Component changes and control factors of detrital minerals in riverbed, estuary and beach of short source rivers: taking the Xin’an River in Shandong Peninsula as an example
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摘要: 山东半岛诸多小河沉积物大多来源明确，矿物沉积分异相对较小，对其研究能为大河入海物源分析提供区域相似性，也可为黄、渤海陆架沉积提供山东半岛物质来源特征。本文以山东半岛东北部短源小河辛安河为例，对取自河床、河口、海滩的表层沉积样品的碎屑矿物分布规律进行了多粒级分析。研究表明，辛安河流域和海滩沉积物多为中砂和细砂，全样重矿物含量中等，在1.47%～8.19%之间。出现重矿物27种，轻矿物8种，主要重矿物为普通角闪石（41.7%）、绿帘石（16.7%）、阳起石（10.6%）和褐铁矿（6.7%），主要轻矿物为石英（49.0%）、斜长石（26.5%）和钾长石（20.7%），这些矿物的含量在河床、河口和海滩远高于其他碎屑矿物，且矿物组合保持不变，相对含量变幅不大；非主要矿物种类与碎屑粒径存在显著的非线性相关关系。辛安河矿物种类和含量受控于区域岩性物源，即酸性、中酸性侵入岩和区域变质岩。闪石族矿物在辛安河不同地貌中的相对稳定输出是其同宗同源属性所在，矿物组成变化主要受水动力控制下的粒度分选影响。山东半岛短源河流虽碎屑矿物种类和含量不尽相同，但它们来源于相似的地质地貌和岩石类型，矿物组成变化的主要控制因素为区域物源和粒度分选，其次为沉积环境差异。相比而言，黄河闪石族矿物的低含量、云母族和碳酸盐类矿物在特定粒级的高含量有别于半岛南北两侧的河源物质。Abstract: Most of the small rivers in the Shandong Peninsula have clear sediment sources and relatively small mineral deposition differentiation, and their study can provide regional similarities for the analysis of the sources of large rivers into the sea, as well as the characteristics of the material sources in the Shandong Peninsula for the deposition of the Yellow Sea shelf and Bohai Sea shelf. In this paper, the distribution patterns of detrital minerals in surface sediment samples taken from riverbeds, estuaries and beaches were analysed at multiple grain levels, taking the Xin’an River, a small short-source river in the northeastern part of the Shandong Peninsula, as an example. The study shows that the Xin’an River basin and beach sediments are mostly medium and fine sands, with moderate heavy mineral content in the whole sample, ranging from 1.47% to 8.19%. Twenty-seven heavy minerals and eight light minerals occur, with the main heavy minerals hornblende (41.7%), chlorite (16.7%), actinolite (10.6%) and limonite (6.7%) and the main light minerals quartz (49.0%), plagioclase (26.5%) and potassium feldspar (20.7%), which are much more abundant than the other detrital minerals in the riverbed, estuary and beach, and the mineral assemblage remains constant, with less significant variation in relative content between them, while there is a significant non-linear correlation between non-dominant mineral species and clastic grain size. Mineral species and content in the Xin’an River are controlled by the regional lithological sources, i.e. acidic and moderately acidic intrusive rocks and regional metamorphic rocks, and the relatively stable output of amphibole group minerals across the different features of the Xin’an River is responsible for their homogeneity. The short source rivers of the Shandong Peninsula are derived from similar geological features and rock types, although the types and content of detrital minerals vary. The main controlling factors for mineral composition variation are regional sources and particle size sorting, followed by sedimentary environmental differences. In contrast, the high content of mica group and carbonate minerals in a specific grain size and the low content of amphibole group minerals are the aspects that distinguish the Huanghe River from the river source materials in the northern and southern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.
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图 1 研究区及采样站位
a. 山东半岛短源河流地形图；b. 辛安河流域地质示意图
Fig. 1 Map of study area and sampling points
a. The topographic of the short-source rivers in the Shandong Peninsula; b. the geological sketch map of the Xin’an River basin
图 2 辛安河重矿物在不同粒级中的变化与重矿物含量分布曲线
Fig. 2 Distribution curves of heavy mineral content with different grain classes of the Xin’an River
图 3 辛安河重矿物族类在不同取样点的变化曲线
Fig. 3 Variation curves of heavy mineral groups in the Xin’an River at different sampling points
图 4 辛安河重矿物族类相关系数
Fig. 4 Correlation coefficient of heavy mineral groups in the Xin’an River
图 5 山东半岛主要河流碎屑重矿物组合在不同沉积环境的变化趋势
不稳定矿物包括闪石族和帘石族；云母族、稳定矿物和铁质金属矿物与文中分类相同；未标注广粒级的粒级Φ为3~4；*数据引自参考文献[52]
Fig. 5 Variation trend of detrital heavy mineral assemblies in main rivers from the Shandong Peninsula to sea in different sedimentary environments
Unstable minerals include amphiboles and epidotes; mica, stabilized and ferrous metal minerals are classified as in this paper; unmarked wide grain size Φ with 3 to 4; *data cited from reference [52]
图 6 山东半岛入海小河和黄河重矿物组合入海前后对比
*黄河数据引自参考文献[7, 53]；其他河流数据引自参考文献[52]
Fig. 6 Comparison of heavy mineral assemblages of small rivers on the Shandong Peninsula and the Huanghe River before and after entering the sea
*The Huanghe River data are cited from references [7, 53] ; other river data are cited from reference [52]
表 1 采样点位
Tab. 1 Sampling point location
样点号 经纬度位置 地貌位置 XA01 37°24′20″N，121°32′18″E 辛安河大桥西北侧河床 XA02 37°24′09″N，121°32′19″E 辛安河大桥西北侧河床 XA04 37°20′47″N，121°27′49″E 北水桃林村桥下边滩 XA05 37°26′15″N，121°33′12″E 辛安河特大桥西南侧河口 XA07 37°26′14″N，121°33′06″E 辛安河特大桥西南侧河口 XA08 37°26′30″N，121°32′59″E 水下岸坡远处 XA10 37°26′29″N，121°33′01″E 海滩沿岸槽谷 XA11 37°26′28″N，121°33′00″E 海滩中滩面 XA12 37°26′28″N，121°33′02″E 海滩中滩面 XA13 37°26′28″N，121°33′06″E 海滩中滩面 XA14 37°26′27″N，121°33′10″E 海滩中滩面 
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表 2 辛安河沉积物粒度参数
Tab. 2 Grain size parameters of the Xin’an River sediments
粒度参数 XA01 XA02 XA04 XA05 XA07 XA08 XA10 XA11 XA12 XA13 XA14 平均粒径 4.82 3.74 0.93 1.46 1.64 1.44 1.98 1.27 1.60 1.73 1.72 标准偏差 0.95 1.73 1.65 0.91 0.68 0.56 0.62 0.65 0.58 0.54 0.56 偏态 0.24 0.24 0.27 −0.28 −0.17 0.02 −0.48 0.15 −0.18 −0.16 −0.25 峰度 1.04 1.14 1.31 0.84 0.80 0.76 1.03 0.8 0.73 0.43 0.21
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表 3 辛安河不同粒级重矿物含量差异
Tab. 3 Difference of heavy mineral content of different grain size fractions in the Xin’an River
样品位置 样品
编号广粒级重矿物在全样中的含量/%（加权值） Φ为3～4粒级含量/% Φ为3～4重矿物在全样中
的含量/%
（加权值）Φ为3～4重矿物在该粒级
中的含量/%河床 XA01 2.01 2.98 0.07 3.92 XA02 4.06 15.73 1.12 27.65 XA04 2.51 1.86 0.21 8.29 河口 XA05 6.11 0.63 0.11 1.88 XA07 8.19 0.37 0.05 0.62 水下岸坡 XA08 2.59 0.08 0.01 0.69 海滩槽谷 XA10 3.27 1.68 0.25 7.91 中滩面 XA11 1.48 0.09 0.01 0.60 XA12 2.43 0.09 0.02 0.77 XA13 1.83 0.27 0.07 3.54 XA14 2.96 0.16 0.04 1.44
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表 4 辛安河沉积物重矿物加权百分数（%）
Tab. 4 Heavy mineral weighted percentages for the Xin’an River sediments (%)
矿物 XA01 XA02 XA04 XA05 XA07 XA08 XA10 XA11 XA12 XA13 XA14 普通角闪石 37.96 44.51 42.93 34.37 34.69 51.25 38.45 42.84 44.91 47.34 39.29 透闪石 1.58 4.01 4.96 6.23 7.74 5.52 9.10 4.38 3.45 8.65 5.93 阳起石 10.96 10.02 13.59 12.38 14.77 4.59 7.96 8.04 10.34 9.73 14.28 绿帘石 20.37 17.20 13.85 24.04 16.08 11.44 23.20 13.36 14.65 13.97 15.26 黝帘石 2.48 1.48 0.44 0.44 0.33 − 0.05 0.07 0.22 0.14 − 斜黝帘石 9.44 4.46 1.78 1.38 1.61 0.09 0.55 0.17 0.41 0.44 0.61 黑云母 0.58 0.27 0.20 0.23 0.29 − 0.04 − − − 0.01 白云母 0.42 − 0.75 − 0.23 0.28 0.07 0.21 0.14 0.08 0.08 水黑云母 0.10 1.06 2.38 0.23 3.33 2.33 1.81 3.77 3.09 3.28 3.04 石榴子石 4.12 5.16 5.46 8.41 5.80 1.33 5.65 1.72 4.78 3.46 6.28 榍石 5.61 5.12 3.95 3.94 4.58 0.93 1.24 0.55 1.27 1.39 3.78 磷灰石 − 0.02 0.18 0.78 0.68 0.02 0.18 0.13 0.01 0.18 0.28 电气石 0.14 0.23 0.15 0.54 0.10 1.10 0.50 0.85 1.16 0.43 0.78 锆石 0.54 0.32 0.25 0.16 − − 0.05 − 0.29 0.04 0.03 金红石 0.37 0.19 0.03 − − − − − 0.09 − − 透辉石 0.18 0.87 0.15 0.17 0.80 − − − − − − 钛铁矿 1.53 1.18 0.79 0.49 1.29 0.04 0.21 0.31 0.16 0.18 0.40 磁铁矿 0.24 0.73 0.65 1.16 1.19 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.37 0.06 0.83 褐铁矿 2.35 1.43 4.93 3.85 3.66 11.75 7.01 13.37 11.00 7.59 6.84 赤铁矿 − − 0.40 0.43 − 0.15 0.43 − 0.01 0.02 0.01 风化碎屑 0.99 1.40 1.87 0.77 2.49 7.96 2.57 9.42 2.84 2.58 1.83 岩屑 0.03 0.36 0.24 − 0.22 1.99 0.83 0.58 0.82 0.21 0.41 注：“−”表示未测得数据，仅在某一粒级偶尔出现的矿物未作计算。
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表 5 辛安河沉积物轻矿物加权含量百分数（%）
Tab. 5 Weighted percentage of light minerals in the Xin’an River sediments (%)
矿物 XA01 XA02 XA04 XA05 XA07 XA08 XA10 XA11 XA12 XA13 XA14 石英 66.36 51.56 41.81 52.82 46.72 44.60 47.01 46.67 45.38 50.58 46.89 斜长石 18.07 25.95 29.17 25.83 29.56 25.62 27.19 28.28 29.89 25.97 26.65 钾长石 11.80 18.09 23.45 17.73 17.57 26.26 22.84 22.83 22.11 20.69 24.35 白云母 1.84 0.89 1.19 0.50 0.37 0.14 0.04 − 0.10 0.15 0.06 风化云母 1.91 3.19 2.54 1.41 2.50 0.92 1.54 0.55 0.63 0.97 0.83 方解石 0.01 − − 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.05 0.20 − 0.13 岩屑 0.01 0.25 1.12 1.33 1.90 2.26 1.22 1.27 1.26 1.33 0.85 风化碎屑 0.01 0.07 0.72 0.39 1.23 0.05 − 0.36 0.43 0.05 0.25 注：“−”表示未测得数据，仅在某一粒级偶尔出现的矿物未作计算。
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表 6 碎屑矿物因子载荷矩阵
Tab. 6 Clastics mineral factor load matrix
碎屑矿物 因子1 因子2 因子3 普通角闪石 −0.25 −0.92 −0.04 透闪石 0.09 −0.07 −0.70 阳起石 0.41 0.79 −0.17 绿帘石 0.63 −0.19 −0.58 黝帘石 0.80 0.28 −0.34 黑云母 0.41 0.81 −0.06 白云母 −0.02 −0.16 −0.05 石榴子石 −0.08 0.90 0.15 磷灰石 −0.64 0.38 −0.28 电气石 −0.80 −0.33 0.23 锆石 −0.32 0.00 0.88 金红石 0.56 0.20 0.11 透辉石 0.76 0.45 −0.11 自生碳酸盐 −0.05 −0.16 0.02 钛铁矿 0.01 0.04 0.81 磁铁矿 −0.36 −0.11 0.80 褐铁矿 −0.86 −0.19 0.31 赤铁矿 0.04 −0.02 0.01 特征值 6.78 3.65 2.62 累计贡献 0.25 0.47 0.66
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