基于无人机遥感的潮沟分异与植被及地形关系研究

黄琬淳; 李玉凤; 周诗薇; 周永; 张玥; 李琳; 刘红玉

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023068

基于无人机遥感的潮沟分异与植被及地形关系研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023068

黄琬淳^1,,
李玉凤^1, ,,
周诗薇¹,
周永¹,
张玥¹,
李琳¹,
刘红玉¹

南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41871188, 31971547）；江苏省科技计划项目社会发展–重大科技示范项目（BE2018681）；江苏省自然资源发展专项基金（JSZRHYKJ[2020]03）。

详细信息

作者简介:
黄琬淳（1998-），女，江苏省常州市人，主要从事滨海湿地环境遥感监测研究。E-mail: huangwc98@163.com

通讯作者:
李玉凤，博士，教授，主要从事滨海湿地环境遥感监测研究。Email:pandalee_0826@163.com

中图分类号: TP79
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-01
- 修回日期: 2022-12-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-01

Study on the relationship between tidal creeks divergence, vegetation and topography based on UAV remote sensing

School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 潮沟作为陆海之间的重要物质、能量、信息交换通道，其发育情况将决定潮滩上植被群落生长和演替的方向，同时植被的生长也将影响潮沟的发育和地形的演变。为了研究江苏盐城滨海湿地潮滩植被类型分布和其对潮沟发育的影响，在无人机技术支持下，通过反演潮滩地形高程模型和提取植被信息，对条子泥南部潮滩进行了观测。结果表明：（1）随着互花米草群落的扩张，潮滩原有盐沼植被群落出现了斑块萎缩的现象；（2）随着潮沟向内陆延伸，其沟底逐渐被互花米草占据，互花米草呈现明显的沿潮沟分布；（3）潮沟两侧有沿岸堤出现，互花米草对潮沟及附近滩面的地形有抬升的作用。由此可以看出，潮沟的发育将加速互花米草的入侵，且其入侵可改变潮滩原有地形和植被类型组成。这有利于进一步认识潮沟在潮滩上发育时是如何影响植被种群分布状况，并展现了植被分布对于潮沟发育的反作用，为当地互花米草的治理和无人机技术在其中的运用提供一定参考意见。
- 潮滩植被 /
- 滨海湿地 /
- 无人机 /
- 地形 /
- 潮沟
Abstract: As an important material, energy and information exchange channel between land and sea, the development of the tidal creek would determine the vegetation growth and succession on the tidal flats. The growth of vegetation would also influence the evolution of the tidal creek and the topography. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of tidal flats vegetation types in the Yancheng coastal wetland, Jiangsu Province and their influence on tidal creek development. Through the UAV technology, the inversion of the tidal flats topographic elevation model and the extraction of vegetation information, it observed the tidal flats of southern Tiaozini. The results showed that: (1) with the expansion of the cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) community, the original salt marsh vegetation on the tidal flats appeared to shrink in patches; (2) as the tidal channel extended inland, the bottom of the channel was gradually occupied by cordgrass which showed an obvious distribution along the tidal creeks; (3) there were littoral ridges on both sides of the tidal creek, and cordgrass has the effect to uplift the terrain of the topography of tidal creeks and the tidal flat nearby. The development of tidal creeks would accelerate the invasion of cordgrass, and its invasion can change the original topography and vegetation compositions of the tidal flats. This contributed to the understanding of how tidal creeks affected the distribution of vegetation populations as they developed on the tidal flats. It demonstrated the inverse effect of vegetation distribution on the tidal creek development. The study could provide some reference for the local management of cordgrass and the use of drone technology in it.
- tidal flats vegetation /
- coastal wetlands /
- unmanned aerial vehicle /
- topography /
- tidal creek

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图 1 研究区所在位置

Fig. 1 Location of the study area

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图 2 研究区无人机正射影像

Fig. 2 UAV orthophoto of the study area

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图 3 研究区RTK实测点位置

Fig. 3 Location of RTK sites in the study area

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图 4 DEM模型反演高程与RTK测量结果比较

Fig. 4 Comparison between elevation of DEM model inversion and RTK measurements

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图 5 研究区内主要植被类型

Fig. 5 Main vegetation types in the study area

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图 6 研究区断面选择示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of the study area cross-section selection

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图 7 研究区植被分类

Fig. 7 Vegetation classification of the study area

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图 8 研究区植被覆盖度空间分布

Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in the study area

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图 9 互花米草分布中心线与潮沟位置对比

Fig. 9 The centreline of the spartina alterniflora distribution compared to the location of the tidal ditch

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图 10 研究区DEM模型图

Fig. 10 DEM model map of the study area

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图 11 一级潮沟断面图

Fig. 11 Cross section of primary tidal trench

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图 12 二级潮沟断面图

Fig. 12 Cross section of secondary tidal trench

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图 13 三级潮沟断面图

Fig. 13 Cross section of tertiary tidal trench

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图 14 四级潮沟断面图

Fig. 14 Cross section of four-stage tidal trench

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图 15 五级潮沟断面图

Fig. 15 Cross section of five-stage tidal trench

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图 16 2013−2021年研究区环境变化

a、b、c、d分别为研究区所在位置2013年、2015年、2018年和2021年的卫星影像图，蓝线为潮沟位置示意，可看出植被逐年沿潮沟在研究区内潮滩上扩散且潮沟正逐渐消退

Fig. 16 Environmental changes in the study area between 2013 and 2021

a, b, c and d are satellite images of the location of the study area in 2013, 2015, 2018 and 2021 respectively, the blue line shows the location of the tidal creek; it shows that vegetation is spreading along the tidal creek on the tidal flats in the study area year by year and that the tidal creek is gradually receding

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