基于GEE的黄河口表层悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布及其影响因素分析

李慧真; 王雨辰; 段高雨; 黄珏

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023090

基于GEE的黄河口表层悬浮泥沙浓度时空分布及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023090

山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院，山东青岛 266590

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（42076185，41706194）；山东科技大学科研创新团队支持计划（2019TDJH103）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李慧真（2001-），女，山东省临沂市人，研究方向为水色遥感。E-mail: lihuizhen_2001@163.com

通讯作者:
黄珏，女，湖南省韶山市人，副教授，研究方向为水环境遥感。E-mail: huangjue@sdust.edu.cn

中图分类号: X87; P734.2⁺31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-30
- 修回日期: 2023-03-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentration and its influencing factors in the Huanghe River Estuary based on GEE

College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

摘要

摘要: 黄河三角洲作为我国重要的生态功能区，探究入海口处表层悬浮泥沙浓度（Suspended Sediment Concentration, SSC）分布及其影响因素对沉积物侵蚀再悬浮、河口海岸带生态过程等具有指导意义。本文基于色度角与SSC之间的关系建立了适于黄河口及邻近海域的SSC反演模型（R² = 0.80，MRE = 11.0%，RMSE = 1.35 mg/L）。借助GEE平台，研究得到2000−2021年黄河口及邻近海域SSC的时空分布特征和变化规律，并从自然和人类活动两方面进行影响因素分析。研究区年均SSC呈波动下降的趋势（−1.83 mg/（L·a））；空间分布表现为由近岸向远岸逐渐降低的趋势；扩散区间（年均SSC > 20 mg/L）仅在距离河口4.8～14.6 km之间，黄河入海泥沙对现行黄河口处泥沙扩散影响有限。波浪与悬浮泥沙浓度存在相同的季节特征，非调水调沙期间，有效波高与SSC年代际月均值呈现正相关关系（r = 0.66，p < 0.01）；调水调沙期间，现行黄河口门以及莱州湾处SSC受风速、有效波高影响有限，调水调沙占主导地位。调水调沙期间的来沙系数与高浓度区面积变化率呈正相关的关系，调水调沙结束后（16 d内），高浓度区（SSC > 200 mg/L）边界由距沿岸约1.3 km扩大至约2.5 km。
- GEE （Google Earth Engine）平台 /
- 色度角 /
- 黄河口及邻近海域 /
- 悬浮泥沙浓度 /
- 调水调沙
Abstract: The Huanghe River Delta is an important ecological function area in China. It is of guiding significance to explore the distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at the estuary and its influencing factors for sediment erosion and re-suspension, and the ecological process in the estuary and coastal zone. Based on the relationship between chromaticity angle and SSC, an SSC inversion model (R² = 0.80, MRE = 11.0%, RMSE = 1.35 mg/L) suitable for the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas is established in this paper. With the help of the GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and changing rules of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea area during the 22 years from 2000 to 2021 were studied, and the influencing factors were analyzed from two aspects of nature and human activities. The annual average value of SSC in the study area showed a downward trend (−1.83 mg/(L·a)). The spatial distribution shows that SSC gradually decreases from near shore to far shore; the diffusion interval (SSC > 20 mg/(L·a)) is only 4.8−14.6 km away from the estuary, and the influence of sediment from the Yellow River on the current sediment diffusion at the estuary is limited. The wave and suspended sediment concentration have the same seasonal characteristics. During the non-water and sediment regulation period, there is a positive correlation between the effective wave height and the SSC interdecadal monthly average (r = 0.66, p < 0.01). During the period of water and sediment regulation, the current SSC at the mouth of the Huanghe River and Laizhou Bay is limited by wind speed and effective wave height, and water and sediment regulation is dominant. During the period of water and sediment regulation, there is a positive correlation between the incoming sediment coefficient and the area change rate of high-concentration areas. After the water and sediment regulation (within 16 days), the boundary of the high concentration area (SSC > 200 mg/L) is expanded from about 1.3 km to about 2.5 km from the coast.
- GEE (Google Earth Engine) plantform /
- hue angle /
- Huanghe River Estuary and adjacent sea area /
- suspended sediment concentration /
- water and sediment regulation

HTML全文

图 1 黄河口及邻近海域采样站点示意图

图中红框为5.3.2节中的研究范围

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of sampling stations in Huanghe River Estuary and adjacent sea areas

Red box is the research scope in Section 5.3.2

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图 2 SSC反演模型的校准（a）与验证（b）

Fig. 2 Calibration (a) and verification (b) of the SSC inversion model

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图 3 2000−2021年黄河口及邻近海域SSC逐年均值分布

Fig. 3 Annual mean distribution of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas from 2000 to 2021

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图 4 2000−2021年黄河口及邻近海域SSC年均值变化

Fig. 4 Annual mean change of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas from 2000 to 2021

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图 5 2000−2021年黄河口及邻近海域SSC月均值分布

Fig. 5 Monthly mean distribution of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas from 2000 to 2021

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图 6 2000–2021年黄河口及邻近海域SSC季均值变化

Fig. 6 Seasonal mean change of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas from 2000 to 2021

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图 7 黄河口及邻近海域SSC季均值（a、b、c、d）和年均值（e）分布

Fig. 7 Seasonal mean (a, b, c, d) and annual mean (e) distribution of SSC in the Huanghe River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas

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图 8 2000−2021年利津站年均含沙量与SSC的关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between incoming sediment coefficient and SSC in Lijin Station from 2000 to 2021

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图 9 研究区逐月波高等级分布

Fig. 9 Monthly wave height grade distribution in the study area

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图 10 研究区各时段有效波高与SSC年代际月均值关系图

Fig. 10 Relationship between effective wave height and SSC interdecadal monthly mean value in the study area

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图 11 小浪底水文站调水调沙年份与未调水调沙年份SSC反演结果对比

Fig. 11 Comparison of SSC inversion results between the year of water and sediment regulation and the year of no water and sediment regulation at Xiaolangdi Hydrological Station

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图 12 2006–2017年各年6−9月的平均风速及其变化率

Fig. 12 Average wind speed and its change rate from June to September in 2006 to 2017

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图 13 调水调沙期间来沙系数与调水调沙前后高浓度区面积变化率关系图

Fig. 13 Relationship between incoming sediment coefficient during water and sediment regulation and area change rate of high concentration area before and after water and sediment regulation

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表 1 实测数据信息

Tab. 1 Measured data information

采样时间/影像时间	建模数据站点	验证数据站点
2012年9月10日	S3、S4、S5、S6、S7、S8、 S9、S10、S11、S12、S13	S10、S14
2012年9月14日	S24、S25、S26、S27
2012年9月19日	S15、S18、S23	S1、S2、S16、S17
2012年9月20日		S19、S20、S21、S22

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模型比较

Tab. 2 Comparison of remote sensing inversion models of suspended sediment concentration

X₁	模型	R²	RMSE	MRE/%
B1	SSC = exp(0.290 + 47.02X₁) ^[28]	0.87	40.57	15.50
IR	SSC = 0.21 − 40.88X₁ + 34 419.43X₁² −1 85 335X₁^{3 [29]}	0.90	11.20	12.50
B1/B4	SSC = 3.407 × exp(3.708X₁)^[30]	0.80	5.06	11.00
B1/B4	SSC = 0.493 2 × exp(4.215X₁)^[31]	0.81	4.75	12.50
α	SSC = 1 156 274.11 × exp( – 0.14X₁) （本文）	0.80	1.35	11.00

下载: 导出CSV

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