北极楚科奇海北部特征水团对浮游植物空间分布的调控

费淑怡; 李纪; 高源; 葛跃浩; 郭正东; 高咏卉

doi:10.12284/hyxb2023016

北极楚科奇海北部特征水团对浮游植物空间分布的调控

doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023016

费淑怡^1,,
李纪^{1, 2, 3},
高源²,
葛跃浩⁴,
郭正东⁵,
高咏卉^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
上海交通大学海洋学院，上海 200030
2.
中国极地研究中心自然资源部极地科学重点实验室，上海 200136
3.
上海交通大学海洋学院上海市极地生命过程与环境重点实验室，上海 200030
4.
国家海洋局南通海洋环境监测中心站，江苏南通 226002
5.
中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院，山东青岛 266199

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（4160060782）；基金委重点项目：西南极冰–海动力学与生态梯度（41941008）；上海市极地前沿科学研究基地项目（ZXWH2440101/025）。

详细信息

作者简介:
费淑怡（1999-），女，浙江省湖州市人，研究方向为极地海洋碳循环与浮游植物分布。E-mail: 121440910006@sjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
高咏卉，女，副教授，主要研究营养盐循环、浮游植物生理活动和生产力、人类活动对生态系统影响。E-mail: ygao80@sjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P727；Q178.53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-13
- 修回日期: 2022-08-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-09

Regulation of phytoplankton distribution by characteristic water masses in the northern Chukchi Sea, Arctic

Fei Shuyi^1
,,
Li Ji^{1, 2, 3},
Gao Yuan²,
Ge Yuehao⁴,
Guo Zhengdong⁵,
Gao Yonghui^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministuy of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
3.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences, School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
4.
Nantong Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Nantong 226002, China
5.
PLA Naval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China

摘要

摘要: 通过楚科奇海北部–加拿大海盆西侧交接地带的生态调查，我们发现0～150 m海域水体中以融冰水（MW，0～20 m）、白令海夏季水（sBSW）和阿拉斯加沿岸流（ACW）等水团为主。水温和营养盐变化与水团息息相关，物理–生化的耦合作用进一步影响了浮游植物分布和群落结构。叶绿素a浓度最大值多位于约50 m深、富含营养盐的sBSW和ACW暖水团中。 sBSW和ACW中分别以小型（占比约74%）和微微型（占比约65%）浮游植物为主。藻华初期，溶解无机氮（DIN）虽呈相对限制状态，但仍高于浮游植物生长所需阈值。双单元混合模型显示：浮游植物对氮去除明显，氮吸收量与叶绿素a浓度呈正比，且在温度略高的ACW水团中氮吸收量高于sBSW水团。在北极变暖、波弗特流涡增强以及ACW和sBSW营养盐补给下，该区域的浮游植物的叶绿素a浓度（均值：（0.327±0.163）mg/m³，范围：0.04～0.69 mg/ m³）与历史数据相比有所提高。这将增加北极海区的碳吸收通量，有利于其作为碳汇区的发展。
- 楚科奇海 /
- 波夫特流涡 /
- 分级叶绿素a /
- 温度 /
- 水团
Abstract: Based on ecological observations of the northern Chukchi Sea and the western Canada Basin junction zore, We found that within the upper 150 m, the phytoplankton distribution was complicated by dominant water masses: the Melting Water (MW), the Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW) transported with the Beaufort Gyre (BG), and summer Bering Sea Water (sBSW). The changes of temperature and nutrients were closely related to water mass, and the physical-biochemical coupling effect further affects the distribution and community structure of phytoplankton. The Chl a maximum concentration layer often existed in the dim water of about 50 m depth. In the nutrient-rich sBSW and ACW dominant water-mass, phytoplankton were dominant by netplankton (74% of the total Chl a concentration) and picoplankton (65% of the total Chl a concentration). In the early stage of bloom, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was relative limited to phosphate, while bioavailable nitrogen was still above the absolute limit threshold. The DIN-Salinity conservative mixing model showed that phytoplankton significantly removed nitrogen, and the nitrogen-uptake was positively related to Chl a concentration. The amount of nitrogen uptake in ACW water mass with slightly higher temperature was higher than that in sBSW water mass. In response to Arctic warming, the enhanced Beaufort Gyre, and nutrient supply from ACW and sBSW, Chl a concentration of phytoplankton in this region (ranged from 0.04−0.69 mg/m³ with an average of (0.327±0.163) mg/m³) were higher than the historical observations. This will increase the carbon absorption flux in the Arctic sea area, which is conducive to its development as a carbon sink area.
- Chukchi Sea /
- Beaufort Gyre /
- size-fractionated Chl a /
- temperature /
- water masses

HTML全文

图 1 西北冰洋环流示意图（a）和采样区的海冰密集度在调查期间的均值（b）

采样区域主要受阿拉斯加沿岸流（ACW，红色）和白令海夏季水（sBSW，橘黄色）的影响；深蓝色箭头指示波弗特流涡（BG）的方向；白色虚线表示在2021年7月25日至8月1日的海冰密集度均值为 10%的边缘线；采样站位点分别用蓝色（R 断面）、紫色（P1 断面）、绿色（P2 断面）圆点表示

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the western Arctic Ocean circulation (a) and the average of sea ice concentration during the sampling time (b)

The study region experienced the influence of the Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW, red) and summer Bering Sea Water (sBSW, orange); the direction of the Beaufort Gyre (BG) marked by blue arrows; the white-dash line represents the ice edge (ice concentration=10% during July 25th to August 1st, 2021); sampling stations are shown in blue (transection R), purple (transection P1) and green (transection P2) dots

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图 2 在 R（a）、P1（b）和 P2（c）断面水温和盐度的垂向分布

Fig. 2 Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity in the R (a), P1 (b), and P2 (c) transections

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图 3 溶解态无机氮（DIN）、磷酸盐（SRP）和硅酸盐（Si(OH)₄）浓度在 3 个断面的垂向分布

Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrates (DIN), soluble reactive phosphates (SRP) and silicates (Si(OH)₄) concentration in three transections

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图 4 在 R（a）、P1（b）和 P2（c）断面叶绿素a浓度的垂向分布（灰色虚线为等密度线）

Fig. 4 Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in the R (a), P1 (b), and P2 (c) transections (gray dotted lines are equal density lines)

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图 5 150 m 以上水体的温−盐−深度点聚图（a）、温−盐−DIN 浓度点聚图（b）和温−盐−叶绿素 a浓度点聚图（c）

MW 为融冰水；ACW 为阿拉斯加沿岸流；sBSW 为白令海夏季水；wBSW 为白令海冬季水；AW 为大西洋水

Fig. 5 Depth distribution in temprature-salinity-depth scatter diagram (a), temperature-salinity-DIN concentration scatter diagram (b) and temperature-salinity-Chl a concentration scatter diagram (c) above 150 m

MW is Melting Water; ACW is Alaskan Coastal Water; sBSW is summer Bering Sea Water; wSBW is winter Bering Sea Water; AW is Atlantic Water

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图 6 叶绿素a浓度最大层的浮游植物叶绿素a浓度的分级分布

Fig. 6 Size-fraction distribution in Chl a concentration of phytoplankton in Chl a maximum concentration layer

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图 7 溶解无机氮（DIN）浓度与盐度关系

数据都取自 50 m，接近叶绿素a浓度最大层

Fig. 7 Relationship between dissolved inorganic nitrate (DIN) concentration and salinity

All data came from the 50 m depth, close to the Chl a concentration maximum layer

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表 1 不同水团温度、盐度、密度的分布

Tab. 1 Distribution of temperature, salinity and density in different water mass

水团	温度/℃	盐度	深度/m	密度/(kg·m⁻³)
MW	−1.7～−1.2	28～30.5	0～20	22～24.5
ACW	−1.25～0.75	30～32	30～100	24～26
sBSW	−1.5～−1.25	31～32	50～100	25～26
wBSW	−1.6～−1	32～33	70～125	26～27
AW	−1.5～−0.25	>33	>125	>27

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表 2 分级叶绿素a浓度与环境因子的相关性

Tab. 2 Correlations of size-fraction chlorophyll a concentration and environmental factors

分级叶绿素	海冰密集度	盐度	温度	光强	DIN浓度	SRP浓度	Si (OH)₄浓度	N/P	Si/N
小型浮游植物Chl a	−0.083	−0.605*	0.047	0.325	−0.735**	−0.696**	−0.674*	−0.755**	0.707**
微型浮游植物Chl a	−0.172	0	0.117	−0.205	−0.367	−0.408	−0.509	−0.239	0.025
微微型浮游植物Chl a	−0.147	−0.05	0.719**	−0.020	−0.091	−0.036	−0.147	−0.102	−0.111
注：表示 p<0.05 水平下相关性显著；*表示 p<0.01 水平下的相关性显著。

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