基于遥感增强嵌套模型红树林带水沙环境对码头建设的响应研究

唐榆森; 涂新军; 马克; 李玫

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023059

基于遥感增强嵌套模型红树林带水沙环境对码头建设的响应研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023059

唐榆森^{1, 2,},
涂新军^{1, 3, 4, ,},
马克¹,
李玫⁵

1.
中山大学土木工程学院水资源与环境研究中心，广东广州 510275
2.
珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院，广东广州 510611
3.
广东省华南地区水安全调控工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510275
4.
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室，广东珠海 519000
5.
中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广东广州 510520

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51879288）；广东省水利科技创新项目（2020-27）。

详细信息

作者简介:
唐榆森（1997-），男，广西壮族自治区梧州市人，主要从事水文水资源方面研究。E-mail：tangys5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
涂新军（1972-），男，江西省余干市人，教授，博士，主要从事水文水资源方面研究。E-mail：eestxj@mail.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P751；TV92
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-21
- 修回日期: 2022-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-30

Study on the response of hydrodynamic force and sedimentation in mangrove zone to wharf construction by a coupled model based on remote sensing enhancement

Tang Yusen^{1, 2
,},
Tu Xinjun^{1, 3, 4
, ,},
Ma Ke¹,
Li Mei⁵

1.
Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2.
Pearl River Water Resource Research Institute, Guangzhou 510611, China
3.
Center of Water Security Engineering and Technology in Southern China of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510275, China
4.
Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China
5.
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

摘要

摘要: 南海北部湾铁山港码头建设期间，邻近区域红树林带植株出现受损死亡现象。本研究构建基于遥感增强包含红树林潮间带的海湾水沙嵌套模型，评估码头建设对红树林带潮流、泥沙输移及冲淤的影响。结果表明：海湾水沙嵌套模型可充分利用南海海流模拟信息，且精细化模拟了工程建设附近海域泥沙输移规律。采用全球地表水覆盖几率遥感反演数据与当地潮位的信息融合技术，为红树林带水沙模拟提供了可靠地形信息。码头建设主要影响红树林带南部潮流，涨急时流速减小，落急时部分潮沟通道流速增大。当进港方案更改为过水钢栈桥，红树林带东南部流速略有增加。码头施工期，红树林带69%～72%范围的悬浮泥沙浓度增量介于20～50 mg/L之间。码头建设前，红树林带泥沙平均冲淤量为0.27 cm/a；进港方案分别为不过水通道和过水钢栈桥，码头建设后红树林带淤积量增加的面积占比分别为96.6%和89.3%，平均冲淤量分别为0.45 cm/a和0.36 cm/a。过水钢栈桥替换不过水通道，红树林带冲淤增量下降了50.0%。研究结论可为潮间带水沙环境模拟和红树林带保护决策提供科学依据。
- 嵌套模型 /
- 遥感增强 /
- 红树林 /
- 悬浮泥沙 /
- 冲淤 /
- 铁山港
Abstract: When the wharf project of Tieshan Port in Beibu Gulf was constructed, nearby mangrove plants were damaged. A coupled model of hydrodynamic force and sedimentation in the gulf including mangrove intertidal zone based on remote sensing enhancement was built. Impacts of the wharf on the tide, sediment transport, erosion and deposition in the mangrove zone were evaluated. Results showed that the model can make full use of the tidal simulation information in the South China Sea and can finely simulate the sediment transport principle nearby the wharf. In association with information fusion technology of remote sensing inversion of the cover probability of global surface water and local tidal levels, elevation data in mangrove zone were reliably obtained. The tides mainly in the southern of the mangrove zone were influenced by the wharf. The velocity decreased at the most rising tide, and that in the tidal channel increased at the most ebb tide. When the way to the wharf was transferred using a steel trestle, the velocity in the southeast of the mangrove zone increased slightly. During the construction period of the wharf, the increase of suspended sediment concentration varied from 20 mg/L to 50 mg/L in the range of 69% and 72% of the mangrove zone. Before the wharf construction, the average sediment deposition in the mangrove zone accounted for 0.27 cm/a. For two designed ways to the wharf, i.e. the road isolating tide and the steel trestle allowing tide passing, the average deposition accounted for 0.45 cm/a and 0.36 cm/a with the range of 96.6% and 89.3% in the mangrove zone respectively. Provided that the steel trestle to the wharf would be selected, the average increment of the deposition in the mangrove zone decreased by 50%. The conclusions can provide the scientific basis for the simulation of tide and sedimentation in intertidal zone and the decision of the mangrove protection.
- coupled model /
- remote sensing enhancement /
- mangrove /
- suspended sediment /
- erosion and deposition /
- Tieshan Port

HTML全文

图 1 北部湾铁山港码头位置及邻近红树林带受损状况

Fig. 1 Location of Tieshan Port, Beibu Gulf and damage of adjacent mangrove zone

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图 2 潮间带水体覆盖几率（a）及构建的地形高程（b）

Fig. 2 Probabilities of water coverage (a) and established elevations in the intertidal zone (b)

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图 3 验证区域潮位−累积面积曲线（a）和基于Landsat（b）、TPXO模型预报（c）的潮位验证

Fig. 3 Curve of tidal level-water coverage area (a), verifications of tidal level based on the Landsat (b) and predicted tidal level based on the TPXO (c) in the intertidal zone

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图 4 海湾水沙嵌套模型三角网格概化及验证站

Fig. 4 Triangular mesh generalization and verification station for the hydrodynamic-sediment transport nested models

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图 5 潮位验证

Fig. 5 Verification of tidal level

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图 6 潮流流速、流向和悬浮泥沙浓度验证

Fig. 6 Verification of tidal velocity, tidal direction and suspended sediment concentration

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图 7 码头建设对红树林带涨落急流速的影响

Fig. 7 Impact of the velocity at the most ebb and flow tide in mangrove zone from the wharf construction

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图 8 施工期红树林带悬浮泥沙浓度增量

Fig. 8 Increment of SSC in mangrove zone during the construction period

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图 9 红树林带及邻近海域的冲淤变化

Fig. 9 Change of erosion and deposition in mangrove zone

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图 10 红树林带年冲淤量空间统计分布

累积面积比例对应的最大冲淤量（a）和平均冲淤量（b）

Fig. 10 Spatial statistic distribution of the volume of erosion and deposition in mangrove zone

The maximum (a) and the average (b) for cumulative area percentage

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图 11 码头建设对红树林带冲淤的影响

Fig. 11 Impact of erosion and deposition in mangrove zone from the wharf construction

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图 12 码头建设后红树林带年冲淤增量空间统计分布

累积面积比例对应的最大冲淤增量（a）和平均冲淤增量（b）

Fig. 12 Spatial statistic distribution of the increment of erosion and deposition in mangrove zone after the wharf construction

The maximum (a) and the average (b) increases for cumulative area percentage

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表 1 工程设计方案模拟情景

Tab. 1 Simulation scenarios of engineering design schemes

情景	工程方案
一	工程建设前，原有不过水便道延伸至拟建码头处
二	施工期（停工时建设规模），进港方案为不过水通道
三	施工期（停工时建设规模），进港方案为过水钢栈桥
四	工程建成后，进港方案为不过水通道
五	工程建成后，进港方案为过水钢栈桥

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表 2 红树林带悬浮泥沙增量的浓度区间分布

Tab. 2 Distribution of the range for individual concentration of suspended sediment in mangrove zone

情景	10～20 mg/L		20～50 mg/L		50～100 mg/L		100～150 mg/L
情景	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
二	0.484	16.8	2.069	71.9	0.324	11.3	0	0
三	0.518	18.0	1.991	69.2	0.366	12.7	0.002	0.1

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