Evaluation of benthic ecological quality status in the Yalu River Estuary based on environmental DNA
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摘要: 为研究环境DNA鉴定底栖生物评价生态质量状况的应用潜力，本研究采集17份鸭绿江口底栖生物样品，分别利用环境DNA与形态学进行鉴定，并对所得生态质量评价指数（AMBI、BENTIX、香浓−维纳H'、M-AMBI）进行比较分析。结果显示：环境DNA鉴定生物隶属于10纲16目19科20属22种，形态学鉴定生物隶属于9纲27目43科55属57种，共有生物10种；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI指数间（R = 0.428，p = 0.043，y = 0.32x + 1.08）、BENTIX指数间（R = 0.430，p = 0.043，y = 0.28x + 3.59）存在显著一致性，而香浓−维纳H'指数间存在显著差异性；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI等级间、M-AMBI等级间相似性较高，分别为51.02%、44.90%；两种鉴定方法得出的AMBI与M-AMBI等级更符合实际情况，且评价鸭绿江口整体生态质量状况为良。本研究表明，基于环境DNA鉴定底栖生物评价生态质量状况，在海洋环境监测调查中具有较高的应用潜力。Abstract: Investigating the potential for application of environmental DNA to identify benthic organisms for evaluating ecological quality status collection of 17 benthic samples from the Yalu River Estuary, environmental DNA and morphological identification and comparative analyses of the resulting ecological quality assessment indices (AMBI, BENTIX, Shannon-Wiener H', M-AMBI) were used, respectively. The results show: environmental DNA identification of organisms belonging to 10 class, 16 orders, 19 families, 20 genera and 22 species, morphological identification of organisms belonging to 9 class, 27 orders, 43 families, 55 genera and 57 species, with a total of 10 organisms; the two methods of identification yielded AMBI inter-index (R = 0.428, p = 0.043, y = 0.32x + 1.08), BENTIX inter-exponential (R = 0.430, p = 0.043, y = 0.28x + 3.59) significant consistency exists, while there was significant difference between the Shannon-Wiener H' indices; the two methods of identification yielded AMBI intergrade, M-AMBI intergrade higher similarity, 51.02%, 44.90%, respectively; the AMBI and M-AMBI grades from the two identification methods were more in line with the actual situation and evaluated the overall ecological quality status of the Yalu River Estuary as good. This study demonstrates that the identification of benthic organisms based on environmental DNA to evaluate the ecological quality status has a high potential for application in marine environmental monitoring surveys.
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Key words:
- environmental DNA /
- benthic organism /
- ecological quality
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图 3 环境DNA鉴定底栖生物相对丰度
Fig. 3 Environmental DNA identification of the relative abundance of benthic organisms
图 4 形态学鉴定底栖生物相对丰度
Fig. 4 Morphological identification of the relative abundance of benthic organism
图 7 生态质量评价指数Pearson相关性热图
**表示p < 0.01，*表示p < 0.05
Fig. 7 Heat map of Pearson correlation of ecological quality assessment index
** Indicates p < 0.01, * indicates p < 0.05
图 10 生态质量评价等级聚类树状图
a. 全部等级站位聚类；b. 环境DNA等级站位聚类；c. 形态学等级站位聚类；d. 全部等级聚类
Fig. 10 Clustered dendrogram of ecological quality assessment levels
a. All rank station clustering; b. environmental DNA rank station clustering; c. morphology rank station clustering; d. all rank clustering
表 2 底栖生物注释率结果统计
Tab. 2 Statistics of benthic annotation rate results
站位 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y10 Y12 Y16 Y17 注释率/% 1.39 1.36 4.73 2.55 2.26 2.39 3.57 3.32 3.93 站位 Y18 Y19 Y20 Y21 Y23 Y24 Y25 Y26 注释率/% 3.03 2.05 2.37 3.62 1.53 0.95 2.38 1.00 
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A2 生态质量评价指数与评价等级
A2 Ecological quality evaluation index and evaluation level
站位 指标 等级 AMBI1 BENTIX1 H'1 M-AMBI1 AMBI2 BENTIX2 H'2 M-AMBI2 AMBI1 BENTIX1 H'1 M-AMBI1 AMBI2 BENTIX2 H'2 M-AMBI2 Y4 2.98 2.03 1.60 0.77 3.75 2.83 1.52 0.42 2 4 4 1 3 3 4 3 Y5 3.00 2.00 0.72 0.44 2.31 4.77 3.47 0.87 2 4 5 3 2 1 2 1 Y6 3.00 2.00 0.24 0.57 2.50 4.67 1.59 0.43 2 4 5 2 2 1 4 3 Y7 2.98 2.04 0.90 0.67 3.00 2.00 0.39 0.26 2 4 5 2 2 4 5 4 Y8 3.01 2.01 1.50 0.71 2.48 3.54 2.85 0.71 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 Y10 3.85 2.00 1.40 0.59 2.10 4.40 2.72 0.65 3 4 4 2 2 1 3 2 Y12 3.50 2.44 1.49 0.57 0.75 6.00 2.86 0.77 3 4 4 2 1 1 3 2 Y16 1.14 4.61 1.50 0.92 1.70 4.09 2.89 0.76 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 2 Y17 0.22 5.76 1.40 0.91 1.05 5.60 2.32 0.65 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 2 Y18 3.00 2.01 1.21 0.66 2.29 3.68 2.54 0.67 2 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 Y19 1.49 5.99 0.11 0.44 1.50 5.20 2.32 0.60 2 1 5 3 2 1 3 2 Y20 0.02 5.98 0.07 0.57 0.62 5.59 1.91 0.71 1 1 5 2 1 1 4 2 Y21 0.15 5.87 0.96 0.74 1.41 4.75 2.25 0.62 1 1 5 2 2 1 3 2 Y23 1.65 4.90 1.49 0.68 2.00 3.78 2.73 0.66 2 1 4 2 2 2 3 2 Y24 2.95 2.19 1.12 0.55 0.13 5.88 0.89 0.55 2 4 4 2 1 1 5 2 Y25 1.57 5.80 0.64 0.72 1.00 6.00 2.25 0.63 2 1 5 2 1 1 3 2 Y26 2.67 2.88 0.84 0.53 1.68 5.04 3.28 0.89 2 3 5 3 2 1 2 1 注：标注1代表环境DNA鉴定、标注2代表形态学鉴定。
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A1 鸭绿江口底栖生物名录
A1 List of benthic organisms at the Yalu River Estuary
种名 拉丁名 环境DNA鉴定 形态学鉴定 埃氏蛰龙介 Terebella ehrenbergi * 矮小稚齿虫 Prionospio pygmaea * 博氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca bochi * 不倒翁虫 Sternaspis sculata * 侧口乳蛰虫 Thelepus plagiostoma * 东方长眼虾 Ogyrides orientalis * * 东亚壳菜蛤 Musculista senhausia * 豆形短眼蟹 Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides * 楯鳞鼬虫 Heterolepidoderma * 多丝独毛虫 Tharyx multifilis * 多眼虫 Polyophthalmus pictus * 菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinarum * * 副栉虫 Paramphicteis angustifolia * 寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae * * 广大扁玉螺 Natica ampla * 哈氏美人虾 Callianassa harmandi * 蛤仔属 Ruditapes sp. * 海蜇虾 Latreutes anoplonyx * 海稚虫目 Spionida * 含糊拟刺虫 Linopherus ambigua * 黄海葵 Anthopleura xanthogrammia * 极地蚤钩虾 Pontocrates altamarimus * 棘刺锚参 Protankyra bidentata * * 尖叶大狐钩虾 Grandifoxus cuspis * 江户明樱蛤 Moerella jedoensis * 经氏壳蛞蝓 Philine kinglipini * 居虫属 Naineris sp. * 昆士兰稚齿虫 Prionospio queenslandica * 马尔他钩虾属 Melita sp. * 密鳞牡蛎 Ostrea denselamellosa * 囊叶齿吻沙蚕 Nephtys caeca * 拟特须虫 Paralacydonia paradoxa * 鸟蛤目 Cardiida * 鸟嘴尖帽螺 Capulus dilatatus * 纽虫属 Lineus sp. * 欧文虫 Owenia fusformis * 奇异稚齿虫 Paraprionospio pinnata * 巧言虫 Eulalia viridis * 青岛文昌鱼 Branchiostoma belcheri * * 日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus * 日本臭海蛹 Travisia japonica * 日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonica * 日本浪漂水虱 Cirolana japonensis * 日本毛翼虫 Mesochaetopterus japonicus * 日本沙钩虾 Byblis japonicus * 深钩毛虫 Sigambra bassi * 十足目 Decapoda * 双眼钩虾 Ampelisca sp. * 丝鳃虫 Cirrutulus tentaculatu * 丝异须虫 Heteromastus filiforms * * 穗鳞虫 Halosydnopsis pilosa * 滩拟猛钩虾 Harpiniopsis vadiculus * * 细螯虾 Leptochela gracilis * 线虫属 Rhabditophanes sp. * 相模多精囊海鞘 Perophora sagamiensis * 小头虫 Capitella capitata * 新腹足目 Lepetellida * 烟树蛰虫 Pista typha * 异足索沙蚕 Lumbrineris heteropoda * 鼬虫科 Chaetonotidae * 鼬虫属 Chaetonotus sp. * 原管虫 Protula tubularia * 长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori * * 长锥虫 Haploscoloplos elongatus * * 织纹螺 Nassarius sp. * 智利巢沙蚕 Diopatra chiliensis * 中华半突虫 Phyllodoce sinensis * * 中华内卷齿蚕 Aglaophamus sinensis * 锥稚虫 Aonides oxycephala * 注：*表示存在该物种。
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