基于AquaMaps数据库的生物多样性分布格局研究

李露; 林东明

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024108

基于AquaMaps数据库的生物多样性分布格局研究以东南太平洋赤道、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁海域为例

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024108

李露^1,,
林东明^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ,}

1.
上海海洋大学海洋生物资源与管理学院，上海 201306
2.
大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室，上海 201306
3.
国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心，上海 201306
4.
农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室，上海 201306
5.
农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，上海 201306

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41876144);上海市人才发展资金项目(2020107); 农业农村部全球渔业资源调查监测评估项目(D-8021-23-0109-01)。

详细信息

作者简介:
李露（2000—），女，安徽省庐江县人，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋生物与生态学。E-mail：2727295125@qq.com

通讯作者:
林东明（1980—），男，广东省龙门县人，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为头足类繁殖生物生态学。E-mail：dmlin@shou.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q178.53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-09
- 修回日期: 2024-05-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-01

Study on biodiversity distribution patterns based on the AquaMaps database: A case study of the equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific Ocean

Li Lu^1
,,
Lin Dongming^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5
, ,}

1.
College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Ocean Fishery Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
3.
National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China
4.
Key Laboratory Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
5.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China

摘要

摘要: 生物多样性是生态系统稳定的重要生物基础。为探究东南太平洋的生物多样性及其对海域环境的响应关系，本研究基于AquaMaps数据库的物种数据，研究分析了赤道海域、厄瓜多尔以及秘鲁外海的Zeta多样性和生物多样性指数（Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数），并利用混合模型拟合分析生物多样性指数与海域环境因子的关系。结果显示，3个研究海域记录的相同物种数有118种，以鱼类为主；赤道海域Zeta多样性分析的共有物种数量为24.00，厄瓜多尔外海的为18.00，秘鲁外海的为12.00；在Zeta阶数2至Zeta阶数5之间，3个研究海域的Zeta比率增大明显，随后逐渐趋于稳定。赤道海域的Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数分别为13.34 ± 3.56，3.80 ± 0.25，0.61 ± 0.01，厄瓜多尔外海的分别为37.58 ± 36.49，4.67 ± 0.92，0.63 ± 0.02，秘鲁外海的分别为22.83 ± 18.95，4.22 ± 0.76和0.62 ± 0.02。3个研究海域之间的海表温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度及混合层深度均存在显著差异。生物多样性指数均与海表温度和海水盐度呈显著的负效应关系，而与叶绿素a浓度和混合层深度的关系不显著。研究表明，东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔外海及秘鲁外海的物种组成以鱼类为主，生物多样性存在海域间差异，以厄瓜多尔外海的生物多样性指数最高。
- 东南太平洋 /
- 生物多样性 /
- Zeta多样性 /
- 海洋环境 /
- 生态系统
Abstract: Biodiversity serves as a crucial biological foundation for ecosystem stability. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity of the southeast Pacific and its response to marine environmental conditions through analyzing Zeta diversity in equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru based on species data from the AquaMaps database. This study also examined the biodiversity indices, including Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index, and evaluated the relationships between these biodiversity indices and marine environment factors by using mixed-effects models. The results revealed that there were a total of 118 species commonly recorded across the three study areas, with fish being the predominant species group. Analysis of Zeta diversity revealed that the average compositional similarity was 24.00 species in the Equatorial waters, 18.00 species off the coast of Ecuador and 12.00 species offshore of Peru. The Zeta ratio notably increased from Zeta order 2 to Zeta order 5 across the study areas, stabilizing thereafter. The biodiversity indices were calculated as follows: in the equatorial waters the Margalef index was 13.34 ± 3.56, the Shannon-Wiener index was 3.80 ± 0.25, and the Pielou index was 0.61 ± 0.01. In the offshore of Ecuador, the indices were 37.58 ± 36.49 for the Margalef index, 4.67 ± 0.92 for the Shannon-Wiener index, and 0.63 ± 0.02 for the Pielou index. In the offshore of Peru, the indices were 22.83 ± 18.95 for the Margalef index, 4.22 ± 0.76 for the Shannon-Wiener index, and 0.62 ± 0.02 for the Pielou index. Significant differences were observed in sea surface temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and mixed layer depth between the equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru. The biodiversity indices showed significant negative correlations with sea surface temperature and salinity, but the effects from chlorophyll a concentration and mixed layer depth were not determined. The study suggests that the species composition in the equatorial water, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific is predominated by fish, and biodiversity varied spatially, with the highest biodiversity indices recorded in the offshore of Ecuador.
- southeast Pacific /
- biodiversity /
- Zeta diversity /
- marine environment /
- ecosystem.

HTML全文

图 1 东南太平洋研究海域以及研究单元

A：赤道海域、B：厄瓜多尔外海、C：秘鲁外海。每个海域均分为15个研究单元

Fig. 1 Study area and research units in the southeast Pacific

Note: A Equatorial water, B offshore of Ecuador, and C offshore of Peru. Each zone was divided into fifteen research units evenly

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图 2 东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔及秘鲁外海间的共有物种数

Fig. 2 Number of shared species by genus among the equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific

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图 3 东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔外海、秘鲁外海的物种分布的Zeta多样性分析结果

Fig. 3 The results of Zeta diversity analysis for species distribution in the equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific

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图 4 东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔外海、秘鲁外海的生物多样性指数

Fig. 4 The biodiversity indices for equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific

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图 5 2011-2020年东南太平洋海表温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度及混合层深度的年平均值

注：A 赤道海域，B 厄瓜多尔外海，C 秘鲁外海

Fig. 5 Annual averages of sea surface temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration and mixed layer depth in the southeast Pacific from 2011 to 2020

Note: A, Equatorial water; B, offshore of Ecuador; and C, offshore of Peru

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图 6 海表温度及海水盐度对东南太平洋生物多样性指数的效应关系

蓝色实线和灰色阴影分别表示GAMM拟合曲线及其95%置信区间

Fig. 6 The effects of sea surface temperature and salinity on the biodiversity indices in the southeast Pacific Ocean

Blue solid lines depict average model fits of generalized additive mixed-effects models, with 95% confidence intervals in grey shading

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表 1 2011−2020年东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔外海、秘鲁外海的环境因子数据

Tab. 1 Summary of environmental variables for the equatorial water, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific from 2011 to 2020

环境因子	赤道海域	厄瓜多尔外海	秘鲁外海	显著性检验
环境因子	赤道海域	厄瓜多尔外海	秘鲁外海	χ²	p
海表温度/℃	24.10～27.20 (25.17 ± 0.96)	21.10～26.50 (24.25 ± 0.74)	17.40～23.20 (21.27 ± 0.57)	32.70	0.01
海水盐度	33.50～34.90 (34.37 ± 0.39)	33.10～34.90 (34.26 ± 0.41)	34.40～35.60 (35.18 ± 0.18)	28.50	0.01
叶绿素a浓度 (mg·m⁻³)	0.07～0.26 (0.18 ± 0.04)	0.08～0.80 (0.24 ± 0.06)	0.18～1.15 (0.33 ± 0.06)	27.70	0.01
混合层深度/m	11.50～21.90 (16.00 ± 3.88)	10.90～20.70 (14.57 ± 1.17)	10.80～39.00 (22.21 ± 4.76)	18.23	0.01
注：括号数据为平均值 ± 标准差。

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表 2 东南太平洋赤道海域、厄瓜多尔外海、秘鲁外海生物多样性指数与环境因子的GAMM模型结果

Tab. 2 Results of generalized additive mixed-effects models performed biodiversity indices on marine environmental variables of equatorial waters, and offshores of Ecuador and Peru in the southeast Pacific

效应	模型参数因子	估计	标准误差	估计自由度	t	F	p
Margalef指数
随机效应	研究海域		0.01
	残差		0.84
固定效应	截距	−0.31	0.13		19.86		<2.00 × 10^–16
	海表温度			1		11.07	1.92 × 10^–3
	海水盐度			1		14.65	4.57 × 10^–4
	叶绿素a浓度			1		2.99	0.09
	混合层深度			1.61		2.65	0.07
Shannon-Wiener指数
随机效应	研究海域		0.19
	残差		0.75
固定效应	截距	−0.08	0.11		1.98		<2.00 × 10^–16
	海表温度			1		19.34	8.23 × 10^–5
	海水盐度			1		22.14	3.18 × 10^–5
	叶绿素a浓度			1		3.69	0.06
	混合层深度			1.98		2.46	0.08
Pielou指数
随机效应	研究海域		0.21
	残差		0.85
固定效应	截距	−0.15	0.13		3.65		<2.00 × 10^–16
	海表温度			1		5.69	0.02
	海水盐度			1		8.84	0.01
	叶绿素a浓度			1		2.23	0.13
	混合层深度			2.03		0.21	0.65

下载: 导出CSV

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