea green tides soon became one hotspot of ecological research in China, and numerous research projects have been funded and conducted. In the present paper, we reviewed the recent progress on the origin and development process of Yellow Sea green tides, key biological features of the causative algae (Ulva prolifera) and the main environmental conditions favoring blooming and drifting of the green macroalgae, nonetheless, unknowns are still existing on the macroalgal dynamics, and more research is necessarily needed to develop the proper approaches to manage and prevent the Yellow Sea green tides. Consequently, the National Key Research and Development Program of China recently funded and initiated a new research project titled as "Ecological mechanism and the application on management and prevention of Yellow Sea green tides". We outlined the major objectives and research contents of this project at the end.
- Ulva prolifera green tide /
- origin and formation mechanisms /
- environmental driving forces /
- monitoring and precaution /
- integrated management

HTML全文

参考文献(86)

Fletcher R L. The Occurrence of "Green Tide"-a review[M]//Schramm W, Nienhuis P H. Marine Benthic Vegetation. Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer, 1996:7-43.

Valiela I, McClelland J, Hauxwell J, et al. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries:controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997, 42(5):1105-1118.

Ye Naihao, Zhang Xiaowen, Mao Yuze, et al. ‘Green tides’ are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet:taking the world's largest example[J]. Ecological Research, 2011, 26(3):477-485.

Smetacek V, Zingone A. Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise[J]. Nature, 2013, 504(7478):84-88, doi: 10.1038/nature12860.

Zhou Mingjiang, Liu Dongyan, Anderson D M, et al. Introduction to the special issue on green tides in the Yellow Sea[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:3-8.

于仁成, 刘东艳. 我国近海藻华灾害现状、演变趋势与应对策略[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2016, 31(10):1167-1174. Yu Rencheng, Liu Dongyan. Harmful algal blooms in the coastal waters of China:current situation, long-term changes and prevention strategies[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 31(10):1167-1174.

Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, Xing Qianguo, et al. World's largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009, 58(6):888-895.

Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, Dong Zhijun, et al. Recurrence of the world's largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China:Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal blooms[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010, 60(9):1423-1432.

Liu Dongyan, Keesing J K, He Peimin, et al. The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China:formation and implications[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2013, 129:2-10.

Pang Shaojun, Liu Feng, Shan Tifeng, et al. Tracking the algal origin of the Ulva bloom in the Yellow Sea by a combination of molecular, morphological and physiological analyses[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2010, 69(4):207-215.

Keesing J K, Liu Dongyan, Fearns P, et al. Inter-and intra-annual patterns of Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea during 2007-2009, their origin and relationship to the expansion of coastal seaweed aquaculture in China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011, 62(6):1169-1182.

Liu Feng, Pang Shanjun, Zhao Xioabo, et al. Quantitative, molecular and growth analyses of Ulva microscopic propagules in the coastal sediment of Jiangsu province where green tides initially occurred[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2012, 74:56-63.

Liu Feng, Pang Shaojun, Chopin T, et al. Understanding the recurrent large-scale green tide in the Yellow Sea:temporal and spatial correlations between multiple geographical, aquacultural and biological factors[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2013, 83:38-47.

范士亮, 傅明珠, 李艳, 等. 2009-2010年黄海绿潮起源与发生过程调查研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2012, 34(6):187-194. Fan Shiliang, Fu Mingzhu, Li Yan, et al. Origin and development of Huanghai (Yellow) Sea green-tides in 2009 and 2010[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2012, 34(6):187-194.

Wang Zongling, Xiao Jie, Fan Shiliang, et al. Who made the world's largest green tide in China?-an integrated study on the initiation and early development of the green tide in Yellow Sea[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2015, 60(4):1105-1117.

Huo Yuanzi, Han Hongbin, Hua Liang, et al. Tracing the origin of green macroalgal blooms based on the large scale spatio-temporal distribution of Ulva microscopic propagules and settled mature Ulva vegetative thalli in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea, China[J]. Harmful Algae, 2016, 59:91-99.

丁兰平, 栾日孝. 浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)的分类鉴定、生境习性及分布[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2009, 40(1):68-71. Ding Lanping, Luan Rixiao. The taxonomy, habit, and distribution of a green alga Enteromorpha prolifera (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2009, 40(1):68-71.

Leliaert F, Zhang Xiaowen, Ye Naihao, et al. Identity of the Qingdao algal bloom[J]. Phycological Research, 2009, 57(2):147-151.

Liu Feng, Pang Shaojun, Xu Na, et al. Ulva diversity in the Yellow Sea during the large-scale green algal blooms in 2008-2009[J]. Phycological Rsearch, 2010, 58(4):270-279.

Duan Weijun, Guo Lixin, Sun Dong, et al. Morphological and molecular characterization of free-floating and attached green macroalgae Ulva spp. in the Yellow Sea of China[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2012, 24(1):97-108.

黄娟, 吴玲娟, 高松, 等. 黄海绿潮分布年际变化分析[J]. 激光生物学报, 2014, 23(6):572-578. Huang Juan, Wu Lingjuan, Gao Song, et al. Analysis on the interannual distribution variation of green tide in Yellow sea[J]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2014, 23(6):572-578.

Lee H J, Pang I C, Moon I J, et al. On physical factors that controlled the massive green tide occurrence along the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in 2008:a numerical study using a particle-tracking experiment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011, 116(C12):C12036.

乔方利, 王关锁, 吕新刚, 等. 2008与2010年黄海浒苔漂移输运特征对比[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(18):1470-1476. Qiao Fangli, Wang Guansuo, Lü Xingang, et al. Drift characteristics of green macroalgae in the Yellow Sea in 2008 and 2010[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(21):2236-2242.

Xu Qing, Zhang Hongyan, Ju Lian, et al. Interannual variability of Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014, 35(11/12):4099-4113.

Bao Min, Guan Weibing, Yang Yang, et al. Drifting trajectories of green algae in the western Yellow Sea during the spring and summer of 2012[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:9-16.

Shi Xiaoyong, Qi Mingyan, Tang Hongjie, et al. Spatial and temporal nutrient variations in the Yellow Sea and their effects on Ulva prolifera blooms[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:36-43.

Kamer K, Boyle K A, Fong P. Macroalgal bloom dynamics in a highly eutrophic Southern California estuary[J]. Estuaries, 2001, 24(4):623-636.

Charlier R H, Morand P, Finkl C W, et al. Green tides on the Brittany coasts. Environmental Research[J]. Engineering and Management, 2007, 3(41):52-59.

Yabe T, Ishii Y, Amano Y, et al. Green tide formed by free-floating Ulva spp. at Yatsu tidal flat, Japan[J]. Limnology, 2009, 10(3):239-245.

Teichberg M, Fox S E, Olsen Y S, et al. Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters:nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp[J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(9):2624-2637.

Hu Chuanmin, Li Daqiu, Chen Changsheng, et al. On the recurrent Ulva prolifera blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(C5):C05017, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005561.

Huo Yuanzi, Zhang Jianheng, Chen Liping, et al. Green algae blooms caused by Ulva prolifera in the southern Yellow Sea:identification of the origin bloom location and evaluation of biological processes occurring during the early northward floating period[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2013, 58(6):2206-2218.

Zhang Jianheng, Huo Yuanzi, Wu Hailong, et al. The origin of the Ulva macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea in 2013[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 89(1/2):276-283.

梁宗英, 林祥志, 马牧, 等. 浒苔漂流聚集绿潮现象的初步分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2008, 38(4):601-604. Liang Zongying, Lin Xiangzhi, Ma Mu, et al. A preliminary study of the Enteromorpha prolifera drift gathering causing the green tide phenomenon[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2008, 38(4):601-604.

Zhang Xiaowen, Xu Dong, Mao Yuze, et al. Settlement of vegetative fragments of Ulva prolifera confirmed as an important seed source for succession of a large-scale green tide bloom[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2011, 56(1):233-242.

Li Yan, Song Wei, Xiao Jie, et al. Tempo-spatial distribution and species diversity of green algae micro-propagules in the Yellow Sea during the large-scale green tide development[J]. Harmful Algae, 2014, 39:40-47.

Fan Shiliang, Fu Mingzhu, Wang Zongling, et al. Temporal variation of green macroalgal assemblage on Porphyra aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:23-28.

Huo Yuanzi, Han Hongbin, Shi Honghua, et al. Changes to the biomass and species composition of Ulva sp. on Porphyra aquaculture rafts, along the coastal radial sandbank of the Southern Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 93(1/2):210-216.

Liu Xiangqing, Li Yan, Wang Zongling, et al. Cruise observation of Ulva prolifera bloom in the southern Yellow Sea, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:17-22.

Wang Xiaohua, Qiao Fangli, Lu Jing, et al. The turbidity maxima of the northern Jiangsu shoal-water in the Yellow Sea, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 93(3):202-211.

Fletcher R L. Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation:an overview[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 1995, 7(3):325-333.

Xiao Jie, Li Yan, Song Wei, et al. Discrimination of the common macroalgae (Ulva and Blidingia) in coastal waters of Yellow Sea, northern China, based on restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis[J]. Harmful Algae, 2013, 27:130-137.

Zhang Qingchun, Liu Qing, Kang Zhenjun, et al. Development of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for rapid detection of Ulva prolifera[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:103-111.

Li Yan, Xiao Jie, Ding Lanping, et al. Community structure and controlled factor of attached green algae on the Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal, China[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2015, 34(8):93-99.

Liu Xiangqing, Wang Zongling, Zhang Xuelei. A review of the green tides in the Yellow Sea, China[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2016, 119:189-196.

Zhang Jianheng, Zhao Peng, Huo Yuanzi, et al. The fast expansion of Pyropia aquaculture in "Sansha" regions should be mainly responsible for the Ulva blooms in Yellow Sea[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2017, 189:58-65.

田晓玲, 霍元子, 陈丽平, 等. 江苏如东近海绿潮藻分子检测与类群演替分析[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(4/5):309-317. Tian Xiaoling, Huo Yuanzi, Chen Liping, et al. Molecular detection and analysis of green seaweeds from Rudong coasts in Jiangsu Province[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(4/5):309-317.

Shen Qi, Li Hongye, Li Yan, et al. Molecular identification of green algae from the rafts based infrastructure of Porphyra yezoensis[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2012, 64(10):2077-2082.

Han Wei, Chen Liping, Zhang Jianheng, et al. Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area, China[J]. Harmful Algae, 2013, 28:46-54.

Xu Qing, Zhang Hongyuan, Cheng Yongcun, et al. Monitoring and tracking the green tide in the Yellow Sea with satellite imagery and trajectory model[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2016, 9(11):5172-5181.

Qiao Fengli, Dai Dejun, Simpson J, et al. Banded structure of drifting macroalgae[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009, 58(12):1792-1795.

Son Y B, Choi B J, Kim Y H, et al. Tracing floating green algae blooms in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea using GOCI satellite data and Lagrangian transport simulations[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, 156:21-33.

Qi Lin, Hu Chuanmin, Xing Qianguo, et al. Long-term trend of Ulva prolifera blooms in the western Yellow Sea[J]. Harmful Algae, 2016, 58:35-44.

Xing Qianguo, Hu Chuanmin. Mapping macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using HJ-1 and Landsat data:application of a virtual baseline reflectance height technique[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2016, 178:113-126.

Cui Tingwei, Zhang Jie, Sun Li'e, et al. Satellite monitoring of massive green macroalgae bloom (GMB):imaging ability comparison of multi-source data and drifting velocity estimation[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2012, 33(17):5513-5527.

Garcia R A, Fearns P, Keesing J K, et al. Quantification of floating macroalgae blooms using the scaled algae index[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2013, 118(1):26-42.

Hu Lianbo, Hu Chuanmin, He Mingxia. Remote estimation of biomass of Ulva prolifera macroalgae in the Yellow Sea[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2017, 192:217-227.

方松, 王宗灵, 李艳, 等. 南黄海及长江口附近海域绿潮暴发前期微观繁殖体的动态变化[J]. 海洋学报, 2012, 34(4):147-154. Fang Song, Wang Zongling, Li Yan, et al. The dynamics of micro-propagules before the green tide (Ulva prolifera) outbreak in the Southern Huanghai Sea and Changjiang (Yangtze) river estuary area[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2012, 34(4):147-154.

Song Wei, Li Yan, Fang Song, et al. Temporal and spatial distributions of green algae micro-propagules in the coastal waters of the Subei Shoal, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:29-35.

Hoffmann A J, Santelices B. Banks of algal microscopic forms:hypotheses on their functioning and comparisons with seed banks[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1991, 79:185-194.

王广策, 唐学玺, 何培民, 等. 浒苔光合作用等关键生理过程对环境因子响应途径的研究进展[J]. 植物生理学报, 2016, 52(11):1627-1636. Wang Guangce, Tang Xuexi, He Peimin, et al. Progress of studies on the responses of the key physiological processes including photosynthesis in Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller to environmental factors[J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2016, 52(11); 1627-1636.

Tan I H, Blomster J, Hanse G, et al. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a reversible morphogenetic switch controlling the gross morphology of two common genera of green seaweeds, Ulva and Enteromorpha[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1999, 16(8):1011-1018.

Hiraoka M, Ohno M, Kawaguchi S, et al. Crossing test among floating Ulva thalli forming "green tide" in Japan[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2004, 512(1/3):239-245.

叶乃好, 张晓雯, 毛玉泽, 等. 黄海绿潮浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)生活史的初步研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 2008, 15(5):853-859. Ye Naihao, Zhang Xiaowen, Mao Yuze, et al. Life history of Enteromorpha prolifera under laboratory conditions[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15(5):853-859.

Liu Qing, Yu Rencheng, Yan Tian, et al. Laboratory study on the life history of bloom-forming Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:82-88.

Lin Apeng, Shen Songdong, Wang Jianwei, et al. Reproduction diversity of Enteromorpha prolifera[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2008, 50(5):622-629.

张华伟, 马家海, 胡翔, 等. 绿潮漂浮浒苔繁殖特性的研究[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2011, 20(4):600-606. Zhang Huawei, Ma Jiahai, Hu Xiang, et al. Reproductive characteristics of the floating algae in green tide[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2011, 20(4):600-606.

Zhang Jianheng, Kim K J, Yarish C, et al. The expansion of Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea, PR China, through asexual reproduction[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 104(1/2):101-106.

Lin Apeng, Shen Songdong, Wang Guangce, et al. Comparison of chlorophyll and photosynthesis parameters of floating and attached Ulva prolifera[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2011, 53(1):25-34.

Wang Ying, Wang You, Zhu Lin, et al. Comparative studies on the ecophysiological differences of two green tide macroalgae under controlled laboratory conditions[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(8):e38245.

Hiraoka M, Oka N. Tank cultivation of Ulva prolifera in deep seawater using a new "germling cluster" method[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2008, 20(1):97-102.

李瑞香, 吴晓文, 韦钦胜, 等. 不同营养盐条件下浒苔的生长[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2009, 27(2):211-216. Li Ruixiang, Wu Xiaowen, Wei Qinsheng, et al. Growth of Enteromorpha prolifera under different uutrient conditions[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2009, 27(2):211-216.

张晓红, 王宗灵, 李瑞香, 等. 不同温度、盐度下浒苔(Entromorphra prolifera)群体增长和生殖的显微观测[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2012, 30(2):276-283. Zhang Xiaohong, Wang Zongling, Li Ruixiang, et al. Microscopic observation on population growth and reproduction of Entromorphra prolifera under different temperature and salinity[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2012, 30(2):276-283.

Zhang Jianheng, Huo Yuanzi, Yu Kefeng, et al. Growth characteristics and reproductive capability of green tide algae in Rudong coast, China[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology, 2013, 25(3):795-803.

Morand P, Merceron M. Coastal eutrophication and excessive growth of macroalgae[M]//Pandalai S G. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology. Trivandrum, Kerala, India:Research Signpost, 2004:395-449.

Nelson T A, Haberlin K, Nelson A V, et al. Ecological and physiological controls of species composition in green macroalgal blooms[J]. Ecology, 2008, 89(5):1287-1298.

国家海洋局. 2010-2016年中国海洋环境状况公报[R]. 北京:国家海洋局, 2010-2016. State Oceanic Administration. Bulletin of China's Marine Environment 2010-2016[R]. Beijing:State Oceanic Administration, 2010-2016.

Pedersen M F, Borum J. Nutrient control of estuarine macroalgae:growth strategy and the balance between nitrogen requirements and uptake[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1997, 161:155-163.

Li Hongmei, Zhang Chuansong, Han Xiurong, et al. Changes in concentrations of oxygen, dissolved nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate in the southern Yellow Sea, 1980-2012:sources and seaward gradients[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:44-55.

徐兆礼, 叶属峰, 徐韧. 2008年中国浒苔灾害成因条件和过程推测[J]. 水产学报, 2009, 33(3):430-437. Xu Zhaoli, Ye Shufeng, Xu Ren. Possible conditions and process of the massive blooms of Enteromorpha prolifera in China during 2008[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2009, 33(3):430-437.

Luo Minbo, Liu Feng, Xu Zhaoli. Growth and nutrient uptake capacity of two co-occurring species, Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2012, 100:18-24.

Taylor R, Fletcher R L, Raven J A. Preliminary studies on the growth of selected ‘green tide’ algae in laboratory culture:effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate[J]. Botanica Marina, 2001, 44(4):327-336.

Song Wei, Peng Keqin, Xiao Jie, et al. Effects of temperature on the germination of green algae micro-propagules in coastal waters of the Subei Shoal, China[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2015, 163:63-68.

刘志亮, 胡敦欣. 黄海夏季近岸海区环流的初步分析及其与风速的关系[J]. 海洋学报, 2009, 31(2):1-7. Liu Zhiliang, Hu Dunxin. Preliminary study on the Huanghai Sea coastal current and its relationship with local wind in summer[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2009, 31(2):1-7.

李峣. 中国东部近海夏季环流特征及其动力机制[D]. 青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所, 2010:1-14. Li Yao. Structure and dynamics of ocean circulation off the East Coast of China[D]. Qingdao:Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010:1-14.

Xia Changshuai, Qiao Fangli, Yang Yongzeng, et al. Three-dimensional structure of the summertime circulation in the Yellow Sea from a wave-tide-circulation coupled model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, 111(C11):C11S03.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计