珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类（十足目：短尾下目）物种多样性与分布

梁伟诺; 何克宏; 胡亮

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023158

珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类（十足目：短尾下目）物种多样性与分布

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023158

梁伟诺^1,,
何克宏²,
胡亮^1, ,

1.
中山大学地理科学与规划学院，广东广州 510006
2.
珠海淇澳−担杆岛省级自然保护区管理处，广东珠海 519080

基金项目: 中山大学本科教学质量与教学改革工程类项目（37000-12220011）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（41101011）。

详细信息

作者简介:
梁伟诺（1997—），男，广东省梅州市人，主要研究方向为动物地理学。E-mail：liangwn3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡亮，副教授，主要从事生物地理学与植物生态学研究。E-mail: huliang5@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P714⁺.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-18
- 修回日期: 2023-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-11-30

Intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) species diversity and distribution in Qi’ao Island, Zhujiang River Estuary

Liang Weinuo^1
,,
He Kehong²,
Hu Liang^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
Management Bureau of Qi’ao-Dan’gan Island Provincial Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China

摘要

摘要: 珠江口地处南海北部，滩涂资源丰富，潮间带大型底栖生物物种多样性高。然而，目前大部分潮间带相关研究和物种分布记录限于珠江口东岸，而对珠江口西岸的潮间带研究相对缺乏。本文以潮间带大型底栖生物主要类群短尾下目（蟹类）为研究对象，于2021−2023年间对位于珠江口西岸的珠海市淇澳岛全岛潮间带蟹类区系进行了普查，并结合历史资料对记录物种进行整理和校订，更新了淇澳岛潮间带蟹类物种名录，并对其生境与地理分布特点进行了分析。本研究共采集蟹类标本90号，分属10科21属31种，其中帕氏东方相手蟹（Orisarma patshuni）、莱氏异额蟹（Anomalifrons lightana）等17种为淇澳岛新记录，高野近方蟹（Hemigrapsus takanoi）为珠江口新记录。结合历史记录，目前淇澳岛共记录潮间带蟹类13科29属48种，其中以相手蟹科（10种）、弓蟹科（10种）和沙蟹科（8种）的物种最为丰富；区系成分主要由东亚特有类群与印度−西太平洋或西太平洋沿岸分布类群构成，具有典型的东亚暖水性特征；各类生境中以泥质滩涂和红树林边缘的蟹类物种最为丰富。至本文止，珠江口西岸潮间带蟹类记录物种数已由31种提升至55种，与珠江口东岸记录物种数持平；珠江口两岸记录总数已达14科38属77种，其中两岸共有种（33种）占总种数的42.9%。
- 甲壳动物 /
- 河口蟹类 /
- 红树林蟹类 /
- 生境分布 /
- 地理分布
Abstract: The Zhujiang River Estuary is located in the northern South China Sea. It has a wide intertidal zone and a high diversity of intertidal macrobenthos. However, most of the previous intertidal-related studies and intertidal species records were carried out on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, while studies on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary were relatively scarce. From 2021 to 2023, a comprehensive survey focus on Brachyura (crabs), one of the main groups of intertidal macrobenthos, was conducted in the intertidal zone of Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai City, western Zhujiang River Estuary. Combined with the collection and revision of species recorded in previous studies, an updated checklist of intertidal crabs in Qi’ao Island was created, and the ecological and geographical distribution of these crab species were described. A total of 90 specimens were colleted and 31 species from 10 families and 21 genera were identified. Seventeen species (e.g. Orisarma patshuni and Anomalifrons lightana) were new to the Qi’ao Island, and one species (Hemigrapsus takanoi) were new to the Zhujiang River Estuary. The updated checklist includes 48 intertidal crab species belonging to 13 families and 29 genera, among which Sesarmidae (10 species), Varunidae (10) and Ocypodidae (8) are the three most species-rich families. The crab fauna composition of the island is mainly composed of East Asian endemic taxa and Indo-West Pacific/West Pacific widespread taxa, showing overwhelming East Asian warm water characteristics. Mudflats and mangroves are the most abundant habitat types for crab species on the island. Our results has increased the number of intertidal crab species on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary from 31 to 55 species, which is the same as the number of species recorded in Shenzhen Bay on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary. The total number of intertidal crab species recorded in the Zhujiang River Estuary has reached 77 species in 14 families and 38 genera, of which 33 species (42.9%) has been reported on both the east and west coasts.
- Crustaceans /
- estuarine crabs /
- mangrove crabs /
- ecological distribution /
- geographical distribution

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图 1 淇澳岛潮间带生境类型及采样点位置

Fig. 1 The habitat types of the intertidal zone and sampling sites of Qi’ao Island

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表 1 淇澳岛潮间带蟹类名录及分布

Tab. 1 Checklist and distribution of intertidal crabs from Qi’ao Island

物种¹	采样记录²									管理局历史记录	黄建荣等^[28]
物种¹	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	管理局历史记录	黄建荣等^[28]
关公蟹科Dorippidae
熟练新关公蟹Neodorippe callida										+
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae
中华虎头蟹Orithyia sinica *					+
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae
膜壳蟹亚科Hymenosomatinae
凹背新尖额蟹Neorhynchoplax introversa										+
滨蟹属Halicarcinus sp.										+
玉蟹科Leucosiidae
坚壳蟹亚科Ebaliinae
双疣肝突蟹Pyrhila biprotubera *					+
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae
毛刺蟹亚科Pilumninae
印度海神蟹Benthopanope indica										+	+
梭子蟹科Portunidae
梭子蟹亚科Portuninae
拟曼赛因青蟹Scylla paramamosain			+				+			+
锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata^#										+	+
短桨蟹亚科Thalamitinae
钝齿蟳Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii *			+
方蟹科Grapsidae
四齿大额蟹Metopograpsus quadridentatus	+	+	+	+	+		+		+	+	+
相手蟹科Sesarmidae
红螯螳臂相手蟹Chiromantes haematocheir										+	+
带纹相手蟹Fasciarma fasciatum										+	+
无齿东方相手蟹Orisarma dehaani						+	+	+		+	+
帕氏东方相手蟹Orisarma patshuni*						+	+
中华东方相手蟹Orisarma sinense						+	+	+		+	+
近亲拟相手蟹Parasesarma affine					+	+	+	+		+	+
大陆拟相手蟹Parasesarma continentale			+		+	+	+	+		+	+
精巧拟相手蟹Parasesarma exquisitum*							+
斑点拟相手蟹Parasesarma pictum		+	+				+			+	+
明显华相手蟹Sinosesarma tangi						+	+	+		+	+
弓蟹科Varunidae
圆方蟹亚科Cyclograpsinae
隆背张口蟹Chasmagnathus convexus *							+
侧足厚蟹Helice latimera			+		+	+	+	+		+	+
秀丽长方蟹Metaplax elegans										+
长足长方蟹Metaplax longipes	+		+		+		+		+	+	+
蜞亚科Gaeticinae
平背蜞Gaetice depressus										+
弓蟹亚科Varuninae
绒螯近方蟹Hemigrapsus penicillatus^#										+	+
肉球近方蟹Hemigrapsus sanguineus										+	+
高野近方蟹Hemigrapsus takanoi*			+		+				+
字纹弓蟹Varuna litterata										+	+
游氏弓蟹Varuna yui*			+		+
毛带蟹科Dotillidae
毛带蟹亚科Dotillinae
韦氏毛带蟹Dotilla wichmanni *					+
谭氏泥蟹Ilyoplax deschampsi^#										+	+
台湾泥蟹Ilyoplax formosensis *					+
宁波泥蟹Ilyoplax ningpoensis							+			+
泥蟹属Ilyoplax sp.											+
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae
大眼蟹亚科Macrophthalminae
短身大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus					+					+
万岁大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) banzai*					+
日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus^#										+
绒毛大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) tomentosus *					+	+
悦目大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Paramareotis) erato			+		+				+	+	+
沙蟹科Ocypodidae
沙蟹亚科Ocypodinae
角眼沙蟹Ocypode ceratophthalmus *		+	+	+
痕掌沙蟹Ocypode stimpsoni^#										+	+
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae
清白南方招潮Austruca lactea *			+		+			+
北方丑招潮Gelasimus borealis *			+		+
丽彩拟瘦招潮Paraleptuca splendida										+	+
锐刺管招潮Tubuca acuta*							+
弧边管招潮Tubuca arcuata						+	+	+		+	+
屠氏管招潮Tubuca dussumieri^#										+
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae sp.											+
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae
异额蟹亚科Anomalifrontinae
莱氏异额蟹Anomalifrons lightana*					+
短眼蟹亚科Xenophthalminae
豆形短眼蟹Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides										+
总计	2	3	13	2	18	9	16	8	4	32	23
注：1. *本研究新记录物种；#历史记录存疑种；2. 采样记录：A. 南芒湾；B. 牛仔湾；C. 东澳湾；D. 牛婆湾；E. 大沙澳；F. 第二斜湾；G. 井湾；H. 夹洲岛；I. 金星门；+代表采集到相关物种。

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表 2 淇澳岛与珠江口内周边地点的潮间带蟹类物种组成比较

Tab. 2 Species composition of intertidal crab in Qi’ao Island and adjacent sites in the Zhujiang River Estuary

科	淇澳岛	澳门^{[12, 29–31]}	福田^[21–26]	米埔^{[19, 27]}	各地与淇澳岛的共有种
科	淇澳岛	澳门^{[12, 29–31]}	福田^[21–26]	米埔^{[19, 27]}	澳门	福田	米埔
关公蟹科Dorippidae	1
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae	1
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae	1
玉蟹科Leucosiidae	1	1
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae	1
梭子蟹科Portunidae	3	3	3	1	1	3	1
方蟹科Grapsidae	1		3			1
相手蟹科Sesarmidae	10	7	9	7	6	5	5
弓蟹科Varunidae	10	4	7	6	3	5	5
猴面蟹科Camptandriidae		1	2	3
毛带蟹科Dotillidae	4	1	6	4	1	3	1
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae	5	1	5	6	1	1	3
沙蟹科Ocypodidae	8	4	5	6	3	4	5
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae	2		1			1
总计	48	22	41	33	15	23	20

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