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可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究

薛庆仁 梁书秀 许媛媛 孙昭晨

薛庆仁,梁书秀,许媛媛,等. 可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(4):46–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
引用本文: 薛庆仁,梁书秀,许媛媛,等. 可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究[J]. 海洋学报,2023,45(4):46–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
Xue Qingren,Liang Shuxiu,Xu Yuanyuan, et al. Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(4):46–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
Citation: Xue Qingren,Liang Shuxiu,Xu Yuanyuan, et al. Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves[J]. Haiyang Xuebao,2023, 45(4):46–56 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063

可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51779038);国家重点研发计划—辽东湾污染防治与生态环境修复关键技术研究(2019YFC1407700)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    薛庆仁(1993-),男,辽宁省庄河市人,博士生,主要从事海洋环境动力学研究。E-mail: xqrxqr@foxmail.com

    通讯作者:

    梁书秀,女,教授,主要从事近海环境关键过程以及影响因素的模拟和实测研究。E-mail: sxliang@dlut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P731.22;TV139.2+5

Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves

  • 摘要: 实验室一般采用波浪聚焦方法生成深水破碎波,通过各组分波浪的波幅叠加生成一个波高显著增大的大波,使其波陡超过极限波陡发生破碎。利用该方法生成深水破碎波浪的破碎次数通常并不唯一,导致波浪破碎后的流场特征不明显;造波参数不易于选取导致研究工况的设置难度大,直接影响深水破碎精细化实验的效果和效率。本文采用聚焦波理论计算波面,并利用上跨零点法定义的波高和波长计算理论波陡,结合物理模型实验统计波浪沿程破碎次数与剧烈程度,研究以JONSWAP谱为造波输入谱型时,聚焦波幅、谱峰频率、频宽等造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况的影响,从而建立深水波浪破碎次数与造波输入参数之间的近似定量关系,为实验造波参数的选取提供参考,提高实验效率。
  • 图  1  工况Li_01理论波面时空分布

    Fig.  1  Spatial and temporal distribution of theoretical wave surface of case Li_01

    图  2  工况Li_01理论波陡时空分布

    Fig.  2  Spatial and temporal distribution of theoretical wave steepness of case Li_01

    图  3  实验水槽及浪高仪布置示意图

    Fig.  3  The diagram of water tank and arrangement of wave gauges

    图  4  工况Li_01实测波面与理论计算波面对比

    Fig.  4  Comparison of wave surface between measurement and theory of case Li_01

    图  5  工况Li_01实测波谱与理论波谱对比

    Fig.  5  Comparison of wave spectrum between measurement and theory of case Li_01

    图  6  工况Li_01、Li_04、Li_07和Li_10波浪沿程理论最大波陡

    Fig.  6  Theoretical maximum wave steepness along the tank of case Li_01, Li_04, Li_07 and Li_10

    图  7  无量纲化聚焦波幅Ak对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响

    Fig.  7  The effect of the dimensionless focusing-wave-amplitiude Ak on the theoretical maximum wave steepness

    图  8  谱峰频率$ {f_p} $对系数$ \alpha $的影响

    Fig.  8  The effect of spectrum peak frequency $ {f_p} $ on coefficient $ \alpha $

    图  9  波浪沿程理论最大波陡对破碎次数的影响

    Fig.  9  The effect of maximum wave steepness in theory on the wave breaking times along the tank

    图  10  工况Li_11、Li_13、Li_15、Li_17和Li_19波浪沿程理论最大波陡

    Fig.  10  Theoretical maximum wave steepness along the tank of case Li_11, Li_13, Li_15, Li_17 and Li_19

    图  11  谱峰频率fp引起的fpf变化对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响

    Fig.  11  The effect of fpf change induced by the spectrum peak frequency fp on the maximum wave steepness in theory

    图  12  谱峰频率fp引起的Smax变化对波浪全程破碎次数的影响

    Fig.  12  The effect of Smax change induced by the spectrum peak frequency fp on the wave breaking times along the tank

    图  13  频宽∆f引起的fp/∆f变化对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响

    Fig.  13  The effect of fp/∆f change induced by the frequency bandwidth ∆f on the maximum wave steepness in theory

    图  14  频宽$ \Delta f $引起的$ f_p/\Delta f $变化对波浪全程破碎次数的影响

    Fig.  14  The effect of $f_p/\Delta f $ change induced by the frequency bandwidth $ \Delta f $ on the wave breaking times along the tank

    图  15  波浪仅发生一次破碎时,聚焦波幅A实测值与计算值对比

    Fig.  15  Comparison of focusing wave amplitude A between measurement and theory under the condition of single break

    图  16  利用计算造波参数作参考值生成的仅一次破碎波浪入水过程(卷破)

    Fig.  16  The process of single break entrying into water with input calculated parameters (plunging)

    表  1  实验工况设置

    Tab.  1  Experiment cases setting

    工况聚焦波幅A/m峰频fp/Hz最小截止频率
    F1/Hz
    最大截止频率
    FN/Hz
    聚焦位置xb/m聚焦时间tb/s
    Li_01−Li_100.08,
    0.10~0.13, △=0.01 m,
    0.15,
    0.17~0.20, △=0.01 m
    0.910.601.802050
    Li_11−Li_280.120.70~0.90, △=0.05 Hz,
    0.95~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
    1.40~1.70, △=0.1 Hz
    0.601.802050
    Li_29−Li_350.120.910.50~0.55, △=0.05 Hz
    0.65~0.85, △=0.05 Hz
    1.802050
    Li_36−Li_500.120.910.601.00~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
    1.40~2.00, △=0.1 Hz
    2050
    注:“△”表示对应参数取值步长。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  浪高仪编号与位置

    Tab.  2  Wave gauges number and locations

    浪高仪编号L1L2L3L4L5L6L7L8L9
    安装位置/m8.914.51718.52021.5233032.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  各实验工况实际破碎次数统计

    Tab.  3  Actual breaking times statistics of each case

    工况合计参数变化参数值工况合计参数变化参数值
    Li_011102聚焦波幅A递增(m)0.08Li_26沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计峰频fp递增(Hz)1.50
    Li_0210120.10Li_271.60
    Li_0310120.11Li_281.70
    Li_0411130.12Li_291113最小截止频率 F1递增(Hz)0.50
    Li_0511130.13Li_3011130.55
    Li_0631040.15Li_0411130.60
    Li_0741490.17Li_3111130.65
    Li_0841270.18Li_3211130.70
    Li_0951280.19Li_3321140.75
    Li_1051~2410~110.20Li_3431040.80
    Li_110112峰频fp递增(Hz)0.70Li_3541050.85
    Li_1201120.75Li_363126最大截止频率FN递增(Hz)1.00
    Li_1301010.80Li_37402~36~71.05
    Li_1411020.85Li_38514~510~111.10
    Li_151~2102~30.90Li_39505~610~111.15
    Li_0411130.91Li_40505101.20
    Li_1621030.95Li_4150491.25
    Li_1741051.00Li_4240481.30
    Li_1861181.05Li_4341381.35
    Li_1960391.10Li_4441161.40
    Li_2062>6>141.15Li_4531151.50
    Li_21>72>5~6>151.20Li_4621141.60
    Li_22>91>5>151.25Li_4711131.70
    Li_23>101>5>161.30Li_0411131.80
    Li_24>111>9>211.35Li_4911131.90
    Li_25沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计1.40Li_5011022.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-12-01
  • 修回日期:  2022-11-09
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-04-06
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-31

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