Preliminary analysis of kinematic characteristics of Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2012
-
摘要: 利用美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)发布的海冰速度和范围数据,本文分析了1979—2012年间北极海冰的运动学特征,以及北极海冰运动与分布范围演变之间的关系。结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)发布的2007和2012年高分辨率的气压场、风场数据,探讨了北极风场和气压场与海冰运动、辐散辐合和海冰面积的关系。结果表明,在1979-2012年间北极海冰平均运动速度呈显著增强的趋势,冬季海冰平均运动速度增加趋势明显强于夏季;北极、波弗特-楚科奇海域和弗拉姆海峡的冬、夏季海冰平均运动速度的增加率分别为2.1%/a和1.7%/a、2.0%/a和1.6%/a以及4.9%/a和2.2%/a。1979-2012年北极海冰平均运动速度和范围的相关性为-0.77,二者存在显著的负相关关系。北极冬季和夏季风场的长期变化趋势与海冰平均运动速度的变化趋势一致,冬季和夏季的相关系数分别为0.50和0.48。风场和气压场对海冰的运动、辐散及重新分布发挥着重要作用。2007年夏季,第234~273天波弗特海域一直被高压系统控制,波弗特涡旋加强,使得波弗特海域海冰聚集在北极中央区;顺时针的风场促使海冰向格陵兰岛和加拿大北极群岛以北聚合。2012年,白令海峡和楚科奇海域处于低压和高压系统的交界处,盛行偏北风,海冰从北极东部往西部输运,加拿大海盆的多年海冰因离岸运动而辐散,向楚科奇海域的海冰输运增加,受太平洋入流暖水影响,移入此区域的海冰加速融化,从而加剧海冰的减少。Abstract: Based on sea ice velocity and extent data provided by National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC), kinematic characteristics of the Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2012 was analyzed, as well as the relationship between sea ice motion and extent. With the high resolution sea surface pressure (SLP) and wind data from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) and sea ice velocity data from NSIDC in 2007 and 2012, the effects of surface wind and sea level pressure on Arctic sea ice motion were also investigated. The results showed that the Arctic sea ice motion was accelerating with rate of 2.1%/a in winter and 1.7%/a in summer. In the Beaufort-Chukchi area and the Fram Strait area, the accelerating rates were 2.0%/a and 4.9%/a in winter, 1.6%/a and 2.2%/a in summer, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between sea ice motion and sea ice extent, with a correlation coefficient was -0.77 from 1979 to 2012. The tendency of wind field in winter and summer was in accord with that of mean sea ice motion with correlation coefficients of 0.50 and 0.48, respectively. The influence of sea surface wind and sea level pressure on sea ice motion, divergence and redistribution was significant. From 234th to 273rd in summer of 2007, high pressure system controlled the Beaufort Sea, leading to southerly wind in Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea. As well as, the stronger Beaufort Gyre made sea ice detained in the central Arctic and the clockwise wind filed drove sea ice aggregate north of Greenland and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In 2012, both the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea were at the junction of the low and high pressure systems, northerly wind during the same period as 2007. Under the joint action of low pressure and high pressure systems, sea ice was transported from the east towards west in the Arctic Ocean. The multiyear sea ice in the Canadian Basin was diverged driven by the offshore movement, and transported towards Chukchi Sea and increased the melting by the Pacific warm inflow.
-
Key words:
- Arctic /
- sea ice /
- sea ice motion /
- surface wind /
- sea level pressure
-
Bader J, Mesquita M D S, Hodges K I, et al. A review on Northern Hemisphere sea-ice, storminess and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Observations and projected changes[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2011, 101(4):809-834. Screen J A, Simmonds I, Keay K. Dramatic interannual changes of perennial Arctic sea ice linked to abnormal summer storm activity[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011,116(D15): 1158-1162. 薛彦广, 关皓, 董兆俊, 等. 近40年北极海冰范围变化特征分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2014, 31(4): 85-91. Xue Yanguang, Guan Hao, Dong Zhaojun, et al. Analysis of characteristics of Arctic sea ice extent changes in recent 40 years[J]. Marine forecast, 2014,31(4):85-91. 魏立新, 张占海. 北极海冰变化特征分析[J]. 海洋预报,2007,24(4):42-49. Wei Lixin, Zhang Zhanhai. Analysis of characteristics of Arctic sea ice changes[J]. Marine forecast,2007,24(4):42-49. Kwok R, Cunningham G F.Deformation of the Arctic Ocean ice cover after the 2007 record minimum in summer ice extent[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,2012(76/77):17-23. Maslanik J A, Fowler C, Stroeve J, et al. A younger, thinner Arctic ice cover: Increased po-tential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(24):497-507. Rothrock D A, Yu Y, Maykut G A. Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(23):3469-3472. 汪代维, 杨修群. 北极海冰变化的时间和空间型[J].气象学报, 2002, 60(2): 129-138. Wand Daiwei, Yang Xiuqun. Temporal and spatial variations of Arctic sea ice[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2002, 60(2): 129-138. Deser C, Teng H. Evolution of Arctic sea ice concentration trends and the role of atmospheric circulation forcing, 1979-2007[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(2):L02504. Kwok R. Outflow of Arctic Ocean Sea Ice into the Greenland and Barents Seas: 1979-2007[J]. Journal of Climate,2009,22(9):2438-2457. Zhang J, Rothrock D, Steele M. Recent changes in Arctic sea ice: The interplay between ice dynamics and thermodynamics[J]. Journal of Climate,2000,13(17):3099-3114. Nghiem S V, Rigor I G, Perovich D K, et al. Rapid reduction of Arctic perennial sea ice[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(19): L19504. Simmonds I, Burke C, Keay K. Arctic climate change as manifest in cyclone behavior[J]. Journal of Climate,2008,21(22):5777-5796. Stroeve J, Holland M M, Meier W, et al. Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(9): L029703. Curry J A, Schramm J L, Ebert E E. Sea ice-albedo climate feedback mechanism[J]. Journal of Climate,1995,8(2):240-247. Guest P S, Davidson K L, Overland J E, et al. Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions in the Marginal Ice Zones of the Nordic Seas[M]. Arctic Oceanography: Marginal Ice Zones and Continental Shelves:American Geophysical Union, 2013:51-95. Hartmann D L. Global physical climatology[M]. Salt Lake City: Academic Press, 1994. Ingram W, Wilson C, Mitchell J. Modeling climate change: An assessment of sea ice and surface albedo feedbacks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres(1984-2012),1989,94(D6):8609-8622. Woodgate R A, Weingartner T, Lindsay R. The 2007 Bering Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2010, 37(1): L041621. 赵进平, 朱大勇, 史久新. 楚科奇海海冰周年变化特征及其主要关联因素[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2003, 21(2): 123-134. Zhao Jinping, Zhu Dayong, Shi Jiuxin. Annual changes of Chukchi sea ice and its main related factors[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2003,21(2):123-134. Rigor I G, Colony R, Wallace J M. Response of sea ice to the Arctic Oscillation[J]. Journal of Climate,2002,15(18):2648-63. 武炳义. 冬季北极海冰运动主模态的构成及其与海平面气压变化的关系[J]. 大气科学, 2005, 29(5): 747-761. Wu Bingyi. Modes of Arctic sea ice motion in winter and its relationship with the sea level pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 2005, 29(5): 747-761. Wang Jia, Zhang Jinlun, Watanabe E, et al. Is the Dipole Anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent?[J]. Geophysical Research Letters.2009,36(5):277-291. Wang X, Zhao J. Seasonal and inter-annual variations of the primary types of the Arctic sea-ice drifting patterns[J]. Advances in Polar Science, 2013, 23(2): 72-81. Kwok R, Spreen G, Pang S. Arctic sea ice circulation and drift speed: Decadal trends and ocean currents[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,2013,118(5):2408-2425. 魏立新, 邓小花, 县彦宗, 等. 2007与2008年夏季北极海冰变化特征及原因的对比分析[J]. 海洋预报, 2013, 30(2):1-7. Wei Lixin, Deng Xiaohua, Xian Yanzong, et al. Contrastive analysis of the characteristics and cause of Arctic sea ice change[J]. Marine Science, 2013, 30(2):1-7. Fowler C, Maslanik J, Emery W, et al. Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors[OL]. Version 2. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center,2013.ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/pub/DATASETS/nsidc0116_icemotion_vectors_v2/data/ Colony R, Thorndike A S. An estimate of the mean field of Arctic sea ice motion[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans,1984,89(C6):10623-10629.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1559
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
- PDF下载量: 1050
- 被引次数: 0