中街山列岛海域食物网结构初步研究及主要消费者潜在碳源分析

杨凡; 印瑞; 范江涛; 蒋日进; 肖祎; 王静; 徐汉祥; 刘明智

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023056

中街山列岛海域食物网结构初步研究及主要消费者潜在碳源分析

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023056

杨凡^{1, 2,},
印瑞²,
范江涛³,
蒋日进^2, ,,
肖祎^{1, 2},
王静^{1, 2},
徐汉祥^{1, 2},
刘明智^{1, 2}

1.
浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所，浙江舟山 316021
2.
浙江省海洋水产研究所农业农村部重点渔场渔业资源科学观测实验站浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室，浙江舟山 316021
3.
中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所，广东广州 510300

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0900904，2019YFD0901204）；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所自选课题（2021HZ064）。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨凡（1997-），女，山东省济宁市人，主要研究方向为渔业资源生态学。E-mail: aisuk_yangfan@163.com

通讯作者:
蒋日进（1977-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为渔业资源生态学。E-mail: jiangridge@163.com

中图分类号: P714⁺.4；P148
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-09
- 修回日期: 2022-11-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-09

Preliminary study on the food web and potential carbon sources of main consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area in Zhoushan, Zhejiang

Yang Fan^{1, 2
,},
Yin Rui²,
Fan Jiangtao³,
Jiang Rijin^{2
, ,},
Xiao Yi^{1, 2},
Wang Jing^{1, 2},
Xu Hanxiang^{1, 2},
Liu Mingzhi^{1, 2}

1.
Marine and Fishery Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
3.
South China Sea Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解中街山列岛的食物网结构特征，本研究于2020年7月在中街山列岛海域采集鱼类、虾蟹类、头足类、贝螺类和浮游动物等消费者样本，利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术，分析大型海藻、浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物（POM）和沉积物有机物（SOM）4种潜在碳源对消费者的贡献率以及中街山列岛海域的食物网结构和营养关系。结果表明：（1）碳源的δ¹³C值范围在−22.93‰～−9.73‰之间，δ¹⁵N值范围在1.72‰～7.68‰之间，消费者的δ¹³C值范围在−21.95‰～−12.55‰之间，δ¹⁵N值范围在4.13‰～12.92‰之间，不同碳源及不同消费者类群之间的碳、氮稳定同位素均有显著性差异（p<0.01）；（2）应用SIBER模型计算中街山列岛海域的营养结构指标，与其他海域的研究结果对比发现，该海域生态系统的食源多样性更加丰富，营养级长度和生态位总空间较高；（3）应用SIAR模型计算碳源贡献率，结果表明浮游植物和POM是该海域的重要碳源，平均贡献率为29.63%和28.72%；浮游植物对浮游动物的贡献率最大为80.58%，POM对鱼类的贡献率最大为79.74%；SOM对虾蟹类的贡献率最大为49.94%；大型海藻对消费者的碳源贡献率最低，平均为18.37%；（4）以浮游动物为基线生物计算得知主要消费者的平均营养级在1.58～3.63之间，营养层次为3级，各种类平均营养级由大到小依次为头足类（3.09）、鱼类（3.00）、虾蟹类（2.70）、贝螺类（1.82），中街山列岛海域消费者以低、中级肉食性动物为主，杂食性和高级肉食性动物较少。本研究初步探明了中街山列岛生态系统食物网，为了解该生态系统营养结构奠定了基础，也为今后进一步研究该海域的生态营养动力学提供理论参考。
- 中街山列岛 /
- 食物网 /
- 潜在碳源 /
- 营养级
Abstract: In order to understand the characteristics of food web structure in Zhongjieshan Islands, consumer samples of fish, shrimp and crabs, cephalopods, shellfish and zooplankton were collected from Zhongjieshan Islands in July 2020. Based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques, the contributions of the four potential carbon sources (macroalgae, phytoplankton, suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and substrate organic matter (SOM)) to consumers, as well as the food web structure and nutritional relationship of the Zhongjieshan Islands were analyzed. The results revealed that the δ¹³C values of carbon sources ranged from −22.93‰ to −9.73‰, and the δ¹⁵N values ranged from 1.72‰ to 7.68‰. The δ¹³C values of consumers ranged from −21.95‰ to −12.55‰, and the δ¹⁵N values of consumers ranged from 4.13‰ to 12.92‰. One-way analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes among different carbon sources and different groups of consumers (p<0.01). SIBER model was used to analyze the trophic structure indexes of the regional ecosystem of Zhongjieshan Islands. Compared with the research results of other sea areas, it was found that the level of food source diversity (CR), trophic level length (NR) and total niche area (TA) were relatively high. SIAR model was used to calculate the carbon source contribution rate. The results showed that phytoplankton and POM were important carbon sources, with an average contribution rate of 29.63% and 28.72%. The maximum contribution rate of phytoplankton to zooplankton was 80.58%, and the maximum contribution rate of POM to fish was 79.74%; the maximum contribution rate of SOM to shrimp and crab was 49.94%; the carbon source contribution of macroalgae to consumers was the lowest, with an average of 18.37%. The mean trophic level range of the main consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands was 1.58 to 3.63, and the trophic level was 3. The average trophic level from big to small was as follows of cephalopods (3.09), fish (3.00), shrimps and crabs (2.70), shellfish (1.82). The consumers in the waters of Zhongjieshan Islands were mainly low and intermediate carnivores, and there were few omnivores and high carnivores. This study initially constructed the ecosystem food web of Zhongjieshan Islands, which provided reference data for understanding the trophic structure in this area, and also provided theoretical information for further study of the ecosystem.
- Zhongjieshan Islands /
- food web /
- potential carbon sources /
- trophic level

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图 1 中街山列岛海域采样站位

Fig. 1 Sampling stations in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area

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图 2 中街山列岛海域主要消费者和潜在碳源的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N值双位图

Fig. 2 Stable isotope biplots of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of major consumers and the potential carbon sources in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area

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图 3 潜在碳源对主要消费类群的贡献率

Fig. 3 Contribution of potential carbon sources to major consumer groups

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图 4 中街山列岛海域主要消费者连续营养谱

Fig. 4 Continuous nutritional profile of major consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area

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图 5 潜在碳源对不同营养级鱼类和虾蟹类的贡献率

Fig. 5 Contribution of potential carbon sources to different trophic levels of fishes and shrimps and crabs

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表 1 潜在碳源的δ¹³C值和δ¹⁵N值

Tab. 1 Values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N for the potential carbon sources

分类	数量	（δ¹³C平均值±标准差）/‰	δ¹³C范围/‰	（δ¹⁵N平均值±标准差）/‰	δ¹⁵N范围/‰
大型海藻	30	−16.65±2.33	−20.00～−9.73	4.84±1.37	2.51～7.68
浮游植物	5	−20.59±1.72	−22.93～−18.72	3.08±1.03	1.72～4.35
颗粒有机物（POM）	6	−19.12±1.13	−20.89～−17.33	6.24±0.61	5.44～6.90
底质有机物（SOM）	3	−13.93±0.01	−13.93～−13.82	5.58±0.16	5.47～5.70

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表 2 主要消费类群的δ¹³C值和δ¹⁵N值

Tab. 2 Values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N for the major consumer groups

分类	数量	（δ¹³C平均值±标准差）/‰	δ¹³C范围/‰	（δ¹⁵N平均值±标准差）/‰	δ¹⁵N范围/‰
鱼类	93	−16.65±1.19	−21.91～−14.75	9.79±1.07	5.71～12.92
虾蟹类	44	−15.42±1.22	−17.82～−12.55	8.76±1.24	5.97～10.68
头足类	5	−16.28±0.31	−16.67～−16.01	10.07±0.85	8.75～11.10
贝螺类	16	−16.89±1.12	−19.38～−14.76	5.76±0.73	4.13～7.03
浮游动物	13	−17.12±1.38	−19.21～−14.45	6.37±0.71	5.38～7.37

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A1 中街山列岛海域主要消费者的体长信息和δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N值

A1 The body length and δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N values of major consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area

分类	种类	体长范围/mm	数量	（δ¹³C平均值±标准差）/‰	（δ¹⁵N平均值±标准差）/‰
鱼类	小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis	139～166	5	−17.36±0.46	10.53±0.27
	带鱼Trichiurus lepturus	124～155	4	−16.64±0.79	11.25±0.14
	龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus	192～235	5	−16.62±0.61	9.78±0.26
	竹䇲鱼Trachurus japonicus	127～138	4	−16.79±0.20	10.64±0.10
	海鳗Muraenesox cinereus	194～229	3	−16.94±1.05	10.90±0.56
	日本鲭Scomber japonicus	146～189	4	−15.86±0.48	10.37±0.49
	大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea	107～179	3	−16.78±0.74	10.22±0.38
	鳀鱼Engraulis japonicus	56～121	5	−18.46±1.89	8.74±2.40
	褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus	82～180	12	−15.84±0.52	9.30±0.44
	斑头六线鱼Agrammus agrammus	78～175	10	−16.78±0.73	8.97±0.70
	前肛鳗Dysomma anguillaris	143～222	5	−17.19±0.76	10.56±0.32
	黑鲷Acanthopagrus schlegelii	132～191	6	−18.22±1.99	10.47±0.16
	食蟹豆齿鳗Pisoodonophis cancrivorus	127	1	−16.74±0	11.58±0
	鮸鱼Miichthys miiuy	200～404	3	−16.63±0.24	11.91±1.06
	红狼牙虾虎鱼Odontamblyopus rubicundus	90～101	2	−15.13±0.19	9.00±0.07
	矛尾虾虎鱼Acanthogobius hasta	40～52	6	−15.61±0.44	8.39±0.54
	长吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus lighti	107～198	2	−14.77±0.03	10.12±0.65
	绿鳍鱼Chelidonichthys kumu	104～108	2	−15.69±0.63	9.52±0.22
	鳄齿鱼Champsodon capensis	78	1	−17.77±0	9.13±0
	大眼鲷Priacanthus spp.	131	1	−14.79±0	10.21±0
	虻鲉Erisphex pottii	61	1	−17.41±0	8.45±0
	刺鲳Psenopsis anomala	147～156	2	−17.44±1.65	10.09±0.23
	细刺鱼Microcanthus strigatus	94～124	3	−16.71±0.88	8.89±0.49
	横带髭鲷Hapaloyenys mucronatus	113～122	3	−16.25±0.18	8.73±0.45
虾蟹类	哈氏仿对虾Parapenaeopsis hardwickii	76～97	3	−15.65±0.17	9.11±0.49
	葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri	71～82	4	−15.75±1.12	9.98±1.02
	脊额鞭腕虾Hippolysmata ensirostris	72～79	3	−14.91±0.29	8.93±0.36
	细巧仿对虾Parapenaeopsis tenella	52～66	3	−15.60±0.33	9.02±0.67
	鲜明鼓虾Alpheus distinguendus	38～51	2	−14.75±0.25	7.64±0.64
	日本矶蟹Parapenaeopsis hardwickii	48	1	−14.88±0	8.50±0
	菜花银杏蟹Actaea savignyi	55	1	−13.04±0	7.35±0
	次锐毛足蟹Lachnopodus subacutus	56～58	2	−13.36±1.16	6.60±0.16
	波氏岩瓷蟹Petrolisthes borradailei	41	1	−16.09±0	7.65±0
	隆线强蟹Eucrate crenata	35～40	2	−15.07±0.01	6.09±0.13
	粗腿厚纹蟹Pachygrapsus crassipes	32	1	−12.83±0	5.97±0
	双斑蟳Charybdis bimaculata	71～83	4	−15.47±0.60	9.35±0.37
	关公蟹Dorippoidea sp.	29～34	2	−16.56±0.10	7.30±0.03
	日本蟳Charybdis japonica	44～83	3	−14.81±0.32	9.10±0.84
	绵蟹Dromia dehaani	55～57	2	−14.76±0.32	9.51±0.22
	寄居蟹Paguridae spp.	33	1	−15.49±0	8.75±0
	三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus	73～110	5	−16.38±0.57	9.82±0.67
	口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria	55～123	4	−16.92±1.15	9.71±0.61
头足类	曼氏无针乌贼 Sepiella maindroni	78～123	5	−16.28±0.31	10.07±0.85
贝螺类	黄口荔枝螺Thais luteostoma	21～40	5	−17.60±1.33	5.88±0.72
	角蝾螺Turbo cornutus	58～60	2	−16.88±0.57	5.60±0.14
	亚洲棘螺Chicoreus asianus	62	1	−14.76±0	6.08±0
	西格织纹螺Nassarius siquinjorensis	31	1	−17.39±0	7.03±0
	脉红螺Rapana venosa	61～63	3	−16.14±0.84	6.03±0.43
	紫贻贝Mytilus edulis	61～78	5	−17.17±0.41	4.94±0.73

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表 3 不同区域主要消费者的营养结构指标

Tab. 3 Trophic structure indicators of major consumers in different regions

区域	年份	δ¹³C差值（CR）	δ¹⁵N差值（NR）	多边形总面积（TA）	平均离心距离（CD）	平均最近相邻距离（MNND）	最近相邻距离标准差（SDNND)
中街山列岛	2020	9.36	8.79	36.56	1.95	0.60	0.65
海州湾^[10]	2014	3.70	6.40	13.00	1.37	0.61	0.64
江苏近海^[23]	2017	5.20	8.12	26.95	1.87	0.59	0.45
东海北部^[24]	2010	4.83	3.59	12.05	1.51	0.41	0.22
三亚蜈支洲岛^[25]	2020	6.36	7.60	29.52	1.92	0.37	0.30

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