基于环境DNA评价鸭绿江口底栖生态质量状况

王桂营; 李宏俊; 邵魁双; 刘滨玮; 楚奇; 叶金清

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024058

基于环境DNA评价鸭绿江口底栖生态质量状况

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024058

生态环境部国家海洋环境监测中心，辽宁大连 116023

基金项目: 业务化监测项目（鸭绿江口生态综合监测示范）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王桂营（1994—），男，河北省衡水市人，主要从事生物多样性研究。E-mail：2761982646@qq.com

通讯作者:
叶金清（1986—），男，辽宁省大连市人，主要从事生物多样性研究。E-mail：jqye@nmemc.orc.cn

中图分类号: X8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-06
- 修回日期: 2024-01-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-22

Evaluation of benthic ecological quality status in the Yalu River estuary based on environmental DNA

National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China

摘要

摘要: 研究环境DNA鉴定底栖生物评价生态质量状况的应用潜力，采集17份鸭绿江口底栖生物样品，分别利用环境DNA与形态学鉴定并对所得生态质量评价指数（AMBI、BENTIX、香浓维纳H'、M-AMBI）进行比较分析。结果显示：环境DNA鉴定生物隶属于10纲16目19科20属22种、形态学鉴定生物隶属于9纲27目43科55属57种，共有生物10种；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI指数间（R = 0.428，p = 0.043，y = 0.32x + 1.08）、BENTIX指数间（R = 0.430，p = 0.043，y = 0.28x + 3.59）存在显著一致性，而香浓维纳H'指数间存在显著差异性；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI等级间、M-AMBI等级间相似性较高，分别为51.02%、44.90%；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI与M-AMBI等级更符合实际情况，且评价鸭绿江口整体生态质量状况为良。本研究表明基于环境DNA鉴定底栖生物评价生态质量状况，在海洋环境监测调查中具有较高的应用潜力。
- 环境DNA /
- 底栖生物 /
- 生态质量
Abstract: Investigating the potential for application of environmental DNA to identify benthic organisms for evaluating ecological quality status collection of 17 benthic samples from the Yalu River estuary, environmental DNA and morphological identification and comparative analyses of the resulting ecological quality assessment indices (AMBI, BENTIX, Shannon-Wiener H', M-AMBI) were used, respectively. The results show: environmental DNA identification of organisms belonging to 10 class, 16 orders, 19 families, 20 genera and 22 species, morphological identification of organisms belonging to 9 class, 27 orders, 43 families, 55 genera and 57 species, with a total of 10 organisms; the two methods of identification yielded AMBI inter-index (R = 0.428, p = 0.043, y = 0.32x + 1.08), BENTIX inter-exponential (R = 0.430, p = 0.043, y = 0.28x + 3.59) significant consistency exists, while there was significant difference between the Shannon-Wiener H' indices; the two methods of identification yielded AMBI intergrade,M-AMBI intergrade higher similarity, 51.02 per cent, 44.90 per cent, respectively; the AMBI and M-AMBI grades from the two identification methods were more in line with the actual situation and evaluated the overall ecological quality status of the Yalu River estuary as good. This study demonstrates that the identification of benthic organisms based on environmental DNA to evaluate the ecological quality status has a high potential for application in marine environmental monitoring surveys.
- environmental DNA /
- benthic organism /
- ecological quality

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图 1 鸭绿江口采样站位分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of sampling stations in the Yalu River Estuary

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图 2 OTUs随序列量的稀释曲线

Fig. 2 Dilution curve of OTUs with sequence size

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图 3 环境DNA鉴定底栖生物相对丰度

Fig. 3 Environmental DNA identification of the relative abundance of benthic organisms

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图 4 形态学鉴定底栖生物相对丰度

Fig. 4 Morphological identification of the relative abundance of benthic organism

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图 5 生态质量评价指数

Fig. 5 Ecological quality assessment index

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图 6 生态质量评价指数拟合图

Fig. 6 Ecological quality assessment index fit chart

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图 7 生态质量评价指数Pearson相关性热图

**表示p < 0.01，*表示p < 0.05

Fig. 7 Heat map of Pearson correlation of ecological quality assessment index

** Indicates p < 0.01, * indicates p < 0.05

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图 8 生态质量评价等级

Fig. 8 Ecological quality assessment level

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图 9 生态质量评价等级百分比

Fig. 9 Percentage of ecological quality assessment level

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图 10 生态质量评价等级聚类树状图

a. 全部等级站位聚类；b. 环境DNA等级站位聚类；c. 形态学等级站位聚类；d. 全部等级聚类

Fig. 10 Clustered dendrogram of ecological quality assessment levels

a. All rank station clustering, b. environmental DNA rank station clustering, c. morphology rank station clustering, d. all rank clustering

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表 1 生态质量评价指数标准值

Tab. 1 Standard value of ecological quality evaluation index

生物指数	优	良	中	差	劣	参考文献
AMBI指数	0～1.2	>1.2～3.3	>3.3～4.3	>4.3～5.5	>5.5	文献[33]
BENTIX指数	6～4>	4～3>	3～2.5>	2.5～2	0	文献[34]
H'指数	≥4	4～3≥	3～2≥	2～1≥	<1	文献[35]
M-AMBI指数	>0.77	0.77～0.53>	0.53～0.39>	0.39～0.2	<0.2	-

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表 2 底栖生物注释率结果统计

Tab. 2 Statistics of benthic annotation rate results

站位	Y4	Y5	Y6	Y7	Y8	Y10	Y12	Y16	Y17
注释率/%	1.39	1.36	4.73	2.55	2.26	2.39	3.57	3.32	3.93
站位	Y18	Y19	Y20	Y21	Y23	Y24	Y25	Y26
注释率/%	3.03	2.05	2.37	3.62	1.53	0.95	2.38	1.00

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A1 鸭绿江口底栖生物名录

A1 List of benthic organisms at the Yalu River Estuary

种名	拉丁名	环境DNA鉴定	形态学鉴定
埃氏蛰龙介	Terebella ehrenbergi		*
矮小稚齿虫	Prionospio pygmaea		*
博氏双眼钩虾	Ampelisca bochi		*
不倒翁虫	Sternaspis sculata		*
侧口乳蛰虫	Thelepus plagiostoma		*
东方长眼虾	Ogyrides orientalis	*	*
东亚壳菜蛤	Musculista senhausia	*
豆形短眼蟹	Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides		*
楯鳞鼬虫	Heterolepidoderma	*
多丝独毛虫	Tharyx multifilis		*
多眼虫	Polyophthalmus pictus		*
菲律宾蛤仔	Ruditapes philippinarum	*	*
副栉虫	Paramphicteis angustifolia		*
寡节甘吻沙蚕	Glycinde gurjanovae	*	*
广大扁玉螺	Natica ampla		*
哈氏美人虾	Callianassa harmandi		*
蛤仔属	Ruditapes sp.	*
海蜇虾	Latreutes anoplonyx		*
海稚虫目	Spionida	*
含糊拟刺虫	Linopherus ambigua		*
黄海葵	Anthopleura xanthogrammia		*
极地蚤钩虾	Pontocrates altamarimus		*
棘刺锚参	Protankyra bidentata	*	*
尖叶大狐钩虾	Grandifoxus cuspis		*
江户明樱蛤	Moerella jedoensis		*
经氏壳蛞蝓	Philine kinglipini		*
居虫属	Naineris sp.		*
昆士兰稚齿虫	Prionospio queenslandica		*
马尔他钩虾属	Melita sp.		*
密鳞牡蛎	Ostrea denselamellosa		*
囊叶齿吻沙蚕	Nephtys caeca		*
拟特须虫	Paralacydonia paradoxa		*
鸟蛤目	Cardiida	*
鸟嘴尖帽螺	Capulus dilatatus		*
纽虫属	Lineus sp.		*
欧文虫	Owenia fusformis		*
奇异稚齿虫	Paraprionospio pinnata		*
巧言虫	Eulalia viridis		*
青岛文昌鱼	Branchiostoma belcheri	*	*
日本倍棘蛇尾	Amphioplus japonicus		*
日本臭海蛹	Travisia japonica		*
日本鼓虾	Alpheus japonica		*
日本浪漂水虱	Cirolana japonensis		*
日本毛翼虫	Mesochaetopterus japonicus	*
日本沙钩虾	Byblis japonicus		*
深钩毛虫	Sigambra bassi		*
十足目	Decapoda	*
双眼钩虾	Ampelisca sp.		*
丝鳃虫	Cirrutulus tentaculatu		*
丝异须虫	Heteromastus filiforms	*	*
穗鳞虫	Halosydnopsis pilosa		*
滩拟猛钩虾	Harpiniopsis vadiculus	*	*
细螯虾	Leptochela gracilis		*
线虫属	Rhabditophanes sp.	*
相模多精囊海鞘	Perophora sagamiensis	*
小头虫	Capitella capitata		*
新腹足目	Lepetellida	*
烟树蛰虫	Pista typha		*
异足索沙蚕	Lumbrineris heteropoda		*
鼬虫科	Chaetonotidae	*
鼬虫属	Chaetonotus sp.	*
原管虫	Protula tubularia		*
长吻沙蚕	Glycera chirori	*	*
长锥虫	Haploscoloplos elongatus	*	*
织纹螺	Nassarius sp.		*
智利巢沙蚕	Diopatra chiliensis		*
中华半突虫	Phyllodoce sinensis	*	*
中华内卷齿蚕	Aglaophamus sinensis		*
锥稚虫	Aonides oxycephala		*
注：*表示存在该物种。

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A2 生态质量评价指数与评价等级

A2 Ecological quality evaluation index and evaluation level

站位	AMBI1	BENTIX1	H'1	M-AMBI1	AMBI2	BENTIX2	H'2	M-AMBI2	AMBI1 等级	BENTIX1 等级	H'1 等级	M-AMBI1 等级	AMBI2 等级	BENTIX2 等级	H'2 等级	M-AMBI2 等级
Y4	2.98	2.03	1.60	0.77	3.75	2.83	1.52	0.42	2	4	4	1	3	3	4	3
Y5	3.00	2.00	0.72	0.44	2.31	4.77	3.47	0.87	2	4	5	3	2	1	2	1
Y6	3.00	2.00	0.24	0.57	2.50	4.67	1.59	0.43	2	4	5	2	2	1	4	3
Y7	2.98	2.04	0.90	0.67	3.00	2.00	0.39	0.26	2	4	5	2	2	4	5	4
Y8	3.01	2.01	1.50	0.71	2.48	3.54	2.85	0.71	2	4	4	2	2	2	3	2
Y10	3.85	2.00	1.40	0.59	2.10	4.40	2.72	0.65	3	4	4	2	2	1	3	2
Y12	3.50	2.44	1.49	0.57	0.75	6.00	2.86	0.77	3	4	4	2	1	1	3	2
Y16	1.14	4.61	1.50	0.92	1.70	4.09	2.89	0.76	1	1	4	1	2	1	3	2
Y17	0.22	5.76	1.40	0.91	1.05	5.60	2.32	0.65	1	1	4	1	1	1	3	2
Y18	3.00	2.01	1.21	0.66	2.29	3.68	2.54	0.67	2	4	4	2	2	2	3	2
Y19	1.49	5.99	0.11	0.44	1.50	5.20	2.32	0.60	2	1	5	3	2	1	3	2
Y20	0.02	5.98	0.07	0.57	0.62	5.59	1.91	0.71	1	1	5	2	1	1	4	2
Y21	0.15	5.87	0.96	0.74	1.41	4.75	2.25	0.62	1	1	5	2	2	1	3	2
Y23	1.65	4.90	1.49	0.68	2.00	3.78	2.73	0.66	2	1	4	2	2	2	3	2
Y24	2.95	2.19	1.12	0.55	0.13	5.88	0.89	0.55	2	4	4	2	1	1	5	2
Y25	1.57	5.80	0.64	0.72	1.00	6.00	2.25	0.63	2	1	5	2	1	1	3	2
Y26	2.67	2.88	0.84	0.53	1.68	5.04	3.28	0.89	2	3	5	3	2	1	2	1
注：标注1环境DNA鉴定、标注2形态学鉴定

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