Sources and transport of clay mineral in surface sediments of the sea of northeastern Seychelles Islands
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摘要: 本文基于塞舌尔群岛东北部海域34个表层沉积物样品的黏土矿物测试结果分析其组成特征、分布规律和物质来源。研究区表层沉积物中黏土矿物平均相对含量从高到低依次为伊利石（35%）、坡缕石（20%）、蒙皂石（20%）、高岭石（16%）、绿泥石（10%）。根据沉积物黏土矿物相对含量和空间分布规律，可将研究区分为2个亚区（I区、II区）。I区覆盖研究区北部大部区域，物质来源主要为阿拉伯半岛、印度半岛西南部以及索马里海岸沙漠的风尘物质；II区位于研究区南部的塞舌尔群岛以东，主要接收塞舌尔高原风化物质。综合分析研究区细颗粒物质来源、空间分布规律及区域动力环境特征，南亚夏季风搬运阿拉伯半岛、印度西部及索马里海岸沙漠风尘物质向南输运是影响I区黏土矿物组成的主要因素；南赤道逆流驱动塞舌尔高原富高岭石、绿泥石的细粒风化物质向东扩散，控制了II区黏土矿物组成特征和空间分布规律。Abstract: The relative contents of clay minerals in 34 surface sediment samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the content of clay minerals in the surface sediments was illite (35%), palygorskite (20%), smectite (20%), kaolinite (16%) and chlorite (10%). Q-cluster analysis using SPSS software shows that clay minerals can be divided into two provinces (Province I and Province II). Province I covers most of the northern area, and the source is mainly the dust influx from the deserts of Arabian Peninsula, western India and Somali coast; Province II is located at the southwest of the study area, mainly receiving the weathering matters from the granite bedrock of Seychelles Plateau. A comprehensive analysis of the sources of fine particulate matter in the study area and the regional dynamical environment reveals that the southward transport of the aeolian dust from the Arabian Peninsula, western India and the Somali coastal deserts by the South Asian summer monsoon controls the composition of clay minerals in the Province I. The south equatorial low latitude ocean current system promotes the meridional diffusion of fine particles in the study area. The southern Equatorial Counter Current drives the eastward diffusion of kaolinite and chlorite-rich fine materials from Seychelles Plateau.
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Key words:
- sediment /
- clay minerals /
- provenance /
- monsoon /
- ocean currents /
- western Indian Ocean
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图 1 研究区位置、南亚季风路径及表层环流模式图
研究区站位包括DSDP 234～236, 240～241；SK 114, GC03, GC04[34]；ODP 720A[35]；塔尔沙漠[13]。红色曲线代表夏季西印度洋表层环流，蓝色曲线代表冬季西印度洋表层环流。SMC：夏季风环流；NMC：冬季风环流；NEC：北赤道流；SC：索马里海流；EACC：东非沿岸流；SECC：南赤道逆流；SEC：南赤道流。红色箭头代表西南季风风向，蓝色箭头代表东北季风风向；黄色箭头代表亚洲、非洲风尘物质输送路径周边重要尘源区，依据文献[10]改绘；西印度洋表层环流依据文献[31]改绘
Fig. 1 Location of the study area, southern Asian moonsoon and surface Current pattern of map
Sampling stations includes DSDP 234−236, 240−241；SK 114, GC03, GC04[34]; ODP 720A[35]; Thar Desert[13]. Red curves indicate the surface circulation during southwest monsoon. Blue curves indicate the surface circulation during northeast monsoo. SMC: Summer Wind Circulation; NMC: Winter Wind Circulation; NEC: North Equatorial Current; SC: Somali Current; EACC: East African Coastal Current; SECC: South Equatorial Counter Current; SEC: South Equatorial Current. Red arrow indicates the southwest monsoon winds. Blue arrow indicates the northeast monsoon winds. Yellow arrow indicates the transport path of aeolian materials in Asia and Africa. Some important dust source regions modified from reference [10]. The western Indian Ocean surface circulation modified from reference [31]
图 2 研究区表层沉积物分布特征及水深分布
a. 黏土；b. 硅质生物；c. 钙质生物。灰色线为等深线
Fig. 2 Distribution of surface sediments types and water depth in the study area
a. Clay; b. siliceous ooze; c. calcareous ooze. The gray lines indicate the is obath lines
图 3 表层沉积物黏土矿物含量（a−e）、黏土矿物指标（f−h）分布特征及研究区水深分布（灰色线为等深线）
Fig. 3 Distribution characteristic of clay mineral content (a−e) and index (f−h) in surface sediments and wate depth distribution in the study area (the gray lines indicate the isbath line)
图 4 研究区表层黏土矿物分区
灰色为等深线
Fig. 4 Clay mineral provinces in the study area
The gray lines indieate the isobath lines
图 5 蒙皂石−（伊利石+绿泥石）−坡缕石三角端元图
Fig. 5 Triangular diagram with smectite, playgorskite and illite+chlorite as end members
表 1 研究区表层沉积物黏土矿物含量统计表
Tab. 1 Statistical table of clay minerals content in surface sediments of the study area
沉积物 I区（n = 24） II区（n = 10） 平均值/% 最高值/% 最低值/% 平均值/% 最高值/% 最低值/% 伊利石 37 45 29 30 39 24 坡缕石 21 29 15 19 23 14 蒙皂石 18 26 9 25 34 21 高岭石 15 21 11 18 22 14 绿泥石 10 17 3 9 13 5 
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表 2 研究区周边大陆及钻孔顶部沉积物黏土矿物相对含量
Tab. 2 Ralative content of clay minerals in the adjacent regions and the top of holes of study area
研究地点 站位 纬度 经度 相对含量 参考文献 蒙皂石/% 坡缕石/% 伊利石/% 绿泥石/% 高岭石/% 印度扇西缘 720A 16.130 0°N 60.740 0°E 4 0 69 14 13 Govil和 Naidu[35] 索马里海盆 234 4.482 7°N 51.224 7°E 30 29 19 0 8 深海钻探计划（DSDP） 235 3.234 3°N 52.694 0°E 41 28 14 0 11 236 1.677 0°S 57.647 5°E 37 0 22 2 12 240 3.487 3°S 50.053 7°E 55 16 10 0 14 241 2.370 7°S 44.679 5°E 53 18 13 0 11 印度河三角洲 盖蒂本德尔 23.910 0°N 66.210 0°E 49 0 41 8 1 Alizai等[42] 印度西部塔尔沙漠 焦特布尔 26.200 0°N 73.100 0°E 10 0 62 11 17 Goldberg和Griffin[13] 比卡内尔 28.000 0°N 73.300 0°E 24 0 47 23 7 阿拉伯半岛沙漠 沙特阿拉伯沙漠 − − 40 20 5 0 35 Ganor等[50] 大气尘埃颗粒 − − 16 37 28 0 19 − − 15 34 21 14 17 阿拉伯半岛与印度西部沙漠大气尘埃混合 − − 16 13 44 17 10 Suresh等[5] 注：“−”表示文献未提到数据。
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