浙江瑞安海域三疣梭子蟹时空分布及其影响因素

徐国强; 徐开达; 王好学; 周永东

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024052

浙江瑞安海域三疣梭子蟹时空分布及其影响因素

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024052

徐国强^{1, 2, 3,},
徐开达^{1, 2, 3},
王好学^{1, 2, 3},
周永东^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
浙江省海洋水产研究所，浙江舟山 316021
2.
农业农村部重点渔场渔业资源观测实验站，浙江舟山 316021
3.
浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室，浙江舟山 316021

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD0901204）；瑞安海域渔业资源本底调查与增殖放流效果评价项目（01042006）。

详细信息

作者简介:
徐国强（1990—），男，山东省济南市人，主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail：xuguoqiang732@126.com

通讯作者:
周永东，教授级高工，主要从事渔业资源与生态研究。E-mail: zyd511@126.com

中图分类号: S932.5；P714⁺.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-13
- 修回日期: 2024-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-31

Spatial and temporal distribution of Portunus trituberculatus and its influencing factors in Ruian sea area, Zhejiang Province

Xu Guoqiang^{1, 2, 3
,},
Xu Kaida^{1, 2, 3},
Wang Haoxue^{1, 2, 3},
Zhou Yongdong^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
2.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan 316021, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China

摘要

摘要: 根据2021年4月至2022年1月4个航次渔业资源和环境数据调查资料，对瑞安海域三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）时空分布及其与影响因素的关系进行研究，包括其海域优势度、群落结构组成、资源密度分布等，同时运用广义可加模型（GAM）分析了资源密度与影响因素的关系。结果表明：瑞安海域中，三疣梭子蟹在春季和夏季为重要种（100 ≤ IRI < 1 000），在秋季和冬季为优势种（IRI ≥ 1 000）。三疣梭子蟹平均甲长范围为33.9～60.4 mm，平均体重范围为22.9～126.1 g，甲长和体重均以夏季最高，秋季最低，不同季节间三疣梭子蟹甲长和体重呈现显著性差异。三疣梭子蟹在春季、夏季和冬季均呈现负异速增长（b < 3），秋季呈现正异速增长（b > 3）。三疣梭子蟹平均资源密度范围为16.57～422.60 kg/km²，平均资源密度呈现以秋季最高，春季最低，秋季是春季的25.5倍。GAM分析表明，模型解释率为80.2%，季节、表层水温、底层水温、底层盐度和表层叶绿素a浓度对三疣梭子蟹资源密度具有显著影响（p < 0.05），其中季节影响最大。通过本研究，为掌握瑞安海域三疣梭子蟹资源动态变化规律提供了参考，进而为三疣梭子蟹增殖放流提供理论支撑。
- 瑞安海域 /
- 三疣梭子蟹 /
- 资源密度 /
- 时空分布 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Based on the survey data of fishery resources and environment of four voyages from April 2021 to January 2022, the spatial and temporal distribution of Portunus trituberculatus and its relationship with influencing factors in the Ruian sea area were studied, including its marine dominance, community structure and resource density distribution. At the same time, generalized additive model (GAM) is used to analyze the relationship between resource density and influencing factors. The results showed that: in the Ruian sea area, P. trituberculatus is an important species (100 ≤ IRI < 1 000) in spring and summer and a dominant species (IRI ≥ 1 000) in autumn and winter. The average carapace length and body weight of P. trituberculatus ranged from 33.9 mm to 60.4 mm, and 22.9 g to 126.1 g. The carapace length and body weight of P. trituberculatus were the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn. There were significant differences between different seasons. P. trituberculatus showed negative allometric growth in spring, summer and winter (b < 3), and positive allometric growth in autumn (b > 3). The average resource density of P. trituberculatus ranged from 16.57 kg/km² to 422.60 kg/km², with the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring, and the average resource density in autumn was 25.5 times of that in spring. GAM analysis showed that the interpretation rate of the model was 80.2%. Season, surface water temperature, bottom water temperature, bottom salinity and surface chlorophyll a concentration had significant effects on the resource density of P. trituberculatus (p < 0.05), among which season had the greatest effect. Through this study, it provides reference for grasping the dynamic change law of P. trituberculatus resources in Ruian sea area, and further provides theoretical support for the proliferation and release of P. trituberculatus.
- Ruian sea area /
- Portunus trituberculatus /
- resource density /
- spatial and temporal distribution /
- influencing factors

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图 1 瑞安海域调查站位

Fig. 1 Survey station of Ruian sea area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 三疣梭子蟹甲长和体重的季节变化

Fig. 2 Seasonal changes in carapace length and weight of Portunus trituberculatus

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图 3 不同季节三疣梭子蟹甲长与体重的关系

Fig. 3 Relationship between carapace length and weight of Portunus trituberculatus in different seasons

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 瑞安海域三疣梭子蟹资源密度分布

Fig. 4 Resource density distribution of Portunus trituberculatus in Ruian sea area

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图 5 不同季节三疣梭子蟹资源密度变化

Fig. 5 Variation of resource density of Portunus trituberculatus in different seasons

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图 6 影响因素与三疣梭子蟹资源密度关系的GAM分析

Fig. 6 GAM analysis of the relationship between influencing factors and resource density of Portunus trituberculatus

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表 1 不同季节瑞安海域环境因子参数

Tab. 1 Parameters of environmental factors in different seasons in Ruian sea area

季节	水深/m	表层温度/℃	底层温度/℃	表层盐度	底层盐度	表层溶解氧浓度/ (mg·L⁻¹)	底层溶解氧浓度/ (mg·L⁻¹)	表层叶绿素a 浓度/(μg·L⁻¹)	底层叶绿素a 浓度/(μg·L⁻¹)
春季	26.73 ±15.06	16.64 ± 1.44	16.65 ± 1.31	29.13 ± 2.13	29.60 ± 3.65	7.29 ± 1.50	8.09 ± 0.52	3.10 ± 2.45	8.75 ± 8.85
夏季	26.73 ±15.06	28.33 ± 0.70	24.98 ± 2.33	30.48 ± 4.97	32.88 ± 2.48	6.98 ± 0.51	4.46 ± 0.82	2.80 ± 1.41	2.65 ± 2.44
秋季	26.73 ±15.06	19.49 ± 1.71	20.60 ± 2.62	28.30 ± 1.79	29.89 ± 3.24	8.05 ± 0.44	7.41 ± 0.85	3.07 ± 3.17	5.80 ± 4.43
冬季	26.73 ±15.06	13.36 ± 1.92	13.79 ± 2.20	28.81 ± 2.32	28.42 ± 4.64	9.35 ± 0.55	9.12 ± 0.59	4.38 ± 3.45	8.78 ± 10.91

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表 2 不同季节三疣梭子蟹相对重要指数

Tab. 2 IRI of Portunus trituberculatus in different seasons

季节	N	W	F	IRI
春季	1.09	2.67	50	188
夏季	0.44	8.16	83.33	717
秋季	19.32	30.71	100	5 003
冬季	1.15	11.72	100	1 287

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表 3 GAM拟合结果

Tab. 3 Results of GAM fitting

模型因子	自由度	AIC值	累计偏差解释率/%	p值
Season	1.93	−79.06	60.2	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁶
+BT	1.95	−101.13	63.4	0.010
+DT	1.93	−121.44	66.2	0.017
+DS	1.93	−123.67	78.3	0.004
+Bchl a	1.78	−125.32	80.2	0.049

下载: 导出CSV

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