广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素

林佳; 庞碧剑; 林海英; 郭梅修; 黎明民; 赵静静; 骆鑫; 徐兴永; 潘科; 熊建华; 蓝文陆

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024094

广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024094

林佳^{1, 3,},
庞碧剑^{1, 2},
林海英³,
郭梅修¹,
黎明民¹,
赵静静¹,
骆鑫¹,
徐兴永²,
潘科⁴,
熊建华³,
蓝文陆^1, ,

1.
广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站，广西北海 536000
2.
自然资源部第四海洋研究所广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室，广西北海 536000
3.
广西大学资源环境与材料学院，广西南宁 530000
4.
深圳大学高等研究院，广东深圳，518060

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U23A2048）；广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室开放基金资助项目（MRESD-2022-B04）；科技基础资源调查专项（2023FY100800）；广西科技基地和人才专项（桂科AD23026330）；广西自然科学基金（2023GXNSFBA026253）；广西重点研发计划 (桂科AB22035065，桂科AB22035035)；北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目 (桂科23-026-271)。

详细信息

作者简介:
林佳（1998—），女，广西壮族自治区来宾市人，硕士研究生，研究方向：海洋生态学。E-mail： liya_jial@163.com

通讯作者:
蓝文陆（1980—），男，广西省河池市人，正高级工程师，研究方向海洋生态学。E-mail：dr.lan@139.com

中图分类号: Q178.53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-26
- 修回日期: 2024-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-01

Seasonal variation and influencing factors of zooplankton community structure in Weizhou Island of Guangxi

1.
Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, China
2.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beihai 536000, China
3.
School of Resources，Environment and Materials，Guangxi University, Guangxi 530000, China
4.
Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系，探究海岛附近海域浮游动物群落季节变化规律，于2022年1月（冬）、4月（春）、8月（夏）、11月（秋）对广西涠洲岛海域的浮游动物进行采样，分析浮游动物种类组成、丰度、生物量和优势种在4个季节间的变化特征及其主要环境影响因素。全年4个季节共鉴定出浮游动物224种（类），包括浮游幼虫25种（类），隶属于18个类群，以桡足类最多（78种），水螅水母类次之（35种）。浮游动物种类数量呈现出春>秋>冬>夏的季节变化特征，种类组成上呈现春>冬>秋>夏的季节变化特征，优势类群在季节上存在桡足类—赤潮生物和胶质性生物−毛颚类−桡足类的更替现象，浮游动物群落结构季节变化特征明显。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为（246.50 ± 158.75）ind./m³和（126.08 ± 192.27）mg/m³，春季的丰度和生物量均最高（712.80 ± 630.28）ind./m³和（367.79 ± 264.33）mg/m³，冬季的丰度最低（62.29 ±29.56）ind./m³，夏季的生物量最低（35.48 ± 19.88）mg/m³，丰度和生物量均存在明显的季节变化。RDA结果显示水温、盐度、营养盐和叶绿素a是影响广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构季节变化的主要环境因素，海洋季风引起水团发生季节性变化驱动着浮游动物优势种的演替。研究海域浮游动物的重要类群桡足类丰度季节变化特征与布氏鲸在涠洲岛海域的迁徙规律吻合，表明渔业基础饵料生物影响着布氏鲸的迁徙活动。此外，春季原生动物和胶质性生物大量增殖生长引起桡足类优势度下降的现象对涠洲岛海域产生的生态影响值得关注与探究。
- 涠洲岛 /
- 浮游动物 /
- 群落结构 /
- 季节变化 /
- 环境因子
Abstract: The seasonal variations of zooplankton communities in the nearby seas of the Island was investigated to know the relationship between the structure of zooplankton communities and environmental factors in the sea areas around Weizhou Island in Guangxi. Collecting samples of zooplankton communities were conducted in January (winter), April (spring), August (summer), and November (autumn) of 2022. The study examines the variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and dominant species across the four seasons, while also investigating their primary environmental influencing factors. A total of 224 species (classes) of zooplankton were identified throughout the four seasons of the year, including 25 species (classes) planktonic larvae, belonging to 18 groups. Copepods were the most abundant (78 species), followed by hydrozoan jellyfish (35 species). The number of zooplankton species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > autumn > winter > summer, and the composition of species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > winter > autumn > summer. The dominant species group exhibits a seasonal replacement phenomenon of copepods, red tide organisms, and glial organisms, as well as hairy jawbones and copepods. The seasonal variation characteristics of the zooplankton community structure are obvious. The annual average abundance and biomass of zooplankton are (246.50 ± 158.75) ind./m³ and (126.08 ± 192.27) mg/m³, respectively. The abundance and biomass in spring are the highest (712.80 ± 630.28) ind./m³ and (367.79 ± 264.33) mg/m³, while the abundance in winter is the lowest (62.09 ± 29.61) ind./m³ and the biomass in summer is the lowest (35.48 ± 19.88) mg/m³. The results of redundancy analysis indicate that water temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a are the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal changes of zooplankton community structure in the sea area of Weizhou Island, Guangxi. The seasonal changes in water masses cause by the ocean monsoon drive the succession of dominant species of zooplankton. The seasonal variation characteristics of the abundance of copepods, an important group of zooplankton in the sea area, are consistent with the migration patterns of the Balaenoptera edeni in the waters of Weizhou Island, indicating that the basic feed organisms of the fishing industry affect the migration activities of the B. edeni. In addition, the ecological impact of the decreased dominant group of copepods caused by the proliferation and growth of protozoa and glial organisms in spring on the waters of Weizhou Island deserves attention and exploration.
- Weizhou Island /
- zooplankton /
- community structure /
- seasonal variation /
- environmental factor

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图 1 研究海域调查站位的分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of survey stations in the study sea area

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图 2 研究海域各季节理化环境参数平面分布

Fig. 2 Plane distribution of physical and chemical environmental parameters in different seasons in the study sea area

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图 3 研究海域浮游动物丰度的平面分布

Fig. 3 Plane distribution of zooplankton abundance in the study sea area

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图 4 研究海域浮游动物生物量的平面分布

Fig. 4 Plane distribution of zooplankton biomass in the study sea area

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图 5 研究海域浮游动物群落的聚类分析和MDS标序

Fig. 5 Cluster and MDS ordination of zooplankton communities in the study sea area

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图 6 研究海域浮游动物优势种与环境因子的冗余分析

a. 冬季，b. 春季，c. 夏季，d. 秋季

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of dominate species of zooplankton and environmental factors in the research area

a. Winter, b. spring, c. summer, d. autumn

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表 1 研究海域浮游动物种类组成和平均丰度

Tab. 1 Species composition and average abundance of zooplankton in the study sea area

类群	冬季		春季		夏季		秋季
类群	种数	丰度/(ind.·m⁻³)	种数	丰度 /(ind.·m⁻³)	种数	丰度/(ind.·m⁻³)	种数	丰度 /(ind.·m⁻³)
桡足类 Copepoda	34	37.49	38	53.41	37	17.82	36	74.62
水螅水母类 Hydromedusae	12	0.96	20	8.77	5	0.42	10	1.15
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	10	9.77	19	74.73	17	35.43	14	6.95
毛颚类 Chaetognatha	13	9.80	14	47.32	3	48.81	17	13.60
管水母类 Siphonophora	3	0.14	14	34.44	/	/	4	0.84
糠虾类 Mysidacea	7	0.19	6	0.58	/	/	6	1.48
浮游被囊类 Tunicata	1	0.01	6	204.88	1	0.45	1	0.21
樱虾类 Sergestidae	2	0.05	2	2.99	2	2.39	6	2.72
介形类 Ostracoda	3	1.05	4	4.82	/	/	1	0.83
端足类 Amphipoda	/	/	4	5.74	/	/	2	0.36
枝角类 Cladocera	/	/	2	22.00	2	2.00	2	0.18
磷虾类 Euphausiacea	3	0.05	1	0.77	/	/	1	0.12
栉水母类 Ctenophora	1	0.02	2	0.60	1	0.60	1	0.05
浮游软体动物 Pelagic Mollusc	/	/	3	0.39	1	0.07	/	/
原生动物 Protozoa	1	1.09	1	250.97	/	/	/	/
头索类 Acrania	1	0.01	/	/	/	/	/	/
歪尾类 Anomura	1	0.06	/	/	/	/	/	/
多毛类 Polychaeta	/	/	1	0.39	/	/	/	/
合计	92	62.29	137	712.80	69	107.99	101	103.11
注：“/”表示该类群未出现。

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表 3 研究海域浮游动物物种多样性指数和均匀度指数

Tab. 3 Diversity and evenness of zooplankton in the study sea area

季节	多样性指数(H′)		均匀度指数(J′)
季节	范围	平均值	范围	平均值
全年	0.77～4.44	2.89 ± 0.69	0.15～0.85	0.64 ± 0.13
冬季	2.23～3.47	2.99 ± 0.41	0.48～0.78	0.69 ± 0.08
春季	0.77～4.44	3.20 ± 0.97	0.15～0.85	0.62 ± 0.18
夏季	2.14～3.20	2.57 ± 0.32	0.52～0.82	0.62 ± 0.09
秋季	1.20～3.95	2.80 ± 0.76	0.38～0.80	0.63 ± 0.12

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表 2 研究海域各季节浮游动物优势种优势度(Y)

Tab. 2 Dominance species dominance of Zooplankton in the study sea area in each season (Y)

种类	冬季		春季		夏季		秋季
种类	丰度/ (ind.·m⁻³)	优势度	丰度/ (ind.·m⁻³)	优势度	丰度/ (ind.·m⁻³)	优势度	丰度 / (ind.·m⁻³)	优势度
精致真刺水蚤 Euchaeta concinna	17.73	0.249*	1.93	0.001	/	/	8.35	0.029
瘦尾胸刺水蚤 Centropages tenuiremis	6.61	0.080	1.45	0.000	/	/	/	/
亚强次真哲水蚤 Subeucalanus subcrassus	5.031	0.061	9.83	0.012	14.22	0.115*	32.64	0.317*
微刺哲水蚤 Canthocalanus pauper	3.53	0.031	0.73	0.000	0.42	0.002	16.17	0.157*
锥形宽水蚤 Temora turbinata	4.56	0.026	5.40	0.005	0.21	0.000	1.33	0.007
帽形次真哲水蚤 Subeucalanus pileatus	/	/	7.04	0.005	0.34	0.001	11.40	0.049
小长足水蚤 Calanopia minor	/	/	/	/	0.05	0.000	3.99	0.029
肥胖箭虫 Sagitta enflata	7.12	0.115*	43.11	0.056	48.62	0.450*	16.37	0.085
夜光虫 Noctiluca scintillans	1.09	0.001	250.97	0.305*	/	/	/	/
软拟海樽 Dolioletta gegenbauri	/	/	150.27	0.183*	/	/	/	/
宽肌纽鳃樽 Iasis zonaria	/	/	18.35	0.026	/	/	/	/
鸟喙尖头溞 Penilia avirostris	/	/	21.59	0.026	1.87	0.006	0.11	0.000
短尾类溞状幼虫 Zoea larva (Brachyura)	1.68	0.024	16.74	0.022	10.25	0.095	1.10	0.006
长尾类糠虾幼虫 Mccruran mysis larva	0.36	0.001	14.38	0.020	14.03	0.113	2.75	0.023
鱼卵 Fish eggs	5.24	0.054	11.31	0.016	1.70	0.015	0.40	0.001
长尾类幼虫 Macrura larva	3.65	0.026	0.21	0.000	/	/	0.12	0.000
棘皮动物长腕幼虫 Echinodermata ophiopluteus larva	/	/	0.07	0.000	6.03	0.030	1.62	0.006
注：带“*”的数字为前两位优势种的优势度；“/”表示该物种未出现。

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