Comparative analysis on grain size distribution information between single sample and duplicate samples of beach sediment,southern Leizhou Peninsula
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摘要: 前人已开展了大量的关于沉积物粒度测试、数据分析与信息提取工作，但针对所采集的沉积物样品是否具有代表性的研究仍较为罕见。基于众数、中值粒径、粒级组分含量、沉积物类型和粒度参数等指标，本文对比分析了雷州半岛南部海滩30组沉积物平行样的粒度分布参数的定量和定性结果的异同、相关性和一致性。研究结果表明：（1）平行样的众数、中值粒径和粒级组分含量均表现出一定程度的差异性；（2）平行样的偏态和峰态特征值差异较为明显，P1平均值分别为–2.90～–1.53和11.23～21.59，P2为–2.55～–1.52和11.23～21.59，P3为–2.81～–1.86和13.41～27.69；（3）粒度参数的数值结果有约2/3的组合呈不相关关系（R2 ≤ 0.29）；（4）分选系数、偏态和峰态分别有1/3、1/2和4/15的定性结果存在差异。沉积物粒度分布信息的空间异质性和样品采集的随机性是上述差异的主要原因。为了尽可能消除样品采集的随机性和刻画粒度分布信息的时空异质性，建议未来样品采集时同时采集平行样。本文提供了一个以海滩沉积物为研究对象的平行样粒度参数结果对比的典型案例，结果有助于提升对沉积物样品有效采集策略方面的认识。Abstract: Previous research has conducted extensive work on sediment grain size testing, data analysis, and information extraction. However, studies on whether the collected sediment samples are representative are still relatively rare. Based on indicators such as the mode, median grain size, particle size distribution, sediment type, and grain size parameters, this study compared and analyzed the quantitative and qualitative results of the grain size distribution parameters of 30 parallel sediment samples collected from beaches in the southern part of Leizhou Peninsula, China. The study examined the differences, correlations, and consistencies of these parameters. The results showed that: (1) the mode, median grain size, and particle size distribution of parallel samples exhibited a certain degree of variability; (2) the skewness and kurtosis of parallel samples showed significant differences, with average values of P1 ranging from –2.90 to –1.53 and 11.23 to 21.59, P2 ranging from –2.55 to –1.52 and 11.23 to 21.59, and P3 ranging from –2.81 to –1.86 and 13.41 to 27.69; (3) about two-thirds of the combinations of grain size parameters had no correlation (R2 ≤ 0.29); (4) qualitative results of sorting coefficients, skewness, and kurtosis showed differences in 1/3, 1/2, and 4/15 of the cases, respectively. The spatial heterogeneity of sediment grain size distribution information and the randomness of sample collection are the main reasons for these differences. To minimize the randomness of sample collection and characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of grain size distribution information, parallel samples are recommended for future sample collection. This study provides a typical case of comparing the results of parallel sample grain size parameters for beach sediment, which can improve our understanding of effective sediment sample collection strategies.
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图 2 不同断面沉积物众数（a、b和c）和中值粒径（d、e和f）的特征值
Fig. 2 Characteristics values of the mode (a, b and c) and median size (d, e and f) of different profiles sediment
图 3 不同断面沉积物的粒级组分含量：P1（a、d和g），P2（b、e和h）和P3（c、f和i）
Fig. 3 Sediment grain size fraction content of different profiles: P1 (a, d and g)，P2 (b, e and h) and P3 (c, f and i)
图 4 粒度参数的数值结果及其线性拟合方程：平均粒径（a、b和c）；分选系数（d、e和f）；偏态（g、h和i）；峰态（j、k和l）
Fig. 4 Regression equations and numerical values for the grain size parameters: mean size (a, b and c); sorting coefficient (d, e and f); skewness (g, h and i); and kurtosis (j, k and l)
图 5 粒度参数的定性描述术语划分结果：平均粒径（a、b和c）；分选系数（d、e和f）；偏态（g、h和i）；峰态（j、k和l）
Fig. 5 Physical descriptive terms of grain size parameters: mean size (a, b and c); sorting coefficient (d, e and f); skewness (g, h and i); and kurtosis (j, k and l)
图 6 不同采样断面平行样的粒径概率分布曲线
Fig. 6 Grain size distribution curves of the duplicate samples of different sampling profiles
图 7 单一样相对于平行样粒度参数数值的相对误差
Fig. 7 Relative errors between the grain size parameters of single sample and duplicate samples
图 8 单一样和平行样粒度参数定性描述术语的结果对比：分选系数（a，b和c）；偏态（d，e和f）；峰态（g，h和i）
Fig. 8 Physical descriptive terms of grain size parameters between single sample and duplicate samples: sorting coefficient (a, b and c); skewness (d, e and f); and kurtosis (g, h and i)
粒度参数 公式 平均粒径（$\varPhi $） $ \dfrac{\sum\limits _{i}^{n}{X}_{i}{f}_{i}}{100} $ 分选系数 $ {\left[\dfrac{\sum\limits _{i}^{n}{{f}_{i}({X}_{i}-\overline{X})}^{2}}{100}\right]}^{1/2} $ 偏态 $ \dfrac{\sum\limits _{i}^{n}{({X}_{i}-\overline{X})}^{3}{f}_{i}}{100{\sigma }^{3}} $ 峰态 $ \dfrac{\sum\limits _{i}^{n}{({X}_{i}-\overline{X})}^{4}{f}_{i}}{100{\sigma }^{4}} $ 注： Xi为粒级组的中值（$\varPhi $），fi为各粒级范围的百分比含量，$ \sigma $为分选系数的结果。 
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Tab. 2 Physical descriptive terms and their ranges applied to numerical values for grain size parameters[5, 9]
粒度参数 定性描述术语 数值范围 分选 分选极好 < 0.35 分选好 0.35～0.50 分选较好 0.50～0.70 分选中等 0.70～1.00 分选较差 1.00～2.00 分选差 2.00～4.00 分选极差 > 4.00 偏态 极负偏 < –1.30 负偏 –1.30～–0.43 近对称 –0.43～0.43 正偏 0.43～1.30 极正偏 > 1.30 峰态 很平坦 < 1.70 平坦 1.70～2.55 中等 2.55～3.70 尖锐 3.70～7.40 很尖锐 > 7.40
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表 3 粒度参数数值结果特征值统计表
Tab. 3 Characteristic values of grainsize parameters for the numerical values
粒度参数 采样断面编号 平行样 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准偏差 平均粒径（$\varPhi $） P1 i 2.54 2.84 2.76 0.08 ii 2.74 2.83 2.79 0.03 iii 2.69 2.89 2.78 0.05 P2 i 2.79 3.01 2.87 0.05 ii 2.79 2.98 2.88 0.05 iii 2.78 3.12 2.88 0.09 P3 i 2.57 2.89 2.75 0.08 ii 2.60 2.97 2.87 0.10 iii 2.83 2.94 2.89 0.03 分选系数 P1 i 0.22 0.34 0.27 0.04 ii 0.20 0.32 0.28 0.04 iii 0.19 0.31 0.25 0.04 P2 i 0.20 0.34 0.25 0.05 ii 0.10 0.33 0.21 0.06 iii 0.17 0.44 0.24 0.07 P3 i 0.18 0.63 0.41 0.12 ii 0.19 0.26 0.22 0.02 iii 0.21 0.30 0.25 0.03 偏态 P1 i –3.77 –1.98 –2.81 0.63 ii –3.97 –1.04 –2.90 0.91 iii –3.21 –0.41 –1.53 0.87 P2 i –4.97 –0.32 –2.55 1.69 ii –4.31 0.35 –1.80 1.38 iii –5.10 0.14 –1.52 1.52 P3 i –3.78 –0.43 –2.65 0.93 ii –3.22 –0.35 –1.86 0.79 iii –4.26 –1.07 –2.81 0.94 峰态 P1 i 14.06 27.21 21.59 4.53 ii 9.95 30.28 21.53 6.54 iii 4.92 27.8 11.23 6.56 P2 i 5.62 56.45 26.39 16.50 ii 5.50 63.58 22.86 15.57 iii 4.41 55.80 17.93 14.28 P3 i 4.49 23.02 13.41 5.75 ii 8.76 33.81 19.89 6.38 iii 13.48 40.53 27.69 10.02
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