北部湾首次记录到的大规模夜光藻赤潮期间浮游植物与细菌群落分析

黎慧玲; 徐轶肖; 吴淼; 蓝文陆; 谢欢达; 黄鹄

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023064

北部湾首次记录到的大规模夜光藻赤潮期间浮游植物与细菌群落分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023064

黎慧玲^{1, 2,},
徐轶肖^{1, 2, ,},
吴淼^{1, 2},
蓝文陆³,
谢欢达^{1, 2},
黄鹄⁴

1.
南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室，广西南宁 530001
2.
南宁师范大学广西北部湾智慧海洋牧场工程研究中心，广西南宁 530001
3.
广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站，广西北海 536000
4.
北部湾大学广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室，广西钦州 535011

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41976155）；广西自然科学基金项目（2020GXNSFDA297001）；北部湾大学海洋科学广西一流学科（DRA003）；北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室研究生创新基金项目（NNNU-KLGIP-Z2201）。

详细信息

作者简介:
黎慧玲（1997-），女，广西壮族自治区阳朔县人，研究方向为区域环境演变与风险评价。E-mail: 1174558015@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐轶肖，女，研究员，主要从事海洋有毒有害微藻与海产品安全研究。E-mail: xuyixiao_77@163.com

中图分类号: P735；Q178.53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-06
- 修回日期: 2022-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-19
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-01

Analysis of phytoplankton and bacterial community during the first recorded massive Noctiluca scintillans bloom in the Beibu Gulf, China

Li Huiling^{1, 2
,},
Xu Yixiao^{1, 2
, ,},
Wu Miao^{1, 2},
Lan Wenlu³,
Xie Huanda^{1, 2},
Huang Hu⁴

1.
Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
2.
Guangxi Beibu Gulf Intelligent Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
3.
Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, China
4.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

摘要

摘要: 北部湾位于南海西北部，最近30年赤潮暴发频率、持续时间和范围正经历显著增长。为了了解北部湾大规模夜光藻赤潮期间的浮游植物和细菌群落特征，于2021年2月21日在涠洲岛西部首次大规模夜光藻暴发海域采集海水样品，对环境因子、浮游植物和细菌群落进行了研究。结果表明：该海域水质符合一类海水水质标准，主要为绝对P限制状态，结合近年来其他研究指出的非赤潮期间，涠洲岛邻近及北部湾中部海域为贫营养及主要为P限制，可推断本次夜光藻赤潮属于一次非富营养化下发生的赤潮。海水中共鉴定出浮游植物2门5属5种，其中夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）为绝对优势种，其细胞密度为2.00×10³～3.75×10³ cells/L。结合现场水色，可确定本次赤潮生物为红色异养型夜光藻。系统发育和遗传距离分析则表明本次赤潮原因种属于我国沿海常见的夜光藻株系。对海水样品细菌16S rRNA基因 V3−V4区高通量测序发现海水细菌群落操作分类单元（OTU）数量为294～414，以α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）和γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）为优势菌群；细菌群落结构受COD、DO、DIN、${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-}$−P、N/P多种环境因子的影响，其中COD为主要影响因子。研究结果可为明确北部湾大规模夜光藻赤潮期间的环境特征、微生物组成及海洋生态保护提供科学依据。
- 夜光藻赤潮 /
- 浮游植物 /
- 细菌群落 /
- 环境因子 /
- 北部湾
Abstract: Beibu Gulf is located in the northwestern part of the South China Sea and is experiencing a significant increase in the frequency, duration and extent of harmful algal blooms (HABs) outbreaks in the last 30 years. To characterize phytoplankton and bacterial communities during the massive Noctiluca scintillans bloom in the Beibu Gulf, seawater samples were collected from the area of a massive N. scintillans outbreak west from Weizhou Island on February 21, 2021, and environmental factors, along with phytoplankton and bacterial communities were analyzed. The results showed that the sea water quality of this area met the standards of Chinese Class I seawater quality, mainly in the absolute phosphate limit state. In recent years, other studies reported low nutrient content and limited phosphorus in waters adjacent to Weizhou Island and in the central part of Beibu Gulf during the non-harmful algal bloom (HAB) period. Therefore, N. scintillans bloom investigated in this study belonged to a non-eutrophication HAB event. Two phyla, five genera, and five species of phytoplankton were identified in seawater, among which N. scintillans was the absolute dominant species, with a cell density of 2.00×10³–3.75×10³ cells/L. The red discoloration of the sea water was caused by the red heterotrophic N. scintillans. Both phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses demonstrated that the causative N. scintillans in the Beibu Gulf was similar to N. scintillans along the coast of China. High-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene in seawater samples revealed that the number of OTUs (operational taxonomic units) in bacterial community ranged from 294 to 414, with Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant groups. The bacterial community structure was affected by various environmental factors, including COD, DO, DIN, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P, and N/P, among which COD was predominant. This research provides new insights into the environmental characteristics and microbial composition of sea water during a massive N. scintillans bloom and will aid bloom management in the Beibu Gulf.
- Noctiluca scintillans bloom /
- phytoplankton /
- bacterial community /
- environmental factors /
- Beibu Gulf

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图 1 采样站位

Fig. 1 The location of sampling stations

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图 2 涠洲岛西部海域夜光藻赤潮现场图

Fig. 2 The Noctiluca scintillans bloom in the western waters of Weizhou Island

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图 3 应用最大似然法构建的夜光藻ITS序列系统发育树

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree of Noctiluca scintillans using maximum likelihood method based on ITS sequence

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图 4 海水样品OTU花瓣图（a）和稀释曲线（b）

Fig. 4 Petals figure （a） and dilution curves （b） of OTUs for seawater samples

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图 5 门（a）、纲（b）水平上的细菌群落相对丰度

Fig. 5 Relative abundance of bacteria community at the phylum （a） and class （b） level

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图 6 基于Weighted Unifrac距离矩阵的UPGMA聚类树

Fig. 6 UPGMA clustering tree based on Weighted Unifrac distance matrix

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图 7 环境因子与Alpha多样性指数（a）、门水平细菌群落（b）之间的Spearman相关性

Fig. 7 Spearman correlation between environmental factors and Alpha diversity index （a） and phylum level bacterial community （b）

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图 8 门水平CCA分析图（a）和VPA结果图（b）

Fig. 8 CCA analysis at phylum level （a） and VPA analysis （b）

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图 9 S1−S6站细菌群落子功能丰度热图

Fig. 9 Heat map of bacterial community subfunctional abundance at stations S1−S6

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表 1 北部湾大规模夜光藻赤潮期间涠洲岛西部海域环境因子

Tab. 1 Environmental factors in the western part of Weizhou Island during the the massive Noctiluca scintillans bloom in the Beibu Gulf

监测站位	pH	盐度	COD/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	DO浓度/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	DIN浓度/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	${{\rm {PO}}_4^{3-}} $-P浓度/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	Chl a浓度/ （μg∙L⁻¹）	TN浓度/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	TP浓度/ （mg∙L⁻¹）	富营养化指数	N/P
S1	8.21	31.1	0.72	8.04	0.125	0.007	<0.5	0.398	0.014	0.140	39.5
S2	8.24	31.2	0.69	8.10	0.064	0.003	<0.5	0.376	0.014	0.029	47.2
S3	8.23	31.1	0.67	8.19	0.039	0.002	1.1	0.327	0.019	0.012	43.2
S4	8.24	31.3	0.60	8.27	0.036	0.002	0.8	0.293	0.016	0.010	39.9
S5	8.21	31.3	0.44	7.84	0.046	0.002	1.7	0.222	0.009	0.009	50.9
S6	8.20	31.2	0.33	7.70	0.057	0.003	<0.5	0.243	0.009	0.013	42.1
均值	8.22	31.20	0.58	8.02	0.06	0.003	0.7	0.310	0.014	0.036	44.3
注：“<”表示数据未检出，其后数据为检出限；<0.5的样品均值以0.25计算。

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表 2 浮游植物组成及密度

Tab. 2 Phytoplankton compositon and density

优势种	细胞密度/（cells∙L⁻¹）
优势种	S1站位	S3站位
夜光藻 Noctiluca scintillans	2.00×10³	3.75×10³
钟扁甲藻Pyrophacus horologicum	0	4.17×10²
叉角藻 Ceratium furca	4.76×10²	0
异角盒形藻 Biddulphia heteroceros	4.76×10²	0
菱形海线藻 Thalassionema nitzschioides	0	8.33×10²
合计	2.95×10³	5.00×10³

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表 3 各站位OTUs数量和Alpha多样性指数

Tab. 3 OTUs number and Alpha diversity related indices at stations S1−S6

站位	有效序列	OTU	Shannon	Simpson	Chao 1	ACE	Coverage/%	PD
S1	121 338	294	4.008	0.867	310.081	318.118	100.00	26.544
S2	129 860	329	4.136	0.856	319.895	324.875	100.00	28.339
S3	132 140	322	4.028	0.846	318.000	317.332	100.00	37.902
S4	129 906	379	4.498	0.883	367.882	373.329	100.00	45.817
S5	135 346	378	4.829	0.915	380.750	385.921	100.00	43.080
S6	133 870	414	4.588	0.881	417.000	415.785	100.00	45.073
均值	130 410	353	4.348	0.875	352.268	355.893	100.00	37.793

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