近年北极东北和西北航道开通状况分析

李春花; 李明; 赵杰臣; 张林; 田忠翔

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.10.004

近年北极东北和西北航道开通状况分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.10.004

国家海洋环境预报中心国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京 100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41376188，41206184）；海洋公益性行业科研专项（201205007）；极地考察专项（CHINARE-03-01）；国家海洋局极地对外合作项目（IC201211）。

计量
- 文章访问数: 1717
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 798
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-03-06
- 修回日期: 2014-06-15

Navigable status analysis of Arctic Northeast and Northwest Passage in recent years

Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 利用微波卫星遥感数据对北极东北航道和西北航道近年来的冰情变化，以及影响航道开通的关键区域和每年的开通状况进行了分析和总结，并对航道未来的可能冰情状况进行了展望，期望对航道利用者有所帮助。东北航道全线开通期主要集中在8月下旬至10月上旬，开通总天数多在40~50 d；西北航道南线开通期主要集中在8月上中旬至10月上旬，开通总天数多在50~60 d；西北航道北线开通时间主要集中在9月。东北航道冰情最为复杂的是连接拉普捷夫海和喀拉海的北地群岛区域海冰，也是影响航道开通的关键区。影响西北航道南线开通的关键主要是威廉王岛附近维多利亚海峡、威尔士王子岛东侧的皮尔海峡和北侧巴罗海峡区域的海冰状况；影响北线开通的关键区域是班克斯岛西北部的麦克卢尔海峡和梅尔维尔子爵海峡；东北航道可通航性优于西北航道。虽然气候变化大背景下北极海冰总量减少，但由于海冰流动性增强，局部海冰变化愈发复杂，海冰分布年际差异较大，需要加强北极海冰监测和预报能力，为未来航道利用提供保障。
- 北极 /
- 海冰 /
- 航道
Abstract: Using microwave satellite remote sensing data,the sea ice conditions in key regions of Arctic Northeast Passage and Northwest Passage in recent summers were analyzed and the navigable status from 2002 to 2013 were summarized. The navigable period of Northeast Passage was mainly in late August to early October,and navigable windows was 40 to 50 days; South line of Northwest Passage was free to navigate mainly in early-middle August to early October,and about 50 to 60 days; North line of Northwest Passage was navigable mainly in September. For the Northeast Passage,the ice condition in Severnaya Zemlya,which connecting the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea,was the most complex,which was the key region determining North Passage navigable or not. The key regions affecting South line of Northwest Passage navigation were King William Island near Victoria Strait,North Peel Channel and Barrow Strait; and the key regions affecting North line of Northwest Passage were Northwest Banks Island,McClure Strait and Melville Sound. Arctic Northeast Passage is easier for navigation compared with the Northwest Passage. Sea ice extent in Arctic was reducing but the ice kinetic ability was enhanced due to sea ice thickness thinner and friable,which induced the sea ice complexity in local area. The capacity of sea ice monitoring and forecasting should be strengthened for the safety of Arctic navigation.
- Arctic /
- sea ice /
- navigable

HTML全文

参考文献(18)

白春江, 李志华, 杨佐昌. 北极航线探讨[J]. 航海技术, 2009(5): 7-9.

尚文琦. "东北航道"全年通航的影响[J]. 中国国情国力, 2012(5): 36-37.

李振福. 北极航线的中国战略分析[J]. 中国软科学, 2009(1): 1-7.

Khon V C, Mokhov I I, Latif M, et al. Perspectives of northern sea route and northwest passage in the twenty-first century[J]. Climate Change, 2010, 100(3/4): 757-768.

苏洁, 徐栋, 赵进平, 等. 北极加速变暖条件下西北航道的海冰分布变化特征[J]. 极地研究, 2010, 22(2): 104-124.

孟上, 李明, 田忠翔, 等. 北极东北航道海冰变化特征分析研究[J]. 海洋预报, 2013, 30(2): 8-13.

付强. 北极西北航道通航关键海区海冰变化规律研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2012.

Cressey D. Arctic melt opens Northwest passage[J]. Nature, 2007, 449: 267.

Shibata H, Izumiyama K, Tateyama K, et al. Interannual changes in sea ice coverage on the Northwest passage obtained by satellite microwave data[D]//Proceedings of the Twenty-second International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Rhodes, Greece: ISOPE, 2012: 1315-1322.

Howell S E L, Wohlleben T, Dabboor M, et al. Recent changes in the exchange of sea ice between the Arctic Ocean and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2013, 118(7):3595-3607.

Spreen G, Kaleschke L, Heygster G. Sea ice remote sensing using AMSR-E 89 GHz channels[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2008, 113:CO2S03.

Eger K M. Marine traffic in the Arctic[R]. Project Report, Norwegian Mapping Authority, Oslo, 2011.

Chapman W L, Walsh J E. Recent variations of sea ice and air temperatures in high latitudes[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1993, 74(1): 33-47.

Ebert E E, Curry J A. Intermediate one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interactions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1993, 98(C6): 10085-10109.

Light B, Grenfell T C, Perovich D K. Transmission and absorption of solar radiation by Arctic sea ice during the melt season[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2008, 113:C03023.

Zhang J, Rothrock D, Steele M. Recent changes in arctic sea ice: the interplay between ice dynamics and thermodynamics[J]. Journal of Climate, 2000, 13∶3099-3114.

Stern H L, Lindsay R W. Spatial scaling of Arctic sea ice deformation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114:C10017.

田忠翔, 李春花, 张林, 等. 气候态下的北极海冰运动特征[J]. 海洋预报, 2012, 29(6): 66-73.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计