Study on the hydrodynamics of undular tidal bore over the uneven seabed
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摘要: 本文采用非静压单相流模型（NHWAVE）研究了波状涌潮在变化地形上的传播演变特性。通过设置合理的计算工况，系统分析了涌潮高度、潮前水深和斜坡坡度对波状涌潮水动力特性的影响。计算结果表明，涌潮高度和潮前水深对波状涌潮在变化地形上的水动力特性影响显著，不同的地形坡度对波状涌潮水动力特性影响较小。变化地形的存在可导致涌潮高度显著增大，引起沿程最大水位的剧烈变化，并且使涌潮传播速度降低。随涌潮高度的逐渐增加，斜坡前后潮差持续增大，同时表层速度与水深平均速度均呈现增大趋势。当增加潮前水深时，斜坡前后潮差减小，表层速度与水深平均速度单调递减。本文研究成果对于正确认识波状涌潮在变化地形上的传播演变规律有一定的参考意义，为波状涌潮河段涉水建筑物的工程设计及安全评估提供了科学依据。Abstract: In this study, hydrodynamic characteristics of transformation and breaking processes of the undular tidal bore on the uneven seabed have been numerically investigated by applying a nonhydrostatic numerical wave model (NHWAVE). Effects of tidal bore height, initial water depth and bed slope on the hydrodynamics of tidal bore are discussed in detail. Research findings indicates that the tidal bore height and initial water depth have significant effects on the transformation and breaking processes of the undular tidal bore on the uneven seabed. However, different bed slope on the undular tidal bore hydrodynamic characteristics of the influence of less. The existence of bed slope can lead to a significant increase in the height of the undular tidal bore, causing dramatic changes in the maximum water level along the range, and make the tidal bore propagation speed is reduced. The average speed of water depth tends to increase with the tidal bore height, as well as the height difference between the upstream and downstream tidal bore height. When increasing the water depth, the tidal difference between the upstream and downstream tidal bore height decreases, and the surface velocity decreases monotonically with the average velocity of water depth. The research findings drawn from this study can have certain reference significances for the accurate understanding of the hydrodynamics of tidal bore on the uneven seabed. It provides a scientific basis for the engineering design and safety assessment of wading buildings in the tidal river section.
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Key words:
- undular tidal bore /
- uneven seabed /
- nonhydrostatic wave model /
- numerical simulation
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图 2 不同测点下波面高程空间对比
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of water elevations recorded at different wave gauges
图 4 不同测点下波面高程空间对比
Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of water elevations recorded at different wave gauges
图 6 不同时间情况下水体的速度云图
Fig. 6 Snapshots of the velocity contour of water body at different time instances
图 7 不同测点处的水面时程曲线
Fig. 7 Time series of the water surface elevation at different wave gauges
图 8 不同测点表层速度的时间分布
Fig. 8 Time series of the water surface velocity at different wave gauges
图 11 涌潮传播过程中流速分布
Fig. 11 Velocity distribution in the process of tidal surge propagation
图 12 涌潮传播过程潮速的沿程分布
Fig. 12 Spatial distribution of the tidal velocity in the process of tidal surge propagation
图 13 不同入射潮高下最大涌潮高度的空间分布
Fig. 13 Spatial distributions of the maximum tidal bore height under different incident tidal height
图 14 不同入射潮高下最大水面高程的空间分布
Fig. 14 Spatial distributions of maximum water surface elevation under different incident tidal height
图 15 涌潮传播过程中流速随潮高变化对比
Fig. 15 Comparisons of flow velocity changes with incident tidal height during surge propagation
图 16 不同入射潮高下潮速的空间分布
Fig. 16 Spatial distribution of tidal velocity at different incident tidal height
图 17 不同潮前水深下最大涌潮高度的空间分布
Fig. 17 Spatial distributions of the maximum tidal bore height under different pre-tide water depth
图 18 不同潮前水深下最大水面高程的空间分布
Fig. 18 Spatial distributions of maximum water surface elevation under different pre-tide water depth
图 19 涌潮传播过程中流速随潮前水深变化对比
Fig. 19 Comparisons of flow velocity changes with pre-tide water depth during surge propagation
图 20 不同潮前水深下潮速的空间分布
Fig. 20 Spatial distribution of tidal velocity at different pre-tide water depth
图 21 不同斜坡坡度下最大涌潮高度的空间分布
Fig. 21 Spatial distribution of the maximum tidal bore height under different slope
图 22 不同斜坡坡度下最大水面高程的空间分布
Fig. 22 Spatial distribution of maximum water surface elevation under different slope
图 23 涌潮传播过程中流速随斜坡坡度变化对比
Fig. 23 Comparison of flow velocity changes with slope during surge propagation
表 1 实验工况
Tab. 1 Experimental setups
工况编号 $ {h}_{\mathrm{u}} $/m $ {h}_{\mathrm{d}} $/m $ \theta $/（°） Y1 0.4 0.04 0 Y2 0.4 0.08 0 Y3 0.4 0.16 0 Y4 0.4 0.04 0.02 Y5 0.4 0.08 0.02 Y6 0.4 0.16 0.02 
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表 2 数值模拟工况设置
Tab. 2 Parameter setup of numerical simulation
工况 涌潮高度H/m 潮前水深h0/m 底坡坡度tan β 弗劳德数Fr A1 0.60 2.0 1∶5 1.220 A2 0.40 2.0 1∶5 1.150 A3 0.45 2.0 1∶5 1.167 A4 0.50 2.0 1∶5 1.185 A5 0.55 2.0 1∶5 1.204 B1 0.60 1.9 1∶5 1.234 B2 0.60 2.1 1∶5 1.212 B3 0.60 2.2 1∶5 1.203 B4 0.60 2.3 1∶5 1.194 C1 0.60 2.0 1∶1 1.220 C2 0.60 2.0 1∶3 1.220 C3 0.60 2.0 1∶7 1.220 C4 0.60 2.0 1∶9 1.220
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