1979-2012年北极海冰运动学特征初步分析

左正道; 高郭平; 程灵巧; 徐飞翔

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.05.006

1979-2012年北极海冰运动学特征初步分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.05.006

1.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306
2.
上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续利用省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)全球变化研究重大科学研究计划项目(2015CB953900);国家自然科学委员会基金项目(41276197) 。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-05-15

Preliminary analysis of kinematic characteristics of Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2012

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 利用美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)发布的海冰速度和范围数据,本文分析了1979—2012年间北极海冰的运动学特征,以及北极海冰运动与分布范围演变之间的关系。结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)发布的2007和2012年高分辨率的气压场、风场数据,探讨了北极风场和气压场与海冰运动、辐散辐合和海冰面积的关系。结果表明,在1979-2012年间北极海冰平均运动速度呈显著增强的趋势,冬季海冰平均运动速度增加趋势明显强于夏季;北极、波弗特-楚科奇海域和弗拉姆海峡的冬、夏季海冰平均运动速度的增加率分别为2.1%/a和1.7%/a、2.0%/a和1.6%/a以及4.9%/a和2.2%/a。1979-2012年北极海冰平均运动速度和范围的相关性为-0.77,二者存在显著的负相关关系。北极冬季和夏季风场的长期变化趋势与海冰平均运动速度的变化趋势一致,冬季和夏季的相关系数分别为0.50和0.48。风场和气压场对海冰的运动、辐散及重新分布发挥着重要作用。2007年夏季,第234~273天波弗特海域一直被高压系统控制,波弗特涡旋加强,使得波弗特海域海冰聚集在北极中央区;顺时针的风场促使海冰向格陵兰岛和加拿大北极群岛以北聚合。2012年,白令海峡和楚科奇海域处于低压和高压系统的交界处,盛行偏北风,海冰从北极东部往西部输运,加拿大海盆的多年海冰因离岸运动而辐散,向楚科奇海域的海冰输运增加,受太平洋入流暖水影响,移入此区域的海冰加速融化,从而加剧海冰的减少。
- 北极 /
- 海冰 /
- 海冰运动速度 /
- 风 /
- 气压
Abstract: Based on sea ice velocity and extent data provided by National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC), kinematic characteristics of the Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2012 was analyzed, as well as the relationship between sea ice motion and extent. With the high resolution sea surface pressure (SLP) and wind data from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) and sea ice velocity data from NSIDC in 2007 and 2012, the effects of surface wind and sea level pressure on Arctic sea ice motion were also investigated. The results showed that the Arctic sea ice motion was accelerating with rate of 2.1%/a in winter and 1.7%/a in summer. In the Beaufort-Chukchi area and the Fram Strait area, the accelerating rates were 2.0%/a and 4.9%/a in winter, 1.6%/a and 2.2%/a in summer, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between sea ice motion and sea ice extent, with a correlation coefficient was -0.77 from 1979 to 2012. The tendency of wind field in winter and summer was in accord with that of mean sea ice motion with correlation coefficients of 0.50 and 0.48, respectively. The influence of sea surface wind and sea level pressure on sea ice motion, divergence and redistribution was significant. From 234th to 273rd in summer of 2007, high pressure system controlled the Beaufort Sea, leading to southerly wind in Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea. As well as, the stronger Beaufort Gyre made sea ice detained in the central Arctic and the clockwise wind filed drove sea ice aggregate north of Greenland and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In 2012, both the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea were at the junction of the low and high pressure systems, northerly wind during the same period as 2007. Under the joint action of low pressure and high pressure systems, sea ice was transported from the east towards west in the Arctic Ocean. The multiyear sea ice in the Canadian Basin was diverged driven by the offshore movement, and transported towards Chukchi Sea and increased the melting by the Pacific warm inflow.
- Arctic /
- sea ice /
- sea ice motion /
- surface wind /
- sea level pressure

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