Tectonic framework research in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin based on gravity and magnetic data
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摘要: 珠江口盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘，横跨了华南大陆架、大陆坡以及洋陆过渡带地区，其构造演化十分复杂。随着勘探程度的加深，珠江口盆地的边界也一直发生着变化，盆地南部边界存在争议。本文基于卫星重力异常数据和磁力异常数据，重新研究了珠江口盆地的断裂及火成岩分布，并以高精度地震数据为约束反演了研究区新生界深度，根据处理的结果对研究区构造单元进行了调整。研究结果显示，研究区的NEE、NE和NW向断裂较为发育，且在本次研究中新识别出4条断裂；火成岩平面位置整体走向为NEE向，但不同区域走向存在区别：在盆地西部有近EW向火成岩，盆地中部火成岩为NWW向，而盆地东部火成岩部分为近EW向；在构造单元中将阳江凹陷根据重力和新生界特征分成了阳江西凹陷和阳江东凹陷，并删去了文昌D凹陷和文昌E凹陷。NW向的北卫滩断裂与阳江−一统断裂一起将盆地分为西部、中部和东部3个部分，此3个部分的断裂走向、火成岩平面位置和新生界厚度及构造单元都有所不同。本次同时对珠江口盆地断裂、火成岩和构造单元进行研究，旨在对后续盆地研究和油气突破提供地球物理支撑。Abstract: The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin is located in the northern shelf of the South China Sea, and its tectonic evolution is very complicated. At the same time, as one of the hydrocarbon-rich basins in offshore China, Zhujiang River Mouth Basin ranks the top in oil and gas production among the offshore basins. With the deepening of exploration, the boundary of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin has been changing, and the southern boundary of the basin is disputed. In this paper, based on satellite gravity and magnetic anomaly data, the fault distribution of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin is re-studied and the plane location of igneous rocks is identified. The Cenozoic thickness of the study area is retrieved with high-precision seismic data, and the tectonic units of the study area are adjusted according to the processing results. The results show that the fault distribution in the study area is mainly NEE, NE and NW trending. In this study, four new faults were identified based on the satellite gravity data. The overall strike of the igneous rocks in the plane is NEE strike, but there are differences among different regional strikes. There are nearly EW trending igneous rocks in the western basin, NWW trending igneous rocks in the central basin, and no other strike in the eastern basin. According to gravity data and Cenozoic characteristics, Yangjiang Sag is divided into Yangjiang West Sag and Yangjiang East Sag, and Wenchang D Sag and Wenchang E Sag are deleted. The Beiweitan Fault is the same as the Yangjiang-Yitong Fault, which divides the basin into three parts: the west, the middle and the east. The fault strike, the plane position of igneous rock, the thickness of Cenozoic and the tectonic units of the three parts are different. The study of faults, igneous rocks and tectonic units in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin aims to provide geophysical support for subsequent basin research and oil and gas breakthrough.
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Key words:
- gravity and magnetic data /
- faults /
- igneous rocks /
- Cenozoic surface
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图 2 珠江口盆地重磁基础及处理
a. 珠江口盆地地形；b. 珠江口盆地卫星测高重力异常；c. 珠江口盆地布格重力异常；d. 珠江口盆地磁力异常，黑框部分为航磁数据；e. 珠江口盆地化极磁力异常
Fig. 2 The basic and gravity and magnetic in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
a. The topograph of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin; b. the free-air gravity disturbances of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin; c. the Bouguer gravity disturbances of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin; d. the magnetic anomalies of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin, the black box shows the airborne magnetic data; e. RTP of magnetic anomalies of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
图 3 前人划分断裂与布格重力异常 NVDR-THDR 叠合（a），黑色实线引自文献[3]剖面；布格重力异常 NVDR-THDR 与地质剖面叠合（b）
Fig. 3 Superposed of previous faults division and NVDR-THDR of Bouguer gravity anomalies (a), the black line is the profile according to reference [3]; superposed of NVDR-THDR of Bouguer gravity anomalies and geological profile (b)
图 4 珠江口盆地断裂与布格 NVDR-THDR 叠合（a）；珠江口盆地剩余布格重力异常与断裂叠合（b）
Fig. 4 Superposed of faults division and NVDR-THDR of Bouguer gravity anomalies of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (a); superposed of faults division and residual Bouguer gravity anomalies of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (b)
图 5 珠江口盆地断裂统计
a. 珠江口盆地断裂走向及长度玫瑰花图；b. 珠江口盆地断裂走向与频数玫瑰花图；c. 珠江口盆地断裂长度及频数直方图
Fig. 5 Statistical of faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
a. The rose diagram of faults strike and length in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin; b. the rose diagram of faults strike and frequency in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin; c. histogram of fault length and frequency in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
图 7 珠江口盆地剩余化极磁力异常（a）和珠江口盆地剩余布格重力异常 VDR 图（b）
Fig. 7 The map of the residual RTP magnetic anomalies in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (a) and the map of the VDR of the residual Bouguer anomolies in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (b)
图 9 珠江口盆地新生界底界面深度（a）和珠江口盆地新生界厚度（b）
Fig. 9 The depth of the bottom interface of Cenozoic in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (a) and the Cenozoic thickness of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (b)
图 11 珠江口盆地构造单元划分结果
Fig. 11 The division results of construction units in the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
图 12 珠江口盆地构造单元对比（a）和图a中黑框部分剩余布格重力异常（b）
橙底白线为原构造单元，紫底白线为本次划分的构造单元
Fig. 12 The comparison of structural units in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (a) and the black box with residual Bouguer gravity anomlies in figure a (b)
The white line with orange background is the former structural units, the white line with magneta background is the structural units of this division
图 13 珠江口盆地火成岩平面分布与断裂叠合（a）和珠江口盆地新生界厚度与断裂叠合（b）
Fig. 13 Superposed of horizontal distribution of igneous rocks and faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (a) and superposed of horizontal distribution of igneous rocks and faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin (b)
图 14 珠江口盆地构造格局叠合
Fig. 14 The overlay of tectonic framework of Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
表 1 珠江口盆地控盆断裂统计表
Tab. 1 The statistic of basin-control faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
断裂编号 断裂走向 断裂性质[7] 断裂属性 与前人识别对比 F1-1（滨外断裂带） NEE, NE 拉张 地壳断裂 与前人识别位置一致 F1-2（海南岛东部断裂） NNE 拉张 地壳断裂 与前人识别位置一致 F1-3（阳江–一统断裂带） NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置略有差异 F1-4（西沙海槽断裂） 近EW, NE 拉张 地壳断裂 与前人识别位置一致 F1-5 近SN 拉张 地壳断裂 与前人识别位置略有差异 F1-6（北卫滩断裂带） NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置略有差异 
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表 2 珠江口盆地控凹断裂统计表
Tab. 2 The statistic of sag-control faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin
断裂编号 断裂走向 断裂性质[7, 34] 断裂属性 与前人识别对比 F2-1 NEE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-2 NE−NEE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-3（珠三南断裂） NEE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-4 NEE−NE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-5 NEE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-6 NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 穿过珠一坳陷东部，为本次新识别断裂 F2-7 NNE, NE 拉张 盖层断裂 比前人识别位置更长 F2-8 NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-9 NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-10 NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 为本次新识别断裂 F2-11 NE−NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置存在差异 F2-12 NE−NNE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-13 NE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置略有差异 F2-14 NEE 拉张 基底断裂 与前人识别位置略有区别 F2-15 NE−NEE 拉张 基底断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-16（神狐隆起西断裂） NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置存在一定差异 F2-17 NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置具有一定差异 F2-18 NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-19 NW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-20 NWW 走滑 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-21 NWW 走滑 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-22 NNW 走滑 基底断裂 与前人识别位置具有一定差异 F2-23 NNW 走滑 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同 F2-24 NNW, NW 走滑 盖层断裂 为本次新识别断裂 F2-25 NE 拉张 盖层断裂 为本次新识别断裂 F2-26 NE 拉张 盖层断裂 与前人识别位置相同
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表 3 珠江口盆地火成岩分类及新生界钻井揭示火成岩特征表（据文献[26]）
Tab. 3 Classification of igneous rocks in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin and the features of igneous rocks revealed by Cenozoic drillings (according to reference [26])
二级构造单元 钻井岩石特征 识别结果 恩平凹陷 玄武岩夹凝灰岩 高密高磁 西江凹陷 玄武岩 低密低磁、高密高磁、高密低磁、低密高磁 惠州凹陷 英安斑岩、安山岩 低密低磁、低密高磁 惠陆低凸起 凝灰岩、安山岩、安山质凝灰岩、玄武岩 高密高磁、低密高磁 陆丰凹陷 粗面岩、流纹质/英安质凝灰岩、火山岩、角砾岩 低密低磁、高密高磁、高密低磁、低密高磁 海丰凹陷 角砾岩、凝灰岩 高密高磁、高密低磁 韩江凹陷 玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩 高密高磁、低密低磁、低密高磁 云开低凸起 凝灰岩夹玄武岩、火山角砾岩、安山质凝灰熔岩 低密高磁、高密高磁、低密低磁 白云凹陷 凝灰岩 高密低磁、低密低磁、低密高磁、高密高磁 阳春凹陷 流纹质凝灰熔岩 低密高磁、低密低磁 阳江低凸起 玄武岩 低密高磁 文昌A凹陷 凝灰岩 高密低磁 文昌B凹陷 英安斑流岩、蚀变珍珠岩 低密高磁、低密低磁 番禺低隆起 玄武岩 高密高磁、低密高磁、高密低磁、低密低磁 东沙隆起 玄武岩、流纹质凝灰岩、凝灰岩、凝灰熔岩、集块岩 高密高磁、低密高磁、高密低磁、低密低磁
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