Laboratory experimental study on the lateral melting process of ice layer
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摘要: 为了探究冰层侧向融化过程，定量分析影响冰层侧向融化的主导因素，在低温实验室水槽内实施了浮冰融化实验。同步测量了冰底面和表面生消过程、浮冰侧向融化过程，同时记录了实验室气温、冰样内部不同深度处的冰温及开阔水域不同深度处的水温，利用相关分析方法研究了不同要素之间的关系及其对浮冰侧向融化速率的影响规律。结果表明，融冰前期冰样内部不同深度处的侧向融化缓慢且均匀，平均融化速率为0.05 mm/h；融冰中后期不同深度处的侧向融化速率显著增加且不再均匀，平均融化速率为0.15 mm/h。平均侧向融化速率与气温的相关系数较好（r=0.82），优于其与平均水温（r=0.74）和水–冰温度差（r=0.48）的相关系数。建立侧向融化速率随温度（气温、水温）和深度变化的定量关系，可以准确描述浮冰侧向融化过程的非均匀性。同时验证了进行非均匀性侧向融化试验技术的可行性，为更加接近北极真实情况考虑风速和光源条件的海冰试验奠定了基础。Abstract: In order to investigate the melting process at the ice-water lateral interface and to quantify the dominant factors affecting the lateral melting rate of ice layer, an ice melting experiment was carried out in a low-temperature water tank. Simultaneous measurements of the ice bottom and surface processes and the lateral melting process of the ice layer were carried out, while the laboratory air temperature, ice temperature at different depths inside the ice samples and water temperature at different depths in open water were recorded, the relationships between different elements and their influence patterns on the lateral melting rate of ice were investigated using correlation analysis methods. The results show that the lateral melting rate at different depths inside the ice samples was slow and uniform in the early stage of melting, with an average melting rate of 0.05 mm/h. The lateral melting rate at different depths in the middle and late stages of melting increased significantly and was no longer uniform, with an average melting rate of 0.15 mm/h. The correlation coefficient of the average lateral melting rate and air temperature (r=0.82) was better than that between the average water temperature (r=0.74) and the water-ice temperature difference (r=0.48). The quantitative relationships of lateral melting rate with temperature (air temperature, water temperature) and depth were established to accurately describe the non-uniformity of the lateral melting process of ice layer. It also verifies the feasibility of conducting non-uniform lateral melting test techniques, and lays the foundation for sea ice tests that more closely resemble real Arctic conditions considering wind speed and light source conditions.
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Key words:
- lateral melting rate /
- temperature /
- water depth /
- parameterization /
- low temperature experiment
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图 4 侧向、底面以及表面融化量对比（a）和累积正气温与竖向及侧向融化量的关系（b）
Fig. 4 Comparison of lateral, bottom and surface melting （a） and relationship between cumulative positive air temperature and vertical and lateral melt （b）
图 6 试验期间的冰温变化
图中黑色实线为冰底面位置
Fig. 6 Ice temperature variation during the experiment
The solid black line is the ice base
图 8 气温与平均侧向融化速率的拟合关系
Fig. 8 Fitting relationship between temperature and mean lateral melting rate
图 9 平均水温及水冰温差与平均侧向融化速率拟合图
Fig. 9 Fitting diagram of average water temperature and water-ice-temperature difference with average lateral melting rate
图 10 气温与水下不同深度处侧向融化速率的变化关系
Fig. 10 Relationship between temperature and lateral melting rate at different depths of water
图 11 侧向融化速率与气温和深度（a）、水温和深度（b）的变化关系
Fig. 11 The relationship between lateral melting rate with temperature and water depth (a), water temperature and depth (b)
表 1 冰样三面融化对比
Tab. 1 Comparison of melting on three sides of the ice layer
冰样位置 融化厚度/cm 平均融化速率/（mm·h–1） 融化体积占比/% 表面 8 0.24 57.7 底面 5 0.15 36.1 侧面 3 0.09 6.2 
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