河网型分汊河口分流比影响因素探究

苏敏; 姚鹏; 余志斌; 安欣禧

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023143

河网型分汊河口分流比影响因素探究以珠江蕉门口为例

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023143

苏敏^{1, 2, 4,},
姚鹏^{1, 2, 3},
余志斌^{1, 2, ,},
安欣禧²

1.
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
2.
河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院，江苏南京 210098
3.
大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116024
4.
华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200241

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3106201）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（B230201046）；国家自然科学基金项目（51809296，52071129）；大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目（LP2207）；河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLEC-KF202006)；江苏省“双创计划”项目。

详细信息

作者简介:
苏敏（1986—），女，山东省菏泽市人，副教授，博士，主要从事河口海岸动力地貌方面研究。E-mail：sumin@hhu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
余志斌，男，主要从事河口海岸水动力环境方面研究。E-mail：yzb_hhu@163.com

中图分类号: TV122；P736.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-18
- 修回日期: 2023-05-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-30

Research on the effect factors of flow division ratio in river networks bifurcated estuary: A case of Jiaomen outlet, the Zhujiang River Delta

Su Min^{1, 2, 4
,},
Yao Peng^{1, 2, 3},
Yu Zhibin^{1, 2
, ,},
An Xinxi²

1.
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

摘要

摘要: 珠江蕉门河口是典型的河网型分汊河口，是珠江口重要的泄洪排沙通道，其分流比变化对珠江三角洲地貌演变、防洪与航运等至关重要。本文基于蕉门近期地貌形态，以凫洲水道落潮分流比为研究对象，设计系列水槽实验，选取分汊河道断面形态与分汊角两个影响因素进行敏感性分析，探究河网型分汊河口分流比随上述因子的演变规律。结果表明：在分汊河道断面形态稳定的基础上，凫洲水道分流比与虎门、蕉门相对流速有较好的相关关系，受两口门绝对流速的影响较小；分流比与蕉门南水道水深呈负相关，与凫洲水道水深呈正相关；分汊角在30°～65°区间内，分流比与分汊角呈负相关，分汊角在65°～75°时，分流比与分汊角的正负相关关系在流速比V = 0.7前后转换；通过量化各变量敏感性，分别得到凫洲水道分流比增大或减小对上述因子的敏感性大小。研究成果可为蕉门整治工程提供参考依据。
- 分汊河口 /
- 分流比 /
- 水槽实验 /
- 敏感性分析 /
- 蕉门凫洲水道
Abstract: Jiaomen outlet is a typical river network bifurcated estuary and an important channel for flood discharge and sediment discharge of the Zhujiang River. The change of diversion ratio in bifurcated Jiaomen outlet is crucial to the geomorphological evolution, flood control and navigation safety of the Zhujiang River Delta. This study designed a series of flume experiments, and selected sensitivity analysis parameter which includes the water depth of bifurcated channel and bifurcated angle to explores the evolution of the flow division ratio of the river network type bifurcated estuary with the above factors. The dimension of the physical model is based on the recent geomorphic morphology of Jiaomen outlet. The result show that, on the basis of the stability of the section feature of the bifurcated channel, the flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel depicts a good correlation with the flow velocity ratio between Humen and Jiaomen, and is less affected by the absolute flow velocity of the two outlets. Subsequently, the sensitivity experiment result indicate that the flow division ratio is negatively correlated with the water depth of Jiaomen South Channel and positively correlated with the water depth of Fuzhou Channel, and when the bifurcation angle is between 30° and 65°, the flow division ratio is negatively correlated with the bifurcation angle, but when the bifurcation angle is between 65° and 75°, the positive and negative correlation between the flow division ratio and the bifurcation angle changes around the velocity ratio V = 0.7. Then, the sensitivity of the increase or decrease of the flow division ratio to the above each variable can be obtained by quantifying the sensitivity experiment result. The research results can provide reference for artificial regulation project of Jiaomen outlet.
- bifurcated estuary /
- flow division ratio /
- flume experiment /
- sensitive analysis /
- Jiaomen outlet Fuzhou Channel

HTML全文

图 1 珠江伶仃洋位置示意图（a）及蕉门分汊河口各水道放大图（b）

Fig. 1 The location of the Lingding Bay, the Zhujiang River Estuary (a) and the enlarged Jiaomen bifurcated outlet (b)

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图 2 水槽模型设计及仪器布置平面图（a）与正视图（b）

Fig. 2 Top view (a) and front view (b) of flume experiment design and instruments layout

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图 3 凫洲水道分流比随断面流速比变化（Case RF65与姚鹏等^[28]流速比相同但绝对流速不同）

Fig. 3 Relationship between flow division ratio of the Fuzhou Channel and velocity ratio between outlets (Case RF65 and the results of Yao et al ^[28] have the same velocity ratio while different velocity magnitudes)

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图 4 凫洲水道与虎门汇流比随断面流速比变化（Case RF65与姚鹏等^[28]流速比相同但绝对流速不同）

Fig. 4 Relationship between flow confluence ratio of the Fuzhou Channel and velocity ratio between outlets (Case RF65 and the results of Yao et al ^[28] have the same velocity ratio while different velocity magnitudes)

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图 5 凫洲水道分流比及汇流比随虎门、蕉门断面流速比变化（虎门流速不变）

Fig. 5 The relationship between variation of flow division ratio, confluence discharge ratio of Fuzhou channel and flow discharge of Humen and Jiaomen outlets (in case of constant Humen flow velocity)

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图 6 蕉门南水道3组不同水深实验下凫洲水道分流比随断面流速比（V₁∶V₂）变化

Fig. 6 Variation of flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel with flow velocity ratio between V₁ and V₂ in three different water depth experiments of Jiaomen South Channel

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图 7 凫洲水道3组不同水深实验下凫洲水道分流比随断面流速比（V₁∶V₂）变化

Fig. 7 Variation of flow division ratio of Fuzhou channel with flow velocity ratio between V₁ and V₂ in three different water depth experiments of Fuzhou Channel

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图 8 4组不同分汊角实验下凫洲水道分流比随断面流速比（V₁∶V₂）变化

Fig. 8 Variation of flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel with flow velocity ratio between V₁ and V₂ in four different bifurcation angle experiments

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图 9 引起凫洲水道分流比增大的变量敏感性系数变化

Fig. 9 Variation of sensitivity coefficient of parameters causing increase of flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel

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图 10 引起凫洲水道分流比减小的变量敏感性系数变化

Fig. 10 Variation of sensitivity coefficient of parameters causing decrease of flow division ratio of Fuzhou Channel

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表 1 基准实验流速比工况设计表

Tab. 1 Flow velocity ratio setting in the reference run

工况	V₁/（cm·s⁻¹）	V₂/（cm·s⁻¹）	V₁/V₂
1	2.8	14	0.2
2	5.6	14	0.4
3	7	14	0.5
4	8.4	14	0.6
5（基准工况）	11.2	14	0.8
6（基准工况）	14	14	1
7	14	11.7	1.2
8	14	10	1.4
9	14	8.8	1.6
10	14	7.8	1.8
11	14	7	2
12	14	5.8	2.4

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表 2 敏感性分析实验参数设计表

Tab. 2 Parameter setting of sensitivity experimental scenarios

参数变化	组次	S₄相对水深比（蕉门南水道）	S₅相对水深比（凫洲水道）	分汊角
基准实验	Case RF65	1	1	65°
蕉门南水道水深	Case JND	1.86
蕉门南水道水深	Case JNS	0.65
凫洲水道水深	Case FZD	1	1.86
凫洲水道水深	Case FZS		0.65
分汊角	Case RF30		1	30°
	Case RF45			45°
	Case RF75			75°
注：相对水深比指敏感性分析实验中的水深与基准实验中的水深之比。

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表 3 各组实验中凫洲水道主支汊转换及支汊消亡的流速比阈值

Tab. 3 Threshold of velocity ratio for the Fuzhou Channel turn to secondary branch and threshold of velocity ratio for the shrivel of current secondary branch

组次	主支汊转换流速比	蕉门南水道消亡流速比
Case RF65(基准实验)	0.30	1.65
Case JND	0.72	2.02
Case JNS	0.03	1.18
Case FZD	0.09	1.53
Case FZS	0.29	1.96
Case RF30	0.07	1.46
Case RF45	0.06	1.59
Case RF75	/	2.15

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