热带太平洋第二类El Ni&#241;o事件及其对中国气候的影响

陈永利; 赵永平; 王凡; 官聪

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.05.004

热带太平洋第二类El Niño事件及其对中国气候的影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2014.05.004

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266071;中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071
2.
中国科学院海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266071;中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目（2012CB417401）；中国科学院战略先导性专项（XDA05090404）共同资助。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-05-04
- 修回日期: 2013-11-11

The second-type El Niño events in the tropical Pacific and its impact on the climate of China

1.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 基于热带太平洋次表层海温资料，分析了热带太平洋第二类El Niño事件海温异常的分布特征及其形成机制，讨论了与经典El Niño事件、El Niño Modoki、WP（西太平洋暖池）及CT（冷舌）El Niño事件之间的关系，揭示了第二类El Niño事件对中国降水的影响，得到以下结论。（1）第二类El Niño事件为热带太平洋次表层海温异常第三模态，占总方差贡献的4.7%。在海洋表面层，第二类El Niño事件暖期赤道东太平洋为沿赤道西伸的冷舌，热带中西太平洋为环绕冷舌的马蹄型大范围暖区。该型具11 a和30~40 a年代际振荡及3~4 a年际变率，峰值多出现在春季。第二类El Niño事件是热带太平洋异常海面风应力场和赤道两侧的风应力旋度共同作用的结果，在赤道东印度洋-中西太平洋与赤道东太平洋-南美洲上空以反号垂直运动为特征的异常Walker环流。（2）El Niño Modoki与第二类El Niño事件有密切关系，它实质上是第二类El Niño事件次表层海温与近海面大气相互作用的结果，捕捉了第二类El Niño事件的主要信息。（3）第二类El Niño事件对中国春季及夏初降水有一定影响。在事件暖期，东海地区存在一个显著的异常反气旋性环流，其南侧的中国南方地区盛行异常东北气流，水汽来源减少，导致该地区少雨，其西侧的异常偏南气流北上直达华北地区，异常多水汽向北输送，并与北方的偏北流场相遇，导致该地区降水偏多。在第二类El Niño事件冷期相反。本文结果还指出，WP与CT El Niño事件是由经典El Niño事件第一模态与El Niño Modoki事件组合而成，它们不是独立的El Niño类型。此外，还讨论了夏半年El Niño事件对大气环流影响的物理过程。
- 热带太平洋 /
- 第二类ElNiñ /
- o事件 /
- 形成机制 /
- ElNiñ /
- oModoki /
- 中国气候异常
Abstract: Based on subsurface sea temperature datasets in the tropical Pacific,we analyze the spatial patterns and formation mechanism of the second-type El Niño events,and discuss its relationship with the classic El Niño event,El Niño Modoki,WP-and CT-type El Niño events. Also revealed is the impact of the second-type El Niño events to the precipitation variations in China. Results are summarized as follows.（1) The second-type El Niño event is the third EOF mode of subsurface temperature anomalies（SOTA) in the tropical Pacific,which explains 4.7% of the total variance. At the warm phase of this mode,sea surface temperature anomalies（SSTA) is composed of an anomalous warming in the central tropical Pacific flanked by an SST to the east that is a cold tongue strengthening westward along the equator in the eastern Pacific. This mode has a interannual period of 3—4 year and 11 and 30—40 years long terms periods,with most mode peaks occurring in spring. The second-type El Niño events result from the combined effects of the anomalous sea surface wind stress in tropical Pacific and the wind stress curl on both sides of the equator,accompanied with anomalous Walker-circulation which are characterized by reversing vertical motions between the eastern Indian/western Pacific and the eastern Pacific/South America near the equator.（2) El Niño Modoki is shown to be closely associated the second-type El Niño event. It results from the air-sea interaction and catches primarily message of the second-type El Niño events.(3) The second-type El Niño events also influence the precipitation in China during spring and early summer. At its warm phase,an anomalous anti-cyclone develops over the East China Sea. Its southern flank results in anomalous northeast winds and reduced precipitation in the southern China. Its western flank transports more than normal vapor to the northern China,which confluences with the north winds,leading to more precipitation in this region. The opposite is valid at its cold phase. Moreover,we show that WP-and CT-type El Niño events are not independent El Niño types,but barely combinations of the classical El Niño and El Niño Modoki. Also addressed in this study are the physical processes of the influence of El Niño events on atmospheric circulation in summertime.
- tropical Pacific /
- the second-type El Niñ /
- o events /
- formation mechanism /
- El Niñ /
- o Modoki /
- climate of China

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