短峰畸形波生成、演化过程的外部特征研究

崔成; 潘文博

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023093

短峰畸形波生成、演化过程的外部特征研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023093

崔成^1,,
潘文博¹

交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所港口水工建筑技术国家工程研究中心，天津 300456

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年项目（51509120）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（52171260）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研基金（TKS20200317）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔成（1984-），男，辽宁省海城市人，主要从事随机波浪及其与结构物相互作用研究。 E-mail：chengcui1984@163.com

中图分类号: P731.22
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-09
- 修回日期: 2023-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-01

Study on the external characteristics of the generation and evolution of short-crested freak waves

Cui Cheng^1
,,
Pan Wenbo¹

National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, China

摘要

摘要: 在实际海况中，由于波浪组分方向不同，使海浪常表现为三维短峰波，与二维长峰波相比，有诸多异同特征。为了研究三维畸形波生成和演化过程中异常大波的外部特征以及大波间的关联，本文采用色散和方向聚焦方法在物理水池中模拟了短峰畸形波的整个生成和演化过程。研究结果表明，生成和演化过程中出现的异常大波沿着方向分布函数峰值方向演化，具有一定程度“对称”特征；根据异常大波的特征参数可将该过程分成3～4个典型的阶段，这意味着可以根据异常大波的特征参数判断其所处阶段及预测其演化趋势；三维畸形波生成和演化过程可能会跳过“波群”或者“深谷”阶段，与二维畸形波相比，时−空范围较小，这意味着在三维波浪场中，与畸形波相关的深谷和波群的发生概率较低。
- 畸形波 /
- 生成和演化 /
- 三维 /
- 多向波 /
- 短峰波
Abstract: In the real sea state, the differences in directions of component waves result in three-dimensional short-crested waves, which have many different characteristics compared to two-dimensional long-crested waves. Therefore, in present study, the whole generation and evolution processes of short-crested freak waves are experimentally simulated by dispersive and directional focusing of component waves, in order to examine the external features and relationship of the abnormal large waves occurring during the processes. The results indicate that the abnormal large wave evolves symmetrically along the peak wave direction and undergoes a three- or four-stage process, each stage is indicated by the characteristic parameters of the abnormal large wave, it implies that the characteristic parameters can be used to identify the stage which the large abnormal wave is in and predict the variation tendency; and that compared to the two-dimensional cases, the “wave group” and “deep trough” stages are likely to be skipped, as a result, the spatio-temporal spans of the generation and evolution processes are smaller for the three-dimensional cases, it implies that in three-dimensional wave fields, the deep troughs and successive large waves (wave group) associated with freak waves may have a low probability of occurrence.
- freak wave /
- generation and evolution /
- three-dimension /
- multidirectional wave /
- short-crested wave

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图 1 二维试验水槽和测波杆布置图

Fig. 1 The sketch of the wave flume and wave gauge locations for two-dimension experiments

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图 2 三维试验水池和测波杆布置图

Fig. 2 The sketch of the wave basin and wave gauge locations for three-dimension experiments

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图 3 二维畸形波模拟谱和目标谱对比

Fig. 3 Comparison of target and simulated spectrum for the 2D freak wave

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图 4 二维畸形波生成、演化过程中异常大波无量纲波面

Fig. 4 Normalized surface elevations of abnormal large waves occurring during the generation and evolution process of a two-dimensional freak wave

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图 5 三维畸形波模拟谱和目标谱对比

Fig. 5 Comparison of target and simulated spectrum for the 3D freak wave

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图 6 工况1三维畸形波生成、演化过程中异常大波无量纲波面时间过程

Fig. 6 Normalized surface elevations of abnormal large waves occurring during the generation and evolution process of the three-dimensional freak wave for Case 1

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图 7 工况2三维畸形波生成、演化过程中异常大波无量纲波面时间过程

Fig. 7 Normalized surface elevations of abnormal large waves occurring during the generation and evolution process of the three-dimensional freak wave for Case 2

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图 8 工况3三维畸形波生成、演化过程中异常大波无量纲波面时间过程

Fig. 8 Normalized surface elevations of abnormal large waves occurring during the generation and evolution process of the three-dimensional freak wave for Case 3

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图 9 工况4三维畸形波生成、演化过程中异常大波无量纲波面时间过程

Fig. 9 Normalized surface elevations of abnormal large waves occurring during the generation and evolution process of the three-dimensional freak wave for Case 4

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表 1 二维异常大波特征参数统计结果

Tab. 1 Freak wave parameters of abnormal large waves for the two-dimensional freak wave

大波类型	参数	图片编号
type I大波	α_1-up = 2.0, α_2-up= 1.2, α_3-up= 1.6, α_4-up= 0.55或α_1-down = 2.0, α_2-down= 1.4, α_3-down= 1.3, α_4-down = 0.55	图4a
type II大波	α_1-up = 2.3, α_2-up= 4.0, α_3-up= 1.5, α_4-up= 0.39或α_1-down = 2.3, α_2-down=1.8, α_3-down= 2.2, α_4-down = 0.40	图4b
type III大波	α_1-up = 2.3, α_2-up= 1.6, α_3-up= 3.4, α_4-up= 0.73或α_1-down = 2.8, α_2-down= 3.6, α_3-down= 2.9, α_4-down = 0.61	图4c
type IV大波	α_1-up = 2.7, α_2-up= 2.0, α_3-up= 4.0, α_4-up= 0.68或α_1-down = 2.7, α_2-down = 3.3, α_3-down = 2.1, α_4-down = 0.68	图4d
type V大波	α_1-up = 2.7, α_2-up = 3.1, α_3-up= 2.6, α_4-up= 0.58或α_1-down = 2.1, α_2-down= 2.7, α_3-down= 1.2, α_4-down = 0.75	图4e
type II大波	α_1-up = 2.3, α_2-up= 2.0, α_3-up = 1.7, α_4-up = 0.43或α_1-down = 2.2, α_2-down = 1.5, α_3-down = 3.8, α_4-down = 0.40	图4f
type I大波	α_1-up = 2.1, α_2-up= 1.1, α_3-up= 1.7, α_4-up= 0.58或α_1-down = 2.1, α_2-down= 1.5, α_3-down= 1.3, α_4-down = 0.58	图4g

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表 2 三维异常大波的上跨零点特征参数

Tab. 2 Freak wave parameters of abnormal large waves for three-dimensional cases based on zero-up crossing analysis

工况	阶段	类型	α_1-up	α_2-up	α_3-up	α_4-up	（t_m– t_c）/T_s	（x_m− x_c）/L_s
工况1	第2	II	2.1	2.4	1.4	0.44	−1.80	−1.30
	第3	III	2.0	1.3	2.2	0.70	−0.40	−0.50
	第4	IV	2.5	2.0	2.9	0.76	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.2	2.4	2.0	0.60	0.90	0.80
工况2	第3	III	2.0	1.3	2.9	0.69	−0.20	−0.30
	第4	IV	2.2	2.1	3.1	0.73	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	2.6	2.0	0.56	1.10	1.10
工况3	第3	III	2.0	1.3	3.3	0.70	−0.60	−0.60
	第4	IV	2.5	2.7	3.1	0.74	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.2	3.3	2.4	0.53	0.90	0.90
	第6	II	2.0	2.9	1.8	0.53	1.70	1.20
工况4	第3	III	2.0	1.3	3.0	0.71	−0.60	−0.70
	第4	IV	2.6	2.3	3.2	0.73	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.1	2.0	2.7	0.54	0.80	0.70
工况5	第3	III	2.0	1.7	2.6	0.7	−0.10	−0.10
	第4	IV	2.3	3.7	2.6	0.75	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.1	3.7	2.7	0.61	0.50	0.40
	第6	II	2.0	3.8	1.7	0.53	1.10	0.70
工况6	第3	III	2.0	1.7	3.9	0.65	−0.10	−0.10
	第4	IV	2.1	2.0	4.1	0.67	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.4	2.7	2.8	0.59	0.40	0.30
	第6	II	2.0	2.9	1.8	0.45	1.10	0.70

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表 3 三维异常大波的下跨零点特征参数

Tab. 3 Freak wave parameters of abnormal large waves for three-dimensional cases based on zero-down crossing analysis

工况	阶段	类型	α_1-down	α_2-down	α_3-down	α_4-down	（t_m– t_c）/T_s	（x_m− x_c） /L_s
工况1	第2	II	2.1	1.7	2.0	0.45	−1.80	−1.30
	第3	III	2.4	2.8	2.1	0.59	−0.40	−0.50
	第4	IV	2.5	3.1	2.2	0.73	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	2.3	1.5	0.77	0.70	0.60
工况2	第3	III	2.4	3.4	2.0	0.57	−0.20	−0.30
	第4	IV	2.2	3.5	2.0	0.74	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	2.2	1.8	0.67	0.50	0.50
工况3	第2	II	2.0	1.8	2.6	0.58	−1.60	−1.20
	第3	III	2.3	3.5	2.3	0.60	−0.60	−0.60
	第4	IV	2.5	4.5	2.0	0.74	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	6.9	1.1	0.71	0.60	0.60
工况4	第3	III	2.1	2.3	2.1	0.51	−0.80	−0.90
	第4	IV	2.5	2.8	2.1	0.75	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	2.5	1.6	0.69	0.30	0.20
工况5	第3	III	2.2	5.5	2.0	0.57	−0.20	−0.20
	第4	IV	2.3	4.6	2.0	0.75	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.1	4.7	1.8	0.80	0.10	0.10
工况6	第3	III	2.0	3.0	2.0	0.59	−0.10	−0.10
	第4	IV	2.1	2.9	2.0	0.68	0.00	0.00
	第5	V	2.0	2.9	1.7	0.72	0.10	0.10

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