挪威海畸形波波形特征研究

付睿丽; 才华艺; 陶爱峰; 郑金海; 王岗

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023031

挪威海畸形波波形特征研究

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023031

1.
河海大学海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室，江苏南京 210098
2.
大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116023

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52201319）；国家自然科学基金委−山东联合基金重点支持项目（U1906230）；中国博士后科学基金（2022M711018）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20220980，BK20220082）；江苏省卓越博士后计划（2022ZB169）；中央高校基本科研业务费（B220201045）。

详细信息

作者简介:
付睿丽（1993-），女，甘肃省定西市人，主要从事波浪水动力研究。E-mail: ruilifu@hhu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郑金海（1972-），男，福建省莆田市人，教授，主要从事非线性水波动力学和波流相互作用等研究。E-mail: jhzheng@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV139.2；P731.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-04
- 修回日期: 2022-10-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-31

Researches on characteristics of shapes of freak waves in the Norwegian Sea

1.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China

摘要

摘要: 畸形波波形与其所处海况特征密切相关。在线性、窄谱假定下，最可能出现的畸形波波形服从“新波”理论，即最大波位于波群中间且其前后相邻波浪对称。然而，实际海浪谱通常是包含多种频率成分的宽谱。目前对实测畸形波及其附近波面形态特征仍缺乏系统认知，对其影响因素尚不明确。本文基于挪威海气象观测站共112个畸形波序列，分析实测畸形波波形及影响因素。研究表明，只有52%的畸形波在波群中间，其余畸形波在波群前侧的概率更高。此外，畸形波前后相邻波浪并不完全对称，其中位于后侧的波幅普遍更大。通过定量分析实测畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论结果，发现谱宽是影响畸形波波形的关键参数。随谱宽增加，畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论得到的波面序列误差呈指数增加。
- 畸形波 /
- 挪威海 /
- 波形 /
- 不对称 /
- 谱宽
Abstract: Shapes of freak waves are strongly related to the characteristics of their surrounding sea state. The most probable shape of rogue waves obeys NewWave theory under the narrow band assumption in the linear process. Based on the NewWave theory, the largest wave is located in the center of a wave group and the adjacent waves are symmetrical. However, wide spectral widths containing various frequency components are more common in the ocean. There is still a lack of systematic understanding of the shapes of in-situ measured freak waves and the surrounding waves. Furthermore, key parameters that affect the shapes are not clear. In the present study, shapes of 112 freak waves and the related influence factors from the ocean weather station in the Norwegian Sea are investigated. Merely 52% of freak waves are located in the center of the group, and the possibility of other freak waves occurring towards the front of the wave groups is higher. Besides, shapes of the adjacent prior and following waves of freak waves are asymmetry. Generally, the amplitude of the following wave is larger than that of the preceding one. By quantitatively comparing shapes of the averaged measured rogue waves and based on the NewWave theory, it is found that the spectral width is a key parameter for affecting shapes of freak waves. With the spectral width wider, the difference of profiles of sea surface elevations around the freak waves between the measured and using the NewWave theory is exponentially increasing.
- freak waves /
- Norwegian Sea /
- wave shapes /
- asymmetry /
- spectral widths

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图 1 挪威海海洋气象站Mike对应的位置

Fig. 1 Location of ocean weather station Mike in the Norwegian Sea

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图 2 2004年挪威海海浪谱

黑色实线为全年平均谱形；灰色阴影为每月平均谱形

Fig. 2 Wave spectra in the Norwegian Sea in 2004

The black solid line represents a yearly averaged spectrum; the gray shaded represents ensemble spectra for each month

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图 3 2004年挪威海有效波高–平均周期散点分布图

Fig. 3 Scatter plot for significant wave heights and averaged periods of the Norwegian Sea during 2004

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图 4 2004年挪威海全年波陡–谱宽散点分布图

Fig. 4 Scatter plot for steepness and spectral widths of the Norwegian Sea during 2004

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图 5 挪威海实测波高累积概率分布与瑞利分布的对比（a）及实测畸形波无量纲波高分布（b）

Fig. 5 Comparisons of exceedance probabilities between measured wave heights and the Rayleigh distribution (a), probability distributions of non-dimensionalized wave heights of freak waves (b) in the Norwegian Sea

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图 6 典型实测畸形波序列

a. 畸形波波峰明显大于波谷（2004年7月8日）；b. 畸形波波峰、波谷接近（2004年2月18日）；c. 畸形波波谷明显大于波峰（2004年7月6日）

Fig. 6 Typical measured time series containing freak waves

a. A freak wave with a greater wave-crest amplitude than the wavetrough (July 8, 2004); b. a freak wave with almost identical amplitude of wave-crest and wavetrough (February 18, 2004); c. a freak wave corresponding to a deeper wavetrough (July 6, 2004)

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图 7 3种不同波形畸形波的出现概率

Fig. 7 The probability of occurrence of freak waves with the three wave shapes

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图 8 畸形波群内各参数示意图

图中“+”表示波浪波峰对应的位置

Fig. 8 Definitions of parameters for wave groups containing a freak wave

Where "+" indicates the corresponding positions of wave crests

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图 9 波群内最大波峰（或波谷）的相对位置概率分布

Fig. 9 Probability distributions of the relative position of the largest wave-crest (or wavetrough) within a wave group

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图 10 波群内最大波峰（或波谷）的相对位置随波群内波浪个数（a）、最大无量纲波高（b）、波陡（c）及谱宽（d）的变化

Fig. 10 Distributions of the relative position of the largest wave-crest (or wavetrough) within a wave group as a function of the number of waves (a), the normalized maximum wave height (b), wave steepness (c), and spectral width (d)

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图 11 波群最大波峰（或波谷）前后相邻波峰（或波谷）不对称性概率分布

Fig. 11 Probability distributions of asymmetry for the the adjacent preceeding and following wave-crest (wavetrough) of the largest wave-crest (wavetrough)

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图 12 波群最大波峰（或波谷）前后相邻波峰（或波谷）不对称程度随波群内最大无量纲波高（a，b）、波陡（c，d）及谱宽（e，f）的变化

Fig. 12 Distributions of the asymmetry for the the adjacent preceeding and following wave-crest (wavetrough) of the largest wave-crest (wavetrough) as a function of the normalized maximum wave height (a, b), wave steepness (c, d), and spectral width (e, f)

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图 13 2004年挪威海波峰占优（a）与波谷占优（b）的畸形波及其附近波面无量纲波形

灰色阴影为实测畸形波波形；蓝色阴影为与实测畸形波相同波况下的“新波”理论波形；黑色虚线为实测平均波形；蓝色实线为不同海况下基于“新波”理论得到的平均波形

Fig. 13 Normalized temporal profile of sea surface elevations around the observed maximum crest height (a) and the maximum trough height (b) in the Norwegian Sea during 2004

The gray shaded represents all wave profiles for the measured freak waves; the blue shaded represents wave profiles using the NewWave theory based on the same wave conditions as the measured freak waves; black dash lines represent measured averaged wave shapes; blue solid lines represent averaged wave shapes based on the NewWave theory for different wave cases

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图 14 实测畸形波波形与“新波”理论计算的最大波高附近波面的全局与极值误差随着最大无量纲波高（a，b）、波陡（c，d）、谱宽（e，f）的变化

Fig. 14 Variations of the errors of total wave surface and of the extreme values between the measured and using the NewWave theory with the normalized maximum wave height (a, b), wave steepness (c, d) and spectral width (e, f)

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图 15 2004年挪威海典型谱宽下波峰占优（a）与波谷占优（b）的畸形波及其附近波面无量纲波形

灰色阴影为实测畸形波波形；蓝色阴影为与实测畸形波相同波况下的“新波”理论波形；黑色虚线为实测平均波形；蓝色实线为不同海况下基于“新波”理论得到的平均波形

Fig. 15 Normalized temporal profile of sea surface elevations around the observed maximum crest height in typical spectral widths (a) and the maximum trough height (b) in the Norwegian Sea during 2004

The gray shaded represents all wave profiles for the measured freak waves; the blue shaded represents wave profiles using the NewWave theory based on the same wave conditions as the measured freak waves; black dash lines represent measured averaged wave shapes; blue solid lines represent averaged wave shapes based on the NewWave theory for different wave cases

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