中太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿的空间分布规律研究

马维林; 杨克红; 包更生; 张恺; 董如洲; 初凤友

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.07.009

中太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿的空间分布规律研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.07.009

1.
国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310012;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所, 浙江杭州 310012
2.
国家海洋局第二海洋研究所, 浙江杭州 310012

基金项目: 国家大洋专项（DY125-13-R-04，DYXM-115-01-1-04）；海洋公益性行业科研专项（201005003）。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-08-29
- 修回日期: 2014-03-04

Spatial distribution study of cobalt-rich crusts ore formation on the central Pacific seamount

1.
Key Laboratory of submarine Geosciences of State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
2.
Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China

摘要

摘要:
海山是富钴结壳主要的成矿载体，结壳成矿分布不仅受到海洋最低含氧带、碳酸盐补偿深度、生物生产力、物质来源、海水氧含量等大尺度宏观因素的影响，同时也受到海山地形、沉积作用和底层海流冲刷等小尺度微观因素的控制。通过对以中太平洋R海山为主的水下结壳成矿与分布的深入研究，发现结壳富集区以海山浅水区域为主；地形地貌上的尖顶高地区、顶坡过渡带、山体鞍部、山脊、斜坡上部等区域结壳质量较好，覆盖率高；下斜坡、山谷、山顶平坦区和斜坡区平缓台地是结壳贫乏区，结壳厚度小、覆盖率也低；15°以下的小坡度地形结壳成矿较好，3°~7°最佳，15°以上的大坡度区质量有所下降，陡崖区最差。地形对结壳分布和成矿起基础性影响作用，沉积作用和底流冲刷分别起到阻滞和促进作用，海流是保持低坡度区结壳长期稳定生长的关键因素，地形控矿本质上是和底层流联合对抗沉积堆积作用的过程。
- 中太平洋海山 /
- 富钴结壳 /
- 成矿 /
- 空间分布 /
- 地形 /
- 底层流 /
- 沉积作用
Abstract:
Seamounts in the ocean are the main base of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (hereinafter called crusts) mineralization. The distribution of crusts is not only influenced by large-scale macroscopic factors, for example the oxygen minimum zone, the carbonate compensation depth, biological productivity, ore-forming material sources and oxygen content of the seawater etc, but also controlled by small-scale factors of seamount topography, marine sedimentation and bottom current scouring. Based on in-depth study of ore formation and distribution of cobalt-rich crusts on the Seamount R, central Pacific mainly, those are discovered that crusts enrich in the shallower water on seamount, elevation of the summit, translation zone between summit and slope, saddle, ridge and upper slope are all favorable topography for crust mineralization with better quality and coverage, whereas the down slope, valley, flat region of the summit and subdued platform of the slope are pauvre of crusts, with smaller thickness and coverage, the mineralization of crusts is better in area with gradient less than 15°, optimal in 3° to 7°, and where with gradient larger than 15° will degressive, and become worst in cliff area, seamount topography have a fundamental influence on distribution and mineralization of the crusts, sedimentation and bottom current scouring play a part of obstruction and promotion individually, bottom current is the key factor to ensure long-term growth of crusts on lower gradient, the essence of controlling on crusts mineralization by seamount topography is a process to countermine sedimentation by cooperation between bottom current and topography.
- central Pacific seamount /
- cobalt-rich crusts /
- mineralization /
- spatial distribution /
- topography /
- bottom current /
- sedimentation

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