表层水温结构变化对东南太平洋秘鲁鳀渔场的影响&nbsp;

陈芃; 陈新军

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.04.0088

表层水温结构变化对东南太平洋秘鲁鳀渔场的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.04.0088

陈芃¹,
陈新军^2,

1.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306
2.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306

基金项目: 上海市科技创新行动计划（15DZ1202200）；海洋局公益性行业专项（20155014）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-07-28
- 修回日期: 2016-12-18

Evaluating the effects of sea surface temperature variations on fishing ground of anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) in the southeast Pacific Ocean

Chen Peng¹,
Chen Xinjun^2
,

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要:
秘鲁鳀（Engraulis ringens）是栖息于东南太平洋沿岸的小型中上层鱼类，掌握其渔场变化及其与海洋环境因子的关系有利于企业把握该渔业的生产情况。研究结合2005-2014年渔汛期间秘鲁各港口出港的船数及其所获得的秘鲁鳀渔获量和表层水温数据（海表面温度，sea surface temperature，SST），以单位捕捞努力量的渔获量（catch per unit effort，CPUE）和捕捞努力量（Effort）数据构建的渔场指数（fishing ground index，FGI）为渔场指标，对秘鲁鳀的渔场类型进行分类，探讨水温结构变化对秘鲁鳀渔场的影响。方差分析表明：渔场指数在不同渔汛阶段（渔汛前期、中期和末期，P<0.01）和不同捕捞区域（北部、中部和南部，P<0.01）都有着极显著的差异。以表层水温大于20℃的海水是否入侵到近岸为标志，可以将秘鲁鳀渔场分成两种类型：大于20℃的海水没有入侵到沿岸（A型渔场）和入侵到沿岸（B型渔场）。研究表明，在渔汛前期和中期阶段，A型渔场的出现有利于渔场的形成，其中渔汛前期沿岸19℃或20℃等温线的出现以及渔汛中期沿岸18℃或19℃等温线的出现可以作为中心渔场形成的指标。
- 秘鲁鳀 /
- 东南太平洋 /
- 表层水温结构 /
- 渔场
Abstract:
Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is one of the important small pelagic species living in the southeast Pacific Ocean. Exploring the process that fishing grounds vary with oceanic environmental factors could help us to understand the variations in fish stocks, which is beneficial for fishing industry. In this study, based on the Peruvian fishery logbooks of anchoveta from 2005 to 2014 as well as sea surface temperature (SST) data, we developed the fishing ground index (FGI) by using the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort to understand the variation of fishing ground. The fishing ground were also divided into different types and correlated with the SST isotherms in order to evaluate their forming mechanism. The results indicated that significant differences (P<0.01) were="" found="" for="" fgi="" with="" the="" fishing="" periods="" earlier="" mid="" stage="" and="" later="" areas="" north="" middle="" area="" south="" on="" basis="" of="" analysis="" variance.="" according="" to="" distribution="" we="" defined="" ground="" anchoveta="" as="" type="" ground.="" when="" warm="" sea="" surface="" waters="">20℃) had not intruded into the near shore area, the "A" type fishing ground occurred. Otherwise, the "B" type fishing ground occurred. Our findings suggested that the surface temperature structure with "A" type is favorable for the formation of fishing ground in the earlier or mid stage of fishing periods. Moreover, the 19℃ or 20℃ SST isotherm in earlier stage and the 18℃ or 19℃ SST isotherm in mid stage could be used as an indicator to search for the productive fishing ground.
- Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) /
- southeast Pacific Ocean /
- surface temperature structure /
- fishing ground

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