河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系

余思湉; 赵祺; 李建都; 招家宝; 尤凯; 张沛东

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024110

河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024110

余思湉^1,,
赵祺¹,
李建都^{2, 3},
招家宝¹,
尤凯¹,
张沛东^1, ,

1.
中国海洋大学，海水养殖教育部重点实验室，青岛 266003
2.
辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院，大连 116023
3.
农业农村部水产种质资源保护与发掘利用重点实验室，大连 116023

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401102)。

详细信息

作者简介:
余思湉（1999—），女，浙江省金华市人，主要从事浮游生物学研究。E-mail：401934384@qq.com

通讯作者:
张沛东（1975—），男，河北省张家口市人，教授，主要从事海洋牧场生境构建和资源养护研究。E-mail：zhangpdsg@ouc.edu.cn

中图分类号: S931.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-22
- 修回日期: 2024-05-30
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-01

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of net-collected phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with key environmental factors in the artificial reef area of Xiangyun Bay, Hebei Province

Yu Sitian^1
,,
Zhao Qi¹,
Li Jiandu^{2, 3},
Zhao Jiabao¹,
You Kai¹,
Zhang Peidong^{1
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
2.
Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian 116023, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构特征的时空变化规律，明确人工鱼礁区建设对浮游植物的养护效果及其与环境因子的关系，于2021年5月、8月、11月和2022年1月对祥云湾人工鱼礁区及对照区海域开展了网采浮游植物和关键环境因子季度调查。结果表明，4个季度共发现浮游植物3门39属70种，其中硅藻种类数最多（78.6%）；浮游植物丰度呈现显著季节变化，夏、秋季丰度最高，2处人工鱼礁区浮游植物的年平均丰度为313.5 × 10⁴ cells/m³，是对照区浮游植物丰度的1.4倍；除春季外，人工鱼礁区浮游植物的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于对照区，且礁区春−夏和夏−秋季节礁区优势种更替率低于对照区，表明人工鱼礁区群落结构相比对照区更稳定；人工鱼礁区浮游植物主要类群的生物增量指数为0.9～3.6，特别是硅藻类群的生物增量指数平均达到1.8；Pearson相关性分析显示，浮游植物丰度主要受TP、TN、NH₄-N、NO₃-N和DIP的影响，且各季节之间存在显著差异。研究表明，人工鱼礁建设对浮游植物具有良好的养护效果，且养护效果主要与营养盐的时空变化密切相关。
- 浮游植物 /
- 生物增量效果 /
- 时空异质性 /
- 环境驱动 /
- 人工鱼礁
Abstract: In order to investigate the characteristics and spatial-temporal variations of the phytoplankton community in artificial reef areas, as well as to elucidate the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors associated with artificial reef construction, four surveys were conducted in 2021 (May, August, November) and 2022 (January) at two artificial reef areas and a control area in Xiangyun Bay. A total of 70 phytoplankton taxa belonging to 39 genera and 3 classes were identified in this study. The annual average abundance of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas was recorded as 313.5 × 10⁴ cells/m³, which were 1.4 times higher than that observed in the control area. Except in spring, the richness index, diversity index and evenness index of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas were higher than those in the control area. The succession rate of dominant species from spring to summer and from summer to autumu in the reef areas were lower than that in the control area, suggesting greater stability of community structure within artificial reef areas compared to the control area. The biological increment index for each phytoplankton taxon ranged from 0.9 to 3.6; notably, Bacillariophyta displayed an average biological increment index value of 1.8. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that phytoplankton abundance was primarily influenced by TP, TN, NH₄-N, NO₃-N and DIP; significant seasonal differences were observed among these variables. These findings demonstrate that artificial reef construction has a positive conservation effect on phytoplankton communities closely related to temporal and spatial changes in nutrient availability.
- phytoplankton /
- biotic augmentation effects /
- spatiotemporal heterogeneity /
- environmental driving /
- artificial reefs

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图 1 调查站位设置

Fig. 1 Setting of survey stations

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图 2 人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物物种数的比较

A、B和C分别代表A礁区、B礁区和对照区

Fig. 2 Comparison of phytoplankton species numbers in artificial reef areas and control area

A, B and C represent reef area A, reef area B and control area, respectively

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图 3 人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物细胞丰度的比较

误差线上的不同小写字母表示浮游植物丰度在相同季节不同调查区域之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）

Fig. 3 Comparison of phytoplankton cell abundance in artificial reef areas and control area

Different lowercase letters on the error bars indicate significant differences in phytoplankton abundance between different survey areas in the same season (P < 0.05)

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图 4 人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物群落特征指数的比较

误差线上的不同小写字母表示浮游植物群落特征指数在相同季节不同调查区域之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）

Fig. 4 Comparison of phytoplankton community parameters in artificial reef areas and control area

Different lowercase letters on the error bars indicate significant differences in phytoplankton community parameters between different survey areas in the same season (P < 0.05)

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图 5 人工鱼礁区春季（a）、夏季（b）、秋季（c）和冬季（d）生物增量指数

A和B分别代表A礁区和B礁区；*代表生物增量指数在相同季节不同礁区之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）

Fig. 5 Biological increment index of artificial reef areas in spring (a), summer (b), autumn (c) and winter (d)

A and B represent reef area A and reef area B, respectively; * represents significant difference in biological increment index between reef area A and reef area B in the same season (P < 0.05)

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图 6 人工鱼礁区和对照区春季（a）、夏季（b）、秋季（c）和冬季（d）浮游植物丰度与环境因子的相关性分析

AA代表A礁区浮游植物丰度，AB代表B礁区植物丰度，AC代表对照区浮游植物丰度，DO代表溶解氧，TN代表总氮，TP代表总磷，DIP代表溶解无机磷，NH₄-N代表氨氮，NO₂-N代表亚硝态氮，NO₃-N代表硝态氮；*代表在0.05级别（双尾）相关性显著；**代表在0.01级别（双尾）相关性极显著

Fig. 6 Pearson's correlation analysis between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors of artificial reef areas and control area in spring (a), summer (b), autumn (c) and winter (d)

AA represent phytoplankton abundance in reef area A; AB represent phytoplankton abundance in reef area B; AC represent phytoplankton abundance in control area; DO represent dissolved oxygen; TN represent total nitrogen; TP represent total phosphorus; DIP represent dissolved inorganic phosphorus; NH₄-N represent ammonia nitrogen; NO₂-N represent nitrous nitrogen; NO₃-N represent nitrate nitrogen; * represent significant correlation at 0.05 (two-tailed); ** represent very significant correlation at 0.01 (two-tailed)

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表 1 人工鱼礁区和对照区环境因子的时空变化

Tab. 1 Spatio-temporal variations of environmental factors in artificial reef areas and control area

环境指标	区域	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
水温T/℃	A	16.13 ± 0.25^a	26.83 ± 0.13^a	13.80 ± 0.20^a	1.99 ± 0.01^a
	B	16.05 ± 0.11^a	26.80 ± 0.13^a	13.60 ± 0.03^a	2.00 ± 0.02^a
	C	16.07 ± 0.12^a	26.89 ± 0.12^a	13.65 ± 0.15^a	2.00 ± 0.03^a
盐度S	A	31.85 ± 0.78^a	29.23 ± 0.13^a	33.75 ± 0.25^a	32.84 ± 0.29^a
	B	32.05 ± 0.13^a	29.40 ± 0.10^a	33.50 ± 0.02^a	32.77 ± 0.05^a
	C	31.95 ± 0.15^a	29.47 ± 0.16^a	33.00 ± 0.00^a	32.77 ± 0.08^a
溶解氧DO 质量浓度/ （mg·L⁻¹）	A	8.96 ± 0.02^a	8.74 ± 0.04^b	9.64 ± 0.07^a	7.70 ± 0.24^b
	B	8.75 ± 0.03^a	9.14 ± 0.04^a	9.64 ± 0.07^a	8.09 ± 0.03^a
	C	8.97 ± 0.21^a	8.61 ± 0.08^c	9.62 ± 0.30^a	7.56 ± 0.30^b
酸碱度pH	A	8.12 ± 0.02^a	8.10 ± 0.02^a	7.40 ± 0.20^a	8.04 ± 0.02^a
	B	8.07 ± 0.07^a	8.10 ± 0.02^a	7.20 ± 0.00^a	8.04 ± 0.02^a
	C	8.12 ± 0.02^a	8.14 ± 0.02^a	8.14 ± 0.03^a	8.06 ± 0.01^a
总氮TN 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.66 ± 0.04^b	2.24 ± 0.06^a	0.90 ± 0.06^b	1.19 ± 0.30^b
	B	0.76 ± 0.06^b	2.31 ± 0.11^a	1.00 ± 0.09^a	1.29 ± 0.17^a
	C	1.13 ± 0.18^a	2.11 ± 0.04^b	1.09 ± 0.10^a	1.18 ± 0.10^b
总磷TP 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.17 ± 0.03^b	0.29 ± 0.06^a	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.16 ± 0.01^a
	B	0.17 ± 0.04^b	0.22 ± 0.05^a	0.09 ± 0.03^b	0.14 ± 0.02^b
	C	0.20 ± 0.02^a	0.16 ± 0.04^b	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.13 ± 0.01^b
无机磷DIP 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.11 ± 0.02^a	0.06 ± 0.01^b	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.01^a
	B	0.09 ± 0.02^b	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.10 ± 0.01^a
	C	0.06 ± 0.04^c	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.01^b
氨氮NH₄-N 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.15 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^c	0.04 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.03^a
	B	0.13 ± 0.02^a	0.16 ± 0.06^a	0.05 ± 0.01^b	0.14 ± 0.03^a
	C	0.17 ± 0.04^a	0.12 ± 0.04^b	0.06 ± 0.03^a	0.11 ± 0.03^a
硝态氮 NO₃-N 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.21 ± 0.20^a	0.02 ± 0.02^c	0.31 ± 0.01^a	0.30 ± 0.01^a
	B	0.06 ± 0.04^a	0.10 ± 0.01^a	0.32 ± 0.02^a	0.33 ± 0.03^a
	C	0.09 ± 0.03^b	0.09 ± 0.05^a	0.26 ± 0.05^b	0.37 ± 0.05^a
亚硝态氮 NO₂-N 质量浓度/ （10⁻¹mg·L⁻¹）	A	0.21 ± 0.01^a	0.28 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	0.20 ± 0.05^a
	B	0.18 ± 0.04^a	0.32 ± 0.06^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.04^a
	C	0.10 ± 0.03^b	0.27 ± 0.03^a	0.27 ± 0.05^a	0.10 ± 0.05^b
A、B和C分别代表A礁区、B礁区和对照区；数字上角a, b, c表示环境因子在相同季节不同调查区域之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

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表 2 人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物第1优势种及优势度指数的时空变化

Tab. 2 Spatial-temporal variations of the first dominant species and dominance index of phytoplankton in artificial reef areas and control area

时间	区域	第1优势种	优势度
春季	A	圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.	0.48
	B	圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.	0.38
	C	圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.	0.45
夏季	A	劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus	0.38
	B	劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus	0.35
	C	劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus	0.33
秋季	A	窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis	0.28
	B	旋链角毛藻 Chaetoceros curvisetus	0.28
	C	窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis	0.21
冬季	A	具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata	0.34
	B	具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata	0.39
	C	具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata	0.53
A、B和C分别代表A礁区、B礁区和对照区。

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表 3 人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物优势种的季节更替率

Tab. 3 The seasonal succession rate of the phytoplankton dominant species in artificial reef areas and control area

区域	春−夏	夏−秋	秋−冬	冬−春
A	0.92	0.75	0.88	0.78
B	0.93	0.80	1.00	0.92
C	1.00	0.88	0.91	0.89
A、B和C分别代表A礁区、B礁区和对照区。

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表 4 人工鱼礁区和对照区各浮游植物类群丰度的对比

Tab. 4 Comparison of phytoplankton taxa abundance in artificial reef areas and control area

时间	区域	平均丰度/（10⁴ cells·m⁻³）
时间	区域	硅藻	甲藻	金藻
春季	A	126.95 ± 27.12^b	4.95 ± 2.85^a	0^a
	B	135.74 ± 8.78^a	4.49 ± 2.82^a	0^a
	C	127.76 ± 80.63^b	2.53 ± 1.17^b	0^a
夏季	A	623.70 ± 121.05^b	19.86 ± 6.64^b	0.002 ± 0.00^a
	B	868.52 ± 168.49^a	15.16 ± 5.91^c	0.003 ± 0.00^a
	C	452.56 ± 158.27^c	26.53 ± 3.21^a	0^a
秋季	A	322.31 ± 73.07^a	8.91 ± 2.18^a	0^b
	B	343.58 ± 223.42^b	10.17 ± 6.33^a	0.08 ± 0.08^a
	C	275.26 ± 91.23^b	3.02 ± 1.15^b	0^b
冬季	A	18.53 ± 0.40^a	0.07 ± 0.07^a	0^a
	B	22.04 ± 1.64^a	0.12 ± 0.10^a	0^a
	C	20.49 ± 7.15^a	0.29 ± 0.21^a	0^a
A、B和C分别代表A礁区、B礁区和对照区；误差线上的不同小写字母表示浮游植物类群丰度在相同季节不同调查区域之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。

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表 5 人工鱼礁区和对照区常见赤潮种

Tab. 5 Common red tide species in artificial reef areas and control area

序号	学名	拉丁文
1	窄隙角毛藻	Chaetoceros affinis
2	旋链角毛藻	Chaetoceros curvisetus
3	柔弱角毛藻	Chaetoceros debilis
4	劳氏角毛藻	Chaetoceros lorenzianus
5	星脐圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus asteromphalus
6	格氏圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus granii
7	辐射列圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus radiatus
8	威利圆筛藻	Coscinodiscus wailesii
9	布氏双尾藻	Ditylum brightwellii
10	短角弯角藻	Eucampia zodiacus
11	薄壁几内亚藻	Guinardia flaccida
12	具槽帕拉藻	Melosira sulcata/Paralia sulcata
13	中华齿状藻	Odonella sinensis
14	尖刺拟菱形藻	Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
15	刚毛根管藻	Phizosolenia setigera
16	中肋骨条藻	Skeletonema costatum
17	佛氏海线藻	Thalassionema frauenfeldii
18	菱形海线藻	Thalassionema nitzschioides
19	圆海链藻	Thalassiosira rotula
20	叉状角藻	Ceratium furac
21	梭角藻	Ceratium fusus
22	三角角藻	Ceratium tripos

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