渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究

刘晓收; 范颖; 史书杰; 华尔; 张志南

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.005

渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.12.005

中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 山东青岛 266003

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(40730847,41006081);中国海洋大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(201462008)。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-02-16
- 修回日期: 2014-03-06

Studies on the species composition and community structure of macrofauna in the Bohai Sea,China

College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

摘要

摘要: 本文利用2008年8月在渤海23个站位采集的样品对大型底栖动物的丰度、生物量、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。共鉴定出大型底栖动物300种,主要类群包括环节动物多毛类、节肢动物甲壳类、软体动物、棘皮动物等。研究海域大型底栖动物的平均丰度为1 094.7 ind/m²,平均生物量为11.78 g/m²,其中丰度最高区位于辽东湾,最低区位于渤海湾;生物量最高区位于渤海中部,最低区出现在渤海海峡湾口处。依据丰度和生物量进行了CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序图分析,结果可将研究站位划分为6个站组,均与沉积物底质类型密切相关。所研究海域底质类型包括黏土质粉砂、砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂-粉砂-黏土5种。通过BIOENV分析,发现影响大型底栖动物群落结构和分布的主要环境因子有水深、黏土粉砂含量、脱镁叶绿酸含量、叶绿素含量等。与20世纪90年代历史数据的对比发现,本次研究大型底栖动物的物种数目明显减少,平均丰度也减少,特别是优势物种表现出了小型化趋势,传统的大型种类,如心形海胆、双壳类等,被小个体的多毛类和甲壳类所取代。本研究表明渤海近年来受人类活动影响,出现了不同程度的污染,导致大型底栖动物群落结构发生了变化。
- 大型底栖动物 /
- 丰度 /
- 生物量 /
- 群落结构 /
- 渤海
Abstract: In this paper,the abundance,biomass,community structure of macrofauna and its relationship with environmental factors in the Bohai Sea were studied using the samples collected from 23 stations in August 2008. A total of 300 species were identified,among which the major taxa were polychaetes,crustaceans,mollusks and echinoderms. The average abundance of macrofauna was 1 094.7 ind/m²,and the average biomass was 11.78 g/m². The highest abundance was located in Liaodong Bay,while the lowest was in Bohai Bay. The highest biomass was located in the middle of the Bohai Sea,while the lowest appeared in Bohai Strait. CLUSTER and MDS analysis based on the abundance data showed that six communities groups could be divided,which were closely related to the types of sediment. The sediment types in this area included clayey silt,sand,sandy silt,silt sand and sand-silt-clay. BIOENV analysis showed that the major environmental factors affecting the community macrofaunal structure and distribution were water depth,sediment silt-clay percentage,phaeophorbide and chlorophyll contents. The number of species and average abundance of macrofauna in the area have obviously declined compared with the historical data in 1990s. It is noted that the dominant species showed a miniaturization trend. The traditionally dominant large-sized species,such as heart urchin and bivalves,were replaced by small-sized polychaetes and crustaceans. The present study showed that the Bohai Sea was affected by human activities and suffered various degrees of pollution in recent years,resulting in the changes of macrofauna community structure.
- macrofauna /
- abundance /
- biomass /
- community structure /
- Bohai Sea

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