Research of sea surface gust inversion by dual band radar altimeter data
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摘要: 海面阵风是海洋资源开发、海洋防灾减灾和海洋科研等领域所需的重要海洋动力环境信息。但迄今为止，海面阵风观测数据严重缺失，阻碍了阵风预报、应用研究等方面的发展。本文利用双频的HY-2B卫星高度计C、Ku波段的后向散射系数，对现有海面风速（
$ {U}_{10} $ ）进行修正，建立了阵风风速（$ {U}_{{\mathrm{g}}} $ ）反演算法。反演结果与美国国家浮标数据中心（NDBC）2018−2022年的浮标数据进行真实性检验，相关系数（R）为0.91，均方根误差（RMSE）为1.82 m/s；国外同类卫星Jason-3基于本方法的反演结果与2018−2022年NDBC站点数据进行检验，RMSE优于常规2 m/s精度要求；反演结果与处于不同纬度的近海远洋站点进行个例验证，RMSE均优于2 m/s。因此，本文在现有的HY-2B卫星高度计海面风速观测数据的基础上，利用不同波段信息实现了海面阵风的观测，具有较高的观测精度。同时，该方法也适用于相同观测体制的国外卫星高度计。Abstract: Sea surface gusts are important marine dynamic environmental information required for the development of marine resources, marine disaster prevention and reduction, and marine scientific research. However, so far, there has been a serious lack of observational data on sea surface gusts, which has hindered the development of gust forecasting, application research, and other aspects. This article uses the backscatter coefficients in the C and Ku bands of the dual frequency HY-2B satellite altimeter to correct the existing sea surface wind speed ($ {U}_{10} $ ) and gust wind speed ($ {U}_{{\mathrm{g}}} $ ) inversion algorithm. The inversion results were verified for authenticity with the buoy data from the National Buoy Data Center (NDBC) of the United States from 2018 to 2022. The correlation coefficient (R) was 0.91, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.82 m/s; based on the inversion results of this method and the NDBC station data from 2018 to 2022, the RMSE of similar foreign satellites Jason-3 is superior to the conventional 2 m/s accuracy requirement; the inversion results were verified with individual cases of offshore and oceanic stations at different latitudes, and the RMSE was better than 2 m/s. Therefore, based on the existing HY-2B satellite altimeter sea surface wind speed observation data, this article uses different band information to achieve observation of sea surface gusts, which has high observation accuracy. Meanwhile, this method is also applicable to foreign satellite altimeters with the same observation system.-
Key words:
- radar altimeter /
- inversion method /
- sea surface gusts /
- HY-2B satellite /
- Backscattering Coefficient
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图 1 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计C波段后向散射系数示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the backscattering coefficient of the C-band sea surface observed by the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter
图 2 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计Ku波段后向散射系数示意图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the backscattering coefficient of the Ku-band sea surface observed by the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter
图 4 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测海面风速示意图
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of sea surface wind speed observed by the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter
图 5 NDBC浮标海面风速（ub）以及阵风风速（ug）的散点对比
Fig. 5 Scatter comparison of the sea surface wind speed (ub) and gust wind speed (ug) of the NDBC buoy
图 6 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速（U10）和NDBC浮标海面风速（ub）以及阵风风速（ug）的散点对比
Fig. 6 Scatter comparison of the sea surface wind speed (U10) of the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and the sea surface wind speed (ub) and gust wind speed (ug) of the NDBC buoy
图 7 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速（U10）和NDBC浮标海面风速（ub）与NDBC浮标阵风风速（ug）间的绝对误差
Fig. 7 The absolute error between the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter sea surface wind speed (U10) and the NDBC buoy surface wind speed (ub) and the NDBC buoy gust wind speed (ug)
图 8 C、Ku波段后向散射系数与阵风风速之间的关系
Fig. 8 Relationship between the backscattering coefficients of C and Ku bands and gust wind speed
图 9 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测海面阵风示意图
Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of sea gusts observed by the HY-2B satellite radar altimeter
图 10 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计与NDBC浮标阵风数据散点分析
Fig. 10 Scatter analysis of gust data of HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and NDBC buoy data
图 11 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速与海面阵风绝对误差折线图
Fig. 11 Line chart of HY-2B satellite radar altimeter sea surface wind speed and sea surface gust absolute error
图 12 Jason-3卫星雷达高度计与NDBC浮标阵风数据散点对比
Fig. 12 Scatter comparison of Jason-3 satellite radar altimeter and NDBC buoy gust data
图 14 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计与NDBC浮标阵风数据散点对比
Fig. 14 Scatter comparison of HY-2B satellite radar altimeter vs. NDBC buoy gust data
表 1 Gourrion模型参数
Tab. 1 Gourrion model parameters
参数 a b $ {\sigma }^{0} $ −0.343 36 0.069 09 SWH 0.087 25 0.063 74 $ {U}_{10} $ 0.1 0.284 4 
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表 2 Gourrion模型参数
Tab. 2 Gourrion model parameters
参数 矩阵元素 Wx −33.950 62 −11.033 94 −3.934 28 −0.058 34 Wy 0.540 12 10.404 81 $ {B}_{x}^{{\mathrm{T}}} $ 18.063 78 −0.372 28 $ {B}_{y}^{{\mathrm{T}}} $ −2.283 87 ... P $ {a}_{{\sigma }^{0}}+{b}_{{\sigma }^{0}}{\sigma }^{0} $ $ {a}_{{\mathrm{SWH}}}+{b}_{{\mathrm{SWH}}}{\mathrm{SWH}} $
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表 3 HY-2B卫星雷达高度计与NDBC浮标数据对比分析结果及浮标具体信息
Tab. 3 Comparative analysis results of HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and NDBC buoy data and specific information of buoys
NDBC
浮标站点纬度 经度 距离大陆架/（n mile） 卫星与NDBC浮标海面风速 卫星与NDBC浮标阵风风速 RMSE/（m·s−1） R RMSE/（m·s−1） R 46070 55.05°N 175.26°E 142 1.51 0.95 1.76 0.96 46075 53.97°N 160.79°W 85 1.62 0.94 1.81 0.95 44011 41.09°N 66.56°W 170 1.95 0.91 1.83 0.95 46006 40.76°N 137.38°W 600 1.65 0.93 1.89 0.94 44008 40.50°N 69.25°W 54 1.78 0.93 1.88 0.95 41008 31.40°N 80.87°W 40 1.95 0.90 1.48 0.94 51003 19.20°N 160.64°W 205 1.39 0.88 1.40 0.91 41040 14.54°N 53.14°W 470 1.21 0.90 1.35 0.90
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