孔隙对粒状海冰单轴压缩强度影响的数值模拟研究

吴家和; 王庆凯; 李金钊; 卢鹏; 李志军

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024047

孔隙对粒状海冰单轴压缩强度影响的数值模拟研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024047

吴家和^1,,
王庆凯^{1, 2, ,},
李金钊¹,
卢鹏¹,
李志军¹

1.
大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116023
2.
自然资源部中国极地研究中心，上海 200136

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52192692，42276242，42320104004）。

详细信息

作者简介:
吴家和（2001—），男，福建省龙岩市人，主要从事冰力学性质数值模拟研究。E-mail：2524295554@mail.dlut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王庆凯（1991—），男，辽宁省本溪市人，副教授，主要从事海冰物理和力学性质研究。E-mail: wangqingkai@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P731.15
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-04
- 修回日期: 2024-04-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-11
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-01

Numerical study on the effect of pore on the uniaxial compressive strength of granular sea ice

Wu Jiahe^1
,,
Wang Qingkai^{1, 2
, ,},
Li Jinzhao¹,
Lu Peng¹,
Li Zhijun¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China

摘要

摘要: 强度是影响海冰与结构物相互作用关系的关键性质之一。海冰内部的卤水胞和气泡等孔隙结构对海冰的强度有重要影响。为从细观角度探究冰内孔隙含量、形状和尺寸等海冰结构参数对海冰力学性质的影响，基于离散元方法，建立了包含孔隙的数值海冰模型，模拟粒状冰在平行和垂直冰面方向加载脆性破坏的单轴压缩过程。孔隙尺寸设置为符合均匀分布、标准正态分布和Gamma分布等不同随机分布类型。数值模拟试验结果表明孔隙率是影响海冰强度的主要因素，海冰单轴压缩强度和弹性模量均随孔隙的增加而减小。当压缩应力达到极值时，冰内裂缝迅速扩展。对于圆形孔隙，裂缝主要沿荷载施加方向开展，因此平行冰面方向试样破坏时多表现为大裂缝；对于椭圆形孔隙，裂缝易扩展形成裂缝带。当孔隙率相同时，孔隙尺寸随机分布类型和位置对单轴压缩强度和弹性模量影响不大，但影响冰内裂缝的扩展方式。
- 海冰 /
- 孔隙 /
- 单轴压缩强度 /
- 弹性模量 /
- 离散元
Abstract: Strength is one of the key properties effect the interaction between sea ice and structures. Brine pockets and air bubbles in sea ice have important effects on the strength of sea ice. In order to explore the effects of ice pore structure such as porosity, shape and size distribution on the mechanical properties of sea ice from a microscopic perspective, a numerical sea ice model including pores was established based on the discrete element method to simulate the uniaxial compression process under brittle failure of granular ice in the directions of horizontal and vertical to ice surface. In the numerical simulation, the pore size was set to conform to uniform distribution, standard normal distribution, and Gamma distribution. Results show that porosity is the main factor affecting the strength of sea ice, and sea ice uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of porosity. When the compressive stress reaches extreme value, the cracks in sea ice develop rapidly. The cracks around circular pores develop mainly along the loading direction, and thus, the final failure of horizontally loaded ice samples exhibits large cracks. While the cracks around elliptic pores are easy to develop into crack band.When sea ice porosity is the same, the types of pore size distributions and locations of pores in ice have little effect on the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus, but the development modes of cracks in sea ice are affected.
- sea ice /
- pore /
- uniaxial compressive strength /
- elastic modulus /
- DEM

HTML全文

图 1 不同粒径大小应力−应变曲线

Fig. 1 The stress-strain curves of different element sizes

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图 2 不同颗粒密实度应力−应变曲线

Fig. 2 The stress-strain curves of different element compactness

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图 3 不同随机数种子应力−应变曲线

Fig. 3 The stress-strain curves of different random values

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图 4 数值模拟和实验室试验的单轴压缩应力−应变曲线对比

Fig. 4 Comparison of numerical and experimental uniaxial compression stress-strain curves

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图 5 平行和垂直冰面方向加载海冰试样示意

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of vertically and horizontally loaded sea ice samples

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图 6 平行（a）和垂直（b）冰面方向加载的数值海冰试样

Fig. 6 Horizontally (a) and vertically (b) loaded numerical sea ice samples

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图 7 海冰单轴压缩应力−应变变曲线模拟结果

Fig. 7 The simulation result of sea ice uniaxial compression stress-strain curve

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图 8 孔隙率为5%且尺寸为均匀分布时平行（a）和垂直（b）冰面方向加载应力和细观裂缝数量随应变变化

Fig. 8 The variation of stress and crack numbers with strain of 5% porosity and uniform poresize distribution for horizontally (a) and vertically (b) loaded sea ice samples

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图 10 平行（a）和垂直（b）冰面方向加载试样单轴压缩裂缝扩展过程

Fig. 10 The development of the crack under uniaxial compression for horizontally (a) and vertically (b) loaded sea ice samples

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图 9 孔隙率为5%且尺寸为均匀分布时平行（a）和垂直（b）冰面方向加载应力和能量随应变变化

Fig. 9 The variation of stress and energy with strain of 5% porosity and uniform poresize distribution for horizontally (a) and vertically (b) loaded sea ice samples

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图 11 孔隙尺寸呈均匀分布的海冰单轴压缩强度（a）和弹性模量（b）随孔隙率的变化

Fig. 11 The variation of uniaxial compressive strength (a) and elastic modulus (b) with porosity for sea ice samples in uniform pore size distribution

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图 12 不同孔隙尺寸分布类型的海冰单轴压缩强度和弹性模量随孔隙率的变化

a、b为平行冰面方向加载，c、d为垂直冰面方向加载

Fig. 12 The variations of uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus with porosity in different distributions of pore size

a, b. Horizontally and c, d. vertically loaded sea ice samples

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图 13 孔隙率为10%的平行冰面方向加载单轴压缩试样最终破坏时的内部裂缝扩展

a. 均匀分布，b. 标准正态分布，c. Gamma分布-I，d. Gamma分布-II

Fig. 13 The crack development of horizontally loaded sea ice samples with 10% porosity

Pore size distributions: a. uniform distribution, b. standard normal distribution, c. Gamma-I and d. Gamma-II

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图 14 孔隙率为10%且孔隙尺寸符合均匀分布的垂直冰面方向加载试样单轴压缩数值模拟结果

Fig. 14 The simulation results of uniaxial compression of vertically loaded sea ice samples with 10% porosity and uniform pore size distribution

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表 1 模型颗粒几何构造所用参数

Tab. 1 The preliminary parameters of the model elements

颗粒接触模型参数		数值试样参数
参数	取值	参数	取值
弹性模量	3.20 GPa	试样宽度	0.070 m
法向、切向刚度比	2.6	试样高度	0.175 m
黏聚力	5.06 MPa	颗粒密度	917.9 kg/m³
最大、最小粒径比	1.8	阻尼系数	0.7
拉伸强度	2.00 MPa	顶端加载速度	−1.75×10⁻² m/s
摩擦系数	0.1	底端加载速度	0
摩擦角	0

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表 2 渤海海冰实验室试验条件和结果

Tab. 2 The laboratory test parameters and results of Bohai Sea ice

试验条件				试验结果
试样长度	170 mm	温度	−9℃	单轴压缩强度	1.38 MPa
试样宽度	70 mm	密度	0.74 g/cm³	破坏应变	3.72 × 10⁻³
应变率	10⁻³ s⁻¹	盐度	1.5	弹性模量	0.37 GPa

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表 3 率定后的接触模型参数

Tab. 3 The contact model parameters after calibration

参数	取值	参数	取值
弹性模量	0.59 GPa	拉伸强度	0.70 MPa
法向、切向刚度比	2.5	摩擦系数	0.1
黏聚力	0.83 MPa	摩擦角	0
最大、最小颗粒径比	1.8

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表 4 数值模拟试验条件

Tab. 4 The test conditions of numerical simulation

晶体类型	应变速率	加载方向	孔隙率	孔隙尺寸分布
粒状冰	10⁻³ s⁻¹	平行冰面方向、垂直冰面方向	5%、10%、 15%、20%、 25%	均匀分布标准正态分布 Gamma分布(I：α = 1，β = 0.5) Gamma分布 (II：α = 3, β = 1)

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