Analysis on the characteristics of macrobenthic animal communities inside and outside the autumn marine ranch on Yantai Changdao Island
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摘要: 为明确烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落组成及其分布特征，评估海洋牧场对大型底栖动物的影响，2022年10月在该海域牧场内外设置采样站位，开展大型底栖动物调查，并进行大型底栖动物群落特征分析。本航次共采集和鉴定了88种大型底栖动物，牧场内和对照区物种数量相近，但优势类群不同。在牧场内共鉴定出了70种，以软体动物为优势类群，对照区有69种，以环节动物为优势类群。共发现8种优势种，其中牧场内3种软体动物，对照区有6种，包括软体动物2种、棘皮动物1种和环节动物3种。大型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量牧场内均显著高于对照区，但Margalef物种丰富度指数（d）、Pielou均匀度指数（J'）和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）在牧场内外相差较小。聚类分析（CLUSTER）和非度量多维标度排序分析（NMDS）结果表明，海洋牧场内外各站位相似性程度较低。AMBI和m-AMBI分析显示，研究海域总体受污染扰动较小，表明底栖生态健康较好。结合历史资料发现，调查区域大型底栖动物群落物种丰度和生物量均有较大增加，表明海洋牧场的发展对大型底栖动物群落的生长发育有一定程度的影响。Abstract: To clarify the composition and distribution characteristics of macrobenthic communities in Yantai Changdao Island marine ranch and evaluate the impact of marine ranching on these macrobenthos, sampling stations were set up inside and outside the marine ranch in October 2022. Surveys of macrobenthic animals and the characteristics of macrobenthic communities were analyzed. A total of 88 species of macrobenthic animals were collected and identified during this voyage. Although the number of species in the pasture and control area was similar, the dominant groups differed. In the pasture, 70 species were identified, with mollusks being the dominant group; whereas, in the control area, 69 species were identified, with annelids as the dominant group. Eight dominant species were found, including 3 mollusk species in the pasture and 6 species in the control area, comprising 2 mollusk species, 1 echinoderm species, and 3 annelid species. The average abundance and biomass of macrobenthic animals in the pasture were significantly higher than those in the control area. However, Margalef species richness index (d), Pielou evenness index (J'), and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') values showed little difference between the pasture and the outside. The results of Cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that relatively low similarity among each station inside and outside the marine ranch. The AMBI and m-AMBI analyses revealed that the overall pollution disturbance in the studied water area was relatively small, indicating good benthic ecological health. Combined with historical data, the analysis revealed a significant increase in species abundance and biomass of macrobenthic communities in the surveyed area. These results suggest that the development of marine pastures has a certain degree of impact on the growth and development of macrobenthic communities.
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Key words:
- Yantai Changdao Island /
- marine ranches /
- macrobenthos /
- community characteristics
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图 1 烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物调查站位
Fig. 1 Macrobenthos sampling stations at the Changdao marine ranch of Yantai
图 2 大型底栖动物群落物种组成与分布
Fig. 2 Species composition and distribution of macrobenthic community
图 4 烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落的CLUSTER聚类分析
Fig. 4 CLUSTER analysis plots of macrobenthos at Changdao marine ranch of Yantai
图 5 烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落的NMDS标序结果
Fig. 5 NMDS plots of macrobenthos at Changdao marine ranch of Yantai
表 1 研究区域大型底栖动物群落优势种
Tab. 1 The dominant species of macrobenthos community in the study area
门 种 拉丁学名 优势度 牧场内 对照区 软体
动物江户明樱蛤 Moerella jedoensis 0.022 宫田神角蛤 Semelangulus miyatensis 0.029 菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinarum 0.038 胶州湾顶管角贝 Episiphon kiaochowwanense 0.020 0.037 棘皮
动物日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus 0.049 环节
动物寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae 0.039 长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori 0.025 不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata 0.020 
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表 2 大型底栖动物主要类群丰度（ind./m2）和生物量（g/m2）的区域变化
Tab. 2 The regional abundance (ind./m2) and biomass (g/m2) of benthic macrofauna main groups
类群 指标 牧场内 对照区 整体海域 环节动物 丰度 68 ± 3.88 78 ± 4.35 73 ± 2.03 生物量 0.92 ± 1.95 0.80 ± 1.84 0.86 ± 1.86 软体动物 丰度 294 ± 56.14 50 ± 2.61 172 ± 23.67 生物量 57.55 ± 204.48 2.63 ± 6.08 30.09 ± 153.09 甲壳动物 丰度 23 ± 1.90 27 ± 2.09 25 ± 0.99 生物量 0.73 ± 1.89 0.61 ± 0.77 0.67 ± 1.48 棘皮动物 丰度 16 ± 1.55 22 ± 3.14 19 ± 1.10 生物量 3.65 ± 12.77 2.55 ± 2.94 3.10 ± 9.60 其他类群 丰度 2 ± 0.30 2 ± 0.31 2 ± 0.15 生物量 0.26 ± 0.82 0.83 ± 2.74 0.55 ± 1.89 总计 丰度 403 ± 54.25 179 ± 6.35 291 ± 22.89 生物量 63.11 ± 203.38 7.42 ± 7.72 35.27 ± 152.39
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表 3 牧场内大型底栖动物组内相似性分析
Tab. 3 Analysis of intra group similarity of macrobenthos in marine ranch
物种 拉丁学名 平均丰度 平均相
似性/%贡献
率/%胶州湾顶管角贝 Episiphon kiaochowwanense 2.76 2.86 11.94 寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae 2.36 2.86 11.92 江户明樱蛤 Moerella jedoensis 2.85 2.45 10.21 宫田神角蛤 Semelangulus miyatensis 2.73 2.40 10.00 长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori 1.78 1.47 6.15 东方缝栖蛤 Hiatella orientalia 1.88 1.07 4.45 日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus 1.91 1.00 4.17 耳口露齿螺 Ringicula doliaris 1.21 0.86 3.61 博氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca bocki 1.78 0.86 3.57 不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata 1.79 0.85 3.53 中蚓虫 Mediomastus sp. 1.60 0.70 2.93
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表 5 牧场内外大型底栖动物组间差异性分析
Tab. 5 Analysis of inter group dissimilarity of macrobenthos inside and outside marine ranch
物种 拉丁学名 平均丰度 平均差
异性/%贡献
率/%牧场内 对照区 菲律宾蛤仔 Ruditapes philippinarum 3.93 0.10 3.85 5.20 日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus 1.91 2.76 3.42 4.63 宫田神角蛤 Semelangulus miyatensis 2.73 2.21 2.70 3.65 江户明樱蛤 Moerella jedoensis 2.85 1.19 2.50 3.38 中蚓虫 Mediomastus sp. 1.60 1.57 2.27 3.07 不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata 1.79 2.11 2.15 2.91 胶州湾顶管角贝 Episiphon kiaochowwanense 2.76 2.43 2.13 2.89 博氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca bocki 1.78 1.68 2.12 2.87 长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori 1.78 2.06 1.99 2.70 寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae 2.36 2.56 1.90 2.57 东方缝栖蛤 Hiatella orientalia 1.88 0.41 1.77 2.40 日本拟背尾水虱 Paranthura japonica 1.26 1.32 1.77 2.39 长叶索沙蚕 Lumbrineris longiforlia 1.35 1.15 1.76 2.38 耳口露齿螺 Ringicula doliaris 1.21 1.71 1.67 2.26 日本刺沙蚕 Neanthes japonica 0.86 0.81 1.59 2.16
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表 4 对照区大型底栖动物组内相似性分析
Tab. 4 Analysis of intra group similarity of macrobenthos in control area
物种 拉丁学名 平均丰度 平均相
似性/%贡献
率/%胶州湾顶管角贝 Episiphon kiaochowwanense 2.43 3.02 11.63 寡节甘吻沙蚕 Glycinde gurjanovae 2.56 2.94 11.33 不倒翁虫 Sternaspis scutata 2.11 2.67 10.26 宫田神角蛤 Semelangulus miyatensis 2.21 2.00 7.70 日本倍棘蛇尾 Amphioplus japonicus 2.76 1.83 7.03 耳口露齿螺 Ringicula doliaris 1.71 1.70 6.54 长吻沙蚕 Glycera chirori 2.06 1.53 5.87 日本游泳水虱 Natatolana japonensis 1.30 1.28 4.92 博氏双眼钩虾 Ampelisca bocki 1.68 0.90 3.46 江户明樱蛤 Moerella jedoensis 1.19 0.54 2.07
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表 6 研究区域各站点AMBI和m-AMBI结果
Tab. 6 Results of AMBI and m-AMBI for each station in the study area
区域 站位 物种数在各生态分组中的百分比/% 未鉴定物种
比例/%AMBI值 扰动程度 m-AMBI值 健康状态 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 牧场内 M1 25.0 16.7 50.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 2.125 轻度 0.59 好 M2 64.0 12.0 16.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 1.020 未扰动 0.74 好 M3 71.4 25.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.482 未扰动 0.77 好 M4 14.3 71.4 14.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.500 轻度 0.58 好 M5 58.8 38.2 0.0 2.9 0.0 5.6 0.706 未扰动 0.83 高 M6 58.1 23.3 18.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.907 未扰动 0.81 高 M7 43.5 42.0 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.065 未扰动 0.82 高 M8 31.3 56.3 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.219 轻度 0.76 好 M9 57.5 22.5 17.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.975 未扰动 0.82 高 M10 37.5 50.0 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.125 未扰动 0.73 好 M11 35.3 44.1 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.279 轻度 0.80 高 M12 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.000 轻度 0.23 差 M13 59.6 29.8 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.763 未扰动 0.94 高 M14 47.1 28.2 24.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.165 未扰动 0.95 高 对照区 C1 13.3 73.3 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.500 轻度 0.79 高 C2 61.7 21.3 17.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.830 未扰动 0.87 高 C3 33.3 39.6 27.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.406 轻度 0.87 高 C4 44.8 44.8 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.983 未扰动 0.77 好 C5 50.0 27.3 18.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 1.159 未扰动 0.69 好 C6 32.3 35.5 25.8 6.5 0.0 6.1 1.597 轻度 0.85 高 C7 57.1 38.1 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.714 未扰动 0.64 好 C8 2.5 60.0 32.5 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.100 轻度 0.49 中等 C9 35.7 42.9 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.286 轻度 0.69 好 C10 28.6 32.1 39.3 0.0 0.0 3.4 1.661 轻度 0.88 高 C11 38.8 46.9 12.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.163 未扰动 0.82 高
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