基于水淘选分级的长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机碳的来源、分布和保存

王金鹏; 姚鹏; 孟佳; 赵彬; 潘慧慧; 张婷婷; 李栋

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.06.005

基于水淘选分级的长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机碳的来源、分布和保存

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2015.06.005

1.
中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100;中国海洋大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266100
2.
中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100;海洋科学与技术青岛协同创新中心, 山东青岛 266100;中国海洋大学海洋有机地球化学研究所, 山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目"不同来源有机碳在长江口-东海内陆架的水动力分选研究"(41176063)。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1663
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 1095
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-09-22

Sources,distribution,and preservation of size-fractionated sedimentary organic carbon of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf based on water elutriation

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China;Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China;Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 从分级的角度认识大河三角洲前缘河口沉积有机碳的来源、分布和保存对深刻理解全球碳循环具有重要意义。于2012年6月采集了长江口和浙闽沿岸共6个站位的表层沉积物样品,采用水淘选的方法按照颗粒物水动力直径大小对其进行分级分离,分析了这些分级样品的有机碳含量、稳定同位素、比表面积以及木质素等参数,并且结合蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型,讨论了此区域不同粒级沉积有机碳的来源、分布和保存特点。结果表明,长江口表层沉积物的有机碳在小粒级中含量较高,如8~16 μm粒级有机碳含量的均值为1.30%,而32~63 μm粒级的均值为0.90%,但是大粒级有机碳对沉积物有机碳的贡献最高(81.3%),这是因为大粒级的质量贡献占绝对优势(72.0%)。三端元混合模型的计算结果表明,长江口表层沉积物中沉积有机碳的贡献以海洋来源为主(平均为73%),土壤和维管植物也有一定贡献(平均值分别为21%和6%)。在小粒级(8~16 μm)中,土壤对于沉积有机碳的贡献显著高于其他粒级,这是由于土壤有机质比较容易富集在细颗粒上。木质素的参数,如C/V(0.04~0.32)和S/V(0.33~1.23),显示长江口表层沉积物主要来源于草本和木本被子植物的混合,随着粒级的增大,草本被子植物的来源逐渐增多。浙闽沿岸分级沉积物的OC/SSA < 0.4 mg/m²,而长江口的站位中OC/SSA > 0.4 mg/m²,表明长江口沉积有机碳的保存效率比浙闽沿岸的高。木质素降解参数,如(Ad/Al)v、3,5-Bd/V和P/(S+V)随着粒级的增大逐渐降低,表明小粒级降解程度较高,而大粒级中降解程度较低。
- 长江口 /
- 沉积有机碳 /
- 水动力分选 /
- 木质素 /
- 来源 /
- 降解
Abstract: Knowledge of the sources, dispersal and preservation of sedimentary organic carbon in large-river delta-front estuaries (LDE) from the perspective of size fractionation is critical for a better understanding of global carbon cycling. Surface sediments collected from four stations in the Changjiang Estuary mud area and two stations in the Zhe-Min coastal mud area in July 2012 were separated into different size fractions using the water elutriation method. Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon isotopic composition, specific surface area (SSA) and lignin of these size-fractionated sediments were analyzed to discuss the effect of hydrodynamic sorting on the variation of sources, distribution and preservation of OC in the Changjiang LDE. It has been showed that OC contents are high in the small size fraction, for examples, the average OC contents of 8-16 μm fractions is 1.30%, while for the 32-63 μm fractions it is only 0.90%. However, the contributions of sedimentary OC (up to 81.3%) are dominated in large size fractions because of the dominance of mass contributions in these size fractions (up to 72.0%). The results of a three end-member mixing model based on Monte-Carlo simulation indicate that marine OC is the predominant OC source (73% in average), whereas the average contributions of soil and C₃ vascular plant are 21% and 6%, respectively. The contributions of soil OC in small size fractions (such as 8-16 μm) are higher than those of other fractions, consistent with the fact that soil OC prefers to be absorbed on fine particles. The values of lignin source parameters, such as cinnamyl to vanillyl (C/V, 0.04 to 0.32) and syringyl to vanillyl (S/V, 0.33 to 1.23), indicate that these terrigenous organic matter are derived from a mixture of woody and non-woody angiosperms. As the size increases, the contributions of non-woody angiosperms increase. The sediment specific surface area (SSA) normalized OC contents of all size fractions in the Zhe-Min mud area are lower than those of the Changjiang mud area, indicating that long distance transport is unfavorable for the preservation of OC. The lignin decay indices, such as (Ad/Al)v, 3, 5-Bd/V and P/(S+V) are relatively high in small-size fractions, indicating that fine particles are highly degraded, whereas large-size fractions are characterized by less degradation.
- Changjiang Estuary /
- sedimentary organic carbon /
- hydrodynamic sorting /
- lignin /
- source /
- degradation

HTML全文

参考文献(63)

Bianchi T S, Allison M A. Large-river delta-front estuaries as natural "recorders" of global environmental change[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(20): 8085-8092.

姚鹏, 郭志刚, 于志刚. 大河影响下的陆架边缘海沉积有机碳的再矿化作用[J]. 海洋学报, 2014, 36(2): 23-32. Yao Peng, Guo Zhigang, Yu Zhigang. Remineralization of sedimentary organic carbon in river dominated ocean margins[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2014, 36(2): 23-32.

Aller R C, Blair N E. Carbon remineralization in the Amazon-Guianas tropical mobile mudbelt: A sedimentary incinerator[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2006, 26(17/18): 2241-2259.

Bianchi T S, Mitra S, McKee B A. Sources of terrestrially-derived organic carbon in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments: implications for differential sedimentation and transport at the coastal margin[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2002, 77(2/3): 211-223.

Bianchi T S, Galler J J, Allison M A. Hydrodynamic sorting and transport of terrestrially derived organic carbon in sediments of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2007, 73(1/2): 211-222.

Wakeham S G, Canuel E A, Lerberg E J, et al. Partitioning of organic matter in continental margin sediments among density fractions[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2009, 115(3/4): 211-225.

Hu L M, Shi X F, Yu Z G, et al. Distribution of sedimentary organic matter in estuarine-inner shelf regions of the East China Sea: Implications for hydrodynamic forces and anthropogenic impact[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2012, 142/144: 29-40.

姚鹏, 于志刚, 郭志刚. 大河影响下的边缘海沉积有机碳输运与埋藏及再矿化研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013, 33(1): 154-160. Yao Peng, Yu Zhigang, Guo Zhigang. Research progress in transport, Burial and remineralization of organic carbon at large river dominated ocean margins[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2013, 33(1): 154-160.

Lamb H. Hydrodynamics[M]. 6th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

章伟艳, 金海燕, 张富元, 等. 长江口-杭州湾及其邻近海域不同粒级沉积有机碳分布特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(11): 1202-1209. Zhang Weiyang, Jin Haiyang, Zhang Fuyuan, et al. Organic carbon distribution in the Yangtze River Estuary-Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent sea area[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(11): 1202-1209.

Dickens A F, Baldock J A, Smernik R J, et al. Solid-state ¹³C NMR analysis of size and density fractions of marine sediments: insight into organic carbon sources and preservation mechanisms[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006, 70(3): 666-686.

Schreiner K M, Bianchi T S, Eglinton T I, et al. Sources of terrigenous inputs to surface sediments of the Colville River Delta and Simpson's Lagoon, Beaufort Sea, Alaska[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2013, 118(2): 808-824.

Keil R G, Tsamakis E, Fuh C B, et al. Mineralogical and textural controls on the organic composition of coastal marine sediments: Hydrodynamic separation using SPLITT-fractionation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(2): 879-893.

Keil R G, Tsamakis E, Giddings J C, et al. Biochemical distributions (amino acids, neutral sugars, and lignin phenols) among size-classes of modern marine sediments from the Washington coast[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998, 62(8): 1347-1364.

Arnarson T S, Keil R G. Organic-mineral interactions in marine sediments studied using density fractionation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, 32(12): 1401-1415.

Giddings J C. A system based on Split-Flow Lateral-Transport Thin (SPLITT) separation cells for rapid and continuous particle fractionation [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1985, 20(9/10): 749-768.

Giddings J C. Continuous separation in Split-Flow Thin (SPLITT) cells: potential applications to biological materials [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1988, 23(8/9): 931-943.

Walling D E, Woodward J C. Use of a field-based water elutriation system for monitoring the in situ particle size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment[J]. Water Research, 1993, 27(9): 1413-1421.

何会军, 于志刚, 陈洪涛, 等. 水淘选颗粒物分级方法的研究与应用[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2010, 40(2): 68-72. He Huijun, Yu Zhigang, Chen Hongtao, et al. The water elutriator method for particle size seperation and its application[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2010, 40(2): 68-72.

张龙军, 刘立芳, 张向上. 应用多元线性回归法测定黄河口不同粒径悬浮物中的有机碳含量[J]. 分析化学, 2008, 36(5): 567-571. Zhang Longjun, Liu Lifang, Zhang Xiangshang. Application of multiple linear regression in studying particulate organic carbon content in size fractioned total suspended solids in Huanghe estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2008, 36(5): 567-571.

Zhang L J, Zhang J, Gong M N. Size distributions of hydrocarbons in suspended particles from the Yellow River[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2009, 24(7): 1168-1174.

Zhang L J, Wang L, Cai W J, et al. Impact of human activities on organic carbon transport in the Yellow River[J]. Biogeosciences, 2013, 10: 2513-2524.

He H J, Chen H T, Yao Q Z, et al. Behavior of different phosphorus species in suspended particulate matter in the Changjiang estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2009, 27(4): 859-868.

He H J, Yu Z G, Yao Q Z, et al. The hydrological regime and particulate size control phosphorus form in the suspended solid fraction in the dammed Huanghe (Yellow River) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 2010, 638(1): 203-211.

Zhu C, Xue B, Pan J M, et al. The dispersal of sedimentary terrestrial organic matter in the East China Sea (ECS) as revealed by biomarkers and hydro-chemical characteristics[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2008, 39(8): 952-957.

Li X X, Bianchi T S, Allison M A, et al. Composition, abundance and age of total organic carbon in surface sediments from the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2012, 145/147: 37-52.

Lin T, Hu L M, Guo Z G, et al. Deposition fluxes and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River estuarine-inner shelf in the East China Sea[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2013, 27(1): 77-87.

Yao P, Zhao B, Bianchi T S, et al. Remineralization of sedimentary organic carbon in mud deposits of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf: implications for carbon preservation and authigenic mineral formation[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2014, 91: 1-11.

Waterson E J, Canuel E A. Sources of sedimentary organic matter in the Mississippi River and adjacent Gulf of Mexico as revealed by lipid biomarker and δ¹³C_TOC analyses[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2008, 39(4): 422-439.

Andersson A. A systematic examination of a random sampling strategy for source apportionment calculations[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, 412-413: 232-238.

Vonk J E, Sánchez-García L, Semiletov I P, et al. Molecular and radiocarbon constraints on sources and degradation of terrestrial organic carbon along the Kolyma paleoriver transect, East Siberian Sea[J]. Biogeosciences, 2010, 7: 3153-3166.

Karlsson E S, Charkin A, Dudarev O, et al. Carbon isotopes and lipid biomarker investigation of sources, transport and degradation of terrestrial organic matter in the Buor-Khaya Bay, SE Laptev Sea[J]. Biogeosciences, 2011, 8: 1865-1879.

Li D, Yao P, Bianchi T S, et al. Organic carbon cycling in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf: implication for the influence of Three Gorges Dam[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2014, 139: 409-419.

Zhang J, Wu Y, Jennerjahn T C, et al. Distribution of organic matter in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and their stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios: implications for source discrimination and sedimentary dynamics[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2007, 106(1/2): 111-126.

Yu H, Wu Y, Zhang J, et al. Impact of extreme drought and the Three Gorges Dam on transport of particulate terrestrial organic carbon in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2011, 116(F4): F04029.

Zhu C, Wang Z H, Xue B, et al. Characterizing the depositional settings for sedimentary organic matter distributions in the Lower Yangtze River-East China Sea Shelf System[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 93(3): 182-191.

Bergamaschi B A, Tsamakis E, Keil R G, et al. The effect of grain size and surface area on organic matter, lignin and carbohydrate concentration, and molecular compositions in Peru Margin sediments[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61(6): 1247-1260.

Liu Z F, Breecker D, Mayer L M, et al. Composition of size-fractioned sedimentary organic matter in coastal environments is affected by difference in physical forcing strength[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2013, 60: 20-32.

Redfield A C, Ketchum B H, Richards F A. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water[M]//Hill M N. The Sea, Vol. 2. New York: Interscience, 1963: 26-87.

Fry B, Sherr E B. δ¹³C measurements as indicators of carbon flow in marine and freshwater ecosystems[M]//Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research. New York: Springer, 1989: 196-229.

Hedges J I, Keil R G, Benner R. What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean?[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997, 27(5/6): 195-212.

Meyers P A. Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997, 27(5/6): 213-250.

Goni M A, Teixeira M J, Perkeya D W. Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA)[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 57(5/6): 1023-1048.

Tesi T, Miserocchi S, Goni M A, et al. Source, transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Lions, France[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2007, 105(1/2): 107-117.

Hedges J I, Oades J M. Comparative organic geochemistries of soils and marine sediments[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997, 27(7/8): 319-361.

Pancost R D, Boot C S. The palaeoclimatic utility of terrestrial biomarkers in marine sediments [J]. Marine Chemistry, 2004, 92(1/4): 239-261.

Liu J P, Li A C, Xu K H, et al. Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2006, 26(17/18): 2141-2156.

Liu J P, Xu K H, Li A C, et al. Flux and fate of Yangtze River sediment delivered to the East China Sea[J]. Geomorphology, 2007, 85(3/4): 208-224.

Hedges J I, Mann D C. The characterization of plant tissues by their lignin oxidation products[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979, 43(11): 1803-1807.

Hedges J I, Clark W A, Cowie G L. Organic matter sources to the water column and surficial sediments of a marine bay[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1988, 33(5): 1116-1136.

Goni M A, Ruttenberg K C, Eglinton T I. A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998, 62(18): 3055-3075.

柯金虎, 朴世龙, 方精云. 长江流域植被净第一性生产力及其时空格局研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(6): 764-770. Ke Jinhu, Pu Shilong, Fang Jingyun. NPP and its spatio-temporal patterns in the Yangtze River watershed[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2003, 27(6): 764-770.

Goni M A, Nelson B, Blanchette R A, et al. Fungal degradation of wood lignins: geochemical perspectives from CuO-derived phenolic dimers and monomers[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1993, 57(16): 3985-4002.

Opsahl S, Benner R. Early diagenesis of vascular plant tissues: lignin and cutin decomposition and biogeochemical implications[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995, 59(23): 4889-4904.

Bianchi T S, Argyrou M, Chippett H F. Contribution of vascular-plant carbon to surface sediments across the coastal margin of Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean)[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1999, 30(5): 287-297.

Sánchez-García L, Ramón de Andrés L, Antonio Martín-Rubí J, et al. Diagenetic state and source characterization of marine sediments from the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Spain), constrained by terrigenous biomarkers[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2009, 40(2): 184-194.

Jex C N, Pate G H, Blyth A J, et al. Lignin biogeochemistry: from modern processes to Quaternary archives[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2014, 87: 46-59.

Hedges J I, Blanchette R A, Weliky K, et al. Effects of fungal degradation on the CuO oxidation products of lignin: a controlled laboratory study[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1988, 52(11): 2717-2726.

Prahl F G, Ertel J R, Goni M A, et al. Terrestrial organic carbon contributions to sediments on the Washington margin[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(14): 3035-3048.

Louchouarn P, Lucotte M, Farella N. Historical and geographical variations of sources and transport of terrigenous organic matter within a large-scale coastal environment[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1999, 30(7): 675-699.

Farella N, Lucotte M, Louchouarn P, et al. Deforestation modifying terrestrial organic transport in the Rio Tapajós, Brazilian Amazon[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2001, 32(12): 1143-1458.

Houel S, Louchouarn P, Lucotte M, et al. Translocation of soil organic matter following reservoir impoundment in boreal systems: implications for in situ productivity[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2006, 51(3): 1497-1513.

Dittmar T, Lara R J. Molecular evidence for lignin degradation in sulfate-reducing mangrove sediments (Amazônia, Brazil)[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65(9): 1417-1428.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计