Comparison of hydrodynamic performance of two types of wave energy converter-floating breakwater
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摘要: 波能装置−浮式防波堤是将浮式防波堤与波能转换装置集成，兼具防波消浪和捕获波浪能的集成装置，能够有效降低单一功能波能转换装置的成本。研究者们提出了许多波能装置−浮式防波堤的结构型式，其中非对称式浮体结构相比于对称式浮体结构，在单向入射波的水动力性能方面拥有一定的优势。本文针对导桩锚泊的非对称式方箱−三角形挡浪板和方箱−垂直挡浪板两种浮体结构型式，通过数值模拟的方式，对比分析其水动力特性和波能俘获特性。数值模型基于黏性流体理论，以Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程，并采用VOF方法和浸没边界法求解自由面边界和流固耦合作用，探究不同入射波周期、水深和浮体排水条件下集成装置水动力性能（消波特性、能量耗散特性和波能俘获特性）变化趋势。结果表明，在近岸波浪条件下（5～8 s），垂直挡板型式集成装置适用于较小周期波浪（5～6 s），而三角挡板型式集成装置适用于较大周期波浪（6～7.5 s）。随着水深增大，波能俘获比总体上呈现缓慢增长的趋势。在主浮体吃水相同的情况下（排水量不同），两种结构的透射系数基本一致；而在排水量相同（主浮体吃水不同）的情况下，垂直挡板结构型式的防波效果更好，三角挡板结构型式波能俘获性能要优于垂直挡板结构型式。
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关键词:
- 波能装置−浮式防波堤 /
- 结构型式 /
- 水动力性能 /
- 波能俘获 /
- 消波性能
Abstract: The wave energy converter-type floating breakwater is an integrated device of floating breakwater and wave energy converter, with both functions of wave protection and wave energy capture. The integration can effectively reduce the cost of wave energy converter with one single function. Researchers have proposed a variety of structural types of this integrated device. Among them, the asymmetric type has some advantages in hydrodynamic performance compared with the symmetric type under one single direction wave. In this study, two structural types of a square box-triangle baffle and a square box-vertical baffle are chosen to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave energy capture characteristics by numerical models. Based on the viscous fluid theory, the numerical model takes the Navier-Stokes equation as the control equation, and uses VOF method and immersion boundary method to solve the free surface boundary and fluid-structure interaction. The variation trend of hydrodynamic performances (transmission coefficient, energy dissipation and energy capture ratio) of the integrated device under different conditions of incident wave period, water depth and displacement volume are explored. The results show that, for the near shore waves, the vertical baffle type integrated device is suitable for the smaller period waves of 5−6 s, while the triangular baffle type integrated device is suitable for the bigger period waves of 6−8 s. As the water depth increases, the wave energy capture ratio generally shows a slow growth trend. In the case of the same draft of the main floating body (different displacement volume), the transmission coefficients of the two structures are basically the same. In the case of the same displacement volume (different draft of the main floating body), the vertical baffle structure has better wave-proof effect, and the wave energy capture performance of the triangular baffle structure is better than that of the vertical baffle structure. -
图 1 三角挡板结构和垂直挡板结构型式的浮子示意图
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of floaters with a triangular baffle or vertical baffle
图 3 不同排水体积和主浮体吃水示意图
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of floaters with different displacement volume and box draft
图 5 数值造波波面与理论值波面对比
Fig. 5 Comparison of wave surface between numerical and theoretical results
图 6 方箱数值与实验透射系数对比
Fig. 6 Comparison of transmission coefficients between numerical and experimental results for a square box
图 7 不同网格参数计算结果对比
Fig. 7 Comparisons of calculation results with different mesh parameters
图 8 三角挡板（a）和垂直挡板（b）结构型式的波能俘获比ηe在不同周期下随PTO阻尼系数BPTO的变化
Fig. 8 The variation of wave energy capture ratio ηe with PTO damping coefficient BPTO in different wave periods for triangular baffle type (a) and vertical baffle type (b)
图 9 垂直挡板与三角挡板结构水动力性能随周期的变化
Fig. 9 The variation of hydrodynamic performance with wave periods for vertical baffle and triangular baffle type
图 10 不同周期下三角挡板结构和垂直挡板结构的垂荡历时
Fig. 10 Time history of heave motion of triangular baffle and vertical baffle floater in different wave periods
图 11 周期T=1.4 s时不同水深下三角挡板结构（a）和垂直挡板结构（b）装置的垂荡历时
Fig. 11 Time history of heave motion of triangular baffle type (a) and vertical baffle type (b) in different water depth at T = 1.4 s
图 12 周期T = 1.4 s时三角挡板与垂直挡板集成装置水动力性能随水深的变化
Fig. 12 The variation of hydrodynamic performance with water depth for vertical baffle and triangular baffle type (T = 1.40 s)
图 13 排水量不同的垂直挡板与三角挡板集成装置水动力性能随周期的变化
Fig. 13 The variation of hydrodynamic performance with wave periods for vertical baffle and triangular baffle type in different displacement volume
表 1 水深波浪周期和PTO阻尼系数工况参数表
Tab. 1 Table of condition parameter for water depth，wave period and PTO damping coefficient
结构型式 水深/m 波浪周期/s PTO阻尼系数/(kg·s−1) 三角挡板、垂直挡板 1.5 1.20 60，100，150，200，250 1.5 1.40 60，100，150，200，250 1.5 1.58 60，100，150，200，250 1.5 1.79 60，100，150，200，250 三角挡板 1.50，1.75，2.00，2.25，2.50 1.40 150 垂直挡板 1.50，1.75，2.00，2.25，2.50 1.40 200 
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表 2 主浮体吃水和排水量工况参数表
Tab. 2 Table of condition parameters for box draft and displacement volume
结构型式 主浮体吃水/m 排水量/m3 垂直挡板 0.15 0.0565 三角挡板 0.15 0.0978 垂直挡板 0.36 0.0978
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表 3 网格参数设置
Tab. 3 Mesh parameter setting
算例 网格数 Δx/cm Δy/cm Test 1 458×170 2 1 Test 2 458×246 2 0.5 Test 3 554×246 0.8 0.5 Test 4 554×514 0.8 0.2 Test 5 718×514 0.4 0.2 Test 6 718×1 033 0.4 0.1 Test 7 958×1 033 0.2 0.1
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表 4 两种结构型式在不同波浪周期下的最优PTO阻尼系数（BOPTO）
Tab. 4 Optimal PTO damping coefficient BOPTO of two structures in different wave periods
结构型式 入射波周期/s BOPTO/(kg·s−1) 三角挡板 1.20 150 1.40 100 1.58 150 1.79 200～250 垂直挡板 1.20 150 1.40 150 1.58 200 1.79 250
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