CO<sub>2</sub>驱动的海水酸化对菲律宾蛤仔组织、免疫和抗氧化酶活及转录水平的影响

林毅; 陈强; 周思顺; 孔鲁闽; 黄张帆

doi:10.12284/hyxb2024010

CO₂驱动的海水酸化对菲律宾蛤仔组织、免疫和抗氧化酶活及转录水平的影响

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024010

林毅^{1, 2,},
陈强^{1, 2, ,},
周思顺^{1, 2},
孔鲁闽^{1, 2},
黄张帆^{1, 2}

1.
集美大学水产学院，福建厦门 361021
2.
福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室，福建厦门 361021

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2020J01668）。

详细信息

作者简介:
林毅（1999—），男，福建省永安市人，主要从事贝类养殖研究。E-mail：202111908039@jmu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈强，博士，硕士生导师，主要从事生态环境修复研究。E-mail: ahcq@jmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5；S944.4⁺7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-20
- 修回日期: 2023-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-01

Effects of CO₂-driven seawater acidification on tissue, immune and antioxidant enzyme activity and transcription levels of Ruditapes philippinarum

Lin Yi^{1, 2
,},
Chen Qiang^{1, 2
, ,},
Zhou Sishun^{1, 2},
Kong Lumin^{1, 2},
Huang Zhangfan^{1, 2}

1.
Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
2.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen 361021, China

摘要

摘要: 随着CO₂的大量排放，海洋酸化效应不断加重，为探究未来海水酸化情况对菲律宾蛤仔产生的影响，设置对照组（pH为8.1）和酸化组（pH为7.7、7.1和6.4），研究周期为42 d，测定菲律宾蛤仔在酸化条件下组织结构、免疫和抗氧化酶活性的变化情况，以及在分子水平上产生的影响。结果表明：菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水环境中，鳃丝间距随pH的降低而扩大，鳃丝纤毛黏合，水管和外套膜外表皮褶皱逐渐加深；鳃组织中酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性变化情况为先降后升，碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性各组变化趋势不同，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和溶菌酶（LZM）活性趋势为先升后降；鳃和内脏团谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性变化规律皆为持续上升；内脏团组织中LZM活性变化趋势各不相同，ACP活性变动趋势为先降后升，AKP、SOD和CAT活性变化规律为先升后降，T-AOC趋势为持续下降；通过转录组的分析得到，鳃组织GO功能主要富集在DNA整合、膜的组成部分和RNA定向DNA聚合酶活性等条目中，KEGG通路主要富集在吞噬体和与蛋白合成的相关通路中。海水酸化使菲律宾蛤仔组织呈现不同程度的损伤，破坏其内环境稳态，改变其代谢水平和与免疫相关基因表达，引发菲律宾蛤仔染病乃至死亡的风险上升。
- 二氧化碳 /
- 菲律宾蛤仔 /
- 免疫 /
- 抗氧化 /
- 转录水平
Abstract: The ocean acidification effect is increasing with the large amount of CO₂ emissions. To investigate the effects of future seawater acidification on Ruditapes philippinarum, a control group (pH = 8.1) and acidification group (pH = 7.7, 7.1 and 6.4) were set up for 42 days. The changes in tissue structure, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities of Ruditapes philippinarum under acidification conditions were measured, as well as the effects produced at the molecular level. The results show that when Ruditapes philippinarum are placed in an acidified seawater environment, gill filament spacing expands with decreasing pH, gill filament cilia adhere, and the pipes and outer epidermal folds of the mantle gradually deepen. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gill tissues show a pattern of decreasing followed by increasing. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities exhibit different trends in each group. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and lysozyme (LZM) activities show a pattern of increasing followed by decreasing. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in gill and visceral masses show a continuous increase. LZM activity in the viscera group displays varying trends, while ACP activity shows a decreasing and then increasing pattern. AKP, SOD, and CAT activities exhibited an increasing and then decreasing pattern, while T-AOC activity shows a continuous decrease. Analysis of the transcriptome reveals that the GO functions in gill tissue are mainly enriched in DNA integration, integral components of the membrane, and RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity, among others. The KEGG pathway analysis shows enrichment in the phagosome pathway and pathways related to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. The acidification of seawater caused varying degrees of damage to the tissues of Ruditapes philippinarum, disrupting its internal environmental homeostasis and altering metabolic levels and immune-related gene expression, and led to an increased risk of disease and even death in Ruditapes philippinarum.
- carbon dioxide /
- Ruditapes philippinarum /
- immunity /
- antioxidant /
- transcript levels

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图 1 海水酸化对菲律宾蛤仔不同组织结构的影响

A. DD组鳃；B. CC组鳃；C. BB组鳃；D. AA组鳃；E. DD组水管；F. CC组水管；G. BB组水管；H. AA组水管；I. DD组外套膜；J. CC组外套膜；K. BB组外套膜；L. AA组外套膜

Fig. 1 Effects of seawater acidification on different organization structure of Ruditapes philippinarum

A. Group DD gill; B. Group CC gill; C. Group BB gill; D. Group AA gill; E. Group DD pipe; F. Group CC pipe; G. Group BB pipe; H. Group AA pipe; I. Group DD mantle; J. Group CC mantle; K. Group BB mantle; L. Group AA mantle

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图 2 海水酸化对鳃组织免疫酶活性的影响

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p < 0.05）

Fig. 2 The immunoenzyme activity of gill stressed by ocean acidification

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)

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图 3 海水酸化对内脏团免疫酶活性的影响

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p < 0.05）

Fig. 3 The immunoenzyme activity of visceral mass stressed by ocean acidification

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)

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图 4 海水酸化对鳃组织抗氧化酶活性的影响

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p < 0.05）

Fig. 4 The antioxidant enzyme activity of gill stressed by ocean acidification

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)

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图 5 海水酸化对内脏团抗氧化酶活性的影响

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著（p < 0.05）

Fig. 5 The antioxidant enzyme activity of visceral mass stressed by ocean acidification

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)

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图 6 差异表达基因数目统计

Fig. 6 Statistics of the number of differentially expressed genes

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图 7 差异基因qRCR和RNA-seq验证

Fig. 7 The qRCR and RNA-seq validation of differentially expressed genes

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表 1 菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织文库测序数据统计分析

Tab. 1 Statistical analysis of sequencing data of gill library of Ruditapes philippinarum

样品	序列数	质控数据总碱基数/bp	GC含量/%	Q20/%	Q30/%
AA1	19 805 256	5 921 771 252	36.81	97.42	92.53
AA2	21 015 864	6 280 860 796	36.94	97.54	92.78
AA3	19 731 774	5 901 090 298	37.18	97.5	92.68
BB1	20 674 908	6 180 447 036	37.45	97.76	93.27
BB2	20 510 382	6 131 925 988	37.4	96.53	90.69
BB3	20 992 198	6 275 544 498	35.81	97.11	91.92
CC1	21 890 314	6 542 576 532	36.44	97.11	91.92
CC2	26 002 371	7 775 975 502	36.79	97.55	92.78
CC3	19 225 650	5 747 607 418	36.92	97.76	93.31
DD1	26 236 765	7 799 003 780	37.5	97.66	93.08
DD2	21 474 785	6 390 329 892	36.4	97.52	92.79
DD3	20 597 574	6 154 866 696	36.74	97.27	92.24

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表 2 差异表达基因GO功能富集

Tab. 2 GO functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes

差异表达基因类型	GO条目	p值
差异表达基因类型	GO条目	AA vs. DD	BB vs. DD	CC vs. DD	AA vs. BB	AA vs. CC	BB vs. CC
上调基因	DNA整合	1.48 × 10⁻⁵	1.61 × 10⁻¹⁰	1.84 × 10⁻⁴	3.79 × 10⁻⁵	5.59 × 10⁻⁵	5.03 × 10⁻⁹
	膜的组成部分	1.85 × 10⁻²	5.85 × 10⁻⁴	0.43	1.13 × 10⁻²	5.07 × 10⁻⁴	1.04 × 10⁻²
	核糖体	5.99 × 10⁻⁵	0.92	1.37 × 10⁻²	1.49 × 10⁻²	1.54 × 10⁻⁴	0.14
	RNA定向DNA聚合酶活性	0.59	1.24 × 10⁻²	1.17 × 10⁻⁴	1.93 × 10⁻⁵	7.16 × 10⁻²	1.52 × 10⁻⁴
下调基因	包涵体组装的负调节	4.74 × 10⁻⁵	0.70	0.34	4.79 × 10⁻⁵	3.45 × 10⁻⁴	0.68
	蛋白水解	5.32 × 10⁻⁵	3.70 × 10⁻⁷	6.20 × 10⁻⁶	2.48 × 10⁻²	5.14 × 10⁻²	9.56 × 10⁻²
	细胞外区域	1.61 × 10⁻¹¹	8.53 × 10⁻¹²	1.83 × 10⁻⁴	2.79 × 10⁻¹²	4.18 × 10⁻¹⁴	1.55 × 10⁻⁹
	细胞外空间	1.56 × 10⁻⁸	1.57 × 10⁻⁵	2.52 × 10⁻²	5.41 × 10⁻⁷	1.36 × 10⁻⁵	2.79 × 10⁻⁴
	内肽酶抑制剂活性	2.06 × 10⁻⁷	7.27 × 10⁻⁸	1.16 × 10⁻⁷	6.57 × 10⁻²	0.29	2.26 × 10⁻³

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表 3 差异表达基因KEGG信号通路富集

Tab. 3 KEGG pathways enriched for differentially expressed genes

差异表达基因类型	通路名称	基因数目
差异表达基因类型	通路名称	AA vs. DD	BB vs. DD	CC vs. DD	AA vs. BB	AA vs. CC	BB vs. CC
上调基因	真核生物中的核糖体生物发生	41	6	1	33	45	6
	核糖体	85	25	42	57	76	33
	Notch信号传导途径通路	18	21	15	17	15	15
	NOD-like受体信号通路	13	16	13	17	19	15
	泛素介导的蛋白水解	32	21	20	44	43	26
下调基因	吞噬体	41	25	20	42	35	20
	内质网中的蛋白加工	12	7	8	21	14	2
	细胞外基质受体作用	17	16	10	23	16	8
	C-型凝集素受体信号通路	14	7	9	13	19	14

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